Ulm, Univ., Diss., 2009.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 100 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Medicine in the field of Biokinetics Johannesburg, 2017 / Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common knee complaint associated with pain around the patella. Research has identified altered electromyographic (EMG) activity of the knee muscles in individuals with PFP compared to a healthy population (Briani et al., 2016). Purpose: The purpose of this observational study was to identify the EMG activity of the quadriceps muscle during functional activities in participants experiencing PFP and participants with no PFP. Methods: The onset and sequence timing including the ranking and Q-angle in relation to the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) activity was measured with surface EMG in 17 PFP participants and 17 controls during a sit to stand, squat, and step up and step down. Results: The RM-ANOVA discovered a significant difference in the onset of VMO compared to RF muscle between the activities in the PFP group (-0.11 to 0.07 sec; p = 0.03) and the healthy group (-0.18 to -0.03; p = <0.01), as well as the VL compared to the RF muscle in the PFP group (-0.07 to 0.13 sec; p = <0.01). Significant differences were shown comparing the ranking of EMG onset for the quadriceps muscle to each activity in the healthy group (p = <0.01 to 0.04), and in the PFP group for the sit to stand (p = 0.01). Onset of VMO activity was predominantly ranked first in the healthy group (56%) and the VL in the PFP group (44%). A Mann-Whitney U-test shown a significant relationship in the healthy group between the Q-angle and the VMO, VL and RF muscles during the step down activity (r = -0.53 to -0.55; p = 0.02 to 0.03). Conclusion: This study confirms that the quadriceps muscle responds differently to different functional activities in the PFP and healthy population respectively. The healthy group tend to utilize the VMO first, compared to the PFP group with altered onset of quadriceps activation. Furthermore, the greater the Q-angle is, the earlier the onset of quadriceps muscle will be in the healthy group. This relationship was not found in the PFP group. / MT2017

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2007. / Principal faculty advisor: Lynn Snyder-Mackler, Dept. of Physical Therapy. Includes bibliographical references.

The stiff-knee gait pattern of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) is assumed to be caused by spasticity of the quadriceps which interferes with knee flexion normally occurring during the swing phase of walking. In current clinical practice, the ability to assess quadriceps spasticity is limited by the lack of an objective and reliable test that discriminates the role spasticity plays in functional limitations. The primary purpose of this series of studies was to assess the pendulum test as an objective measure of quadriceps spasticity. The first study assessed the reliability of the pendulum test. Moderate to very high between day reliability for all thirteen measures of the pendulum test were found. The second study assessed the discriminant ability of the pendulum test to correctly identify a stiff-knee gait pattern. Because most clinicians do not have access to a three dimensional motion analysis system, the third study assessed the reliability and accuracy of visual observation of the pendulum test. Sixty-eight children with a primary diagnosis of cerebral palsy participated. A three-dimensional motion analysis system was used to measure the subjects knee motion while walking, and performing the pendulum test. Spasticity of the quadriceps was also assessed using traditional clinical measures i.e., the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), and the Ely tests. Forty-seven percent of the variance in the stiff-knee gait pattern was explained by a regression model using the pendulum test and traditional clinical measures. The only significant measure in the regression model was the magnitude of knee motion occurring during the first swing of the pendulum test (A1). Discriminant analysis revealed the A1 measure correctly classified 77% of the subjects knee-gait pattern. Four observers demonstrated moderate accuracy and repeatability in estimating A1 value. The visual assessment of A1 correctly classified 72-76% of the subjects knee-gait pattern with no prior knowledge of the subjects gait. This series of studies demonstrated the pendulum test is an objective, repeatable measure of quadriceps spasticity. A negative pendulum test (indicated by an A1 value greater than 45 degrees) is more useful for ruling out a stiff-knee gait pattern compared to the traditional clinical measures.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2006. / Principal faculty advisor: Lynn Snyder-Mackler, Dept. of Physical Therapy. Includes bibliographical references.

Detta examensarbete inom biomekanik var ett produktutvecklingsprojekt av ett medicintekniskt instrument för mätning av statisk muskelstyrka i lårmuskulaturen (quadriceps). Instrumentet utvecklades med utgångspunkt från instrumentet Stig Starke som blivit föråldrat och förfallet. Stig Starke nyttjas främst av sjukgymnaster på Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset med syfte att exempelvis utvärdera effekter av sjukgymnastisk behandling. Behovet av en ny version av instrumentet är stort både inom kliniskt arbete och inom forskning. En ny version av instrumentet skulle hjälpa sjukgymnaster och forskare till att kunna fortsätta mäta muskelstyrkan i quadriceps på ett snabbt och enkelt sätt. Syftet och målsättningen med detta examensarbete var att utveckla Stig Starke-instrumentet så att mätningar av maximal statisk styrka i lårmuskulaturen (quadriceps), i enheten Newton, kan göras på patienter inom sjukvård och rehabilitering. En problemanalys i form av Workshop gjordes hos användarna på Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset. Problemanalysen tillsammans med en förstudie lade grunden för koncept i form av krav och önskemål till nya versionen av instrumentet. Önskemål på användarvänlighet av instrumentet och standardisering av patientens kroppsposition stod högt i prioritering. Via dynamisk produktutveckling och biomekaniska metoder där användarna (sjukgymnasterna) var i fokus kunde ett koncept väljas ut och tillverkas till en funktionell prototyp. Sex nyckelord för arbetet är quadriceps, muskelkraft, instrument, antropometri, användarvänlighet och standardisering. Funktionella prototypen visade via produktutvärdering att goda utvecklingsmöjligheter finns för den nya versionen, då den visade på hög användarvänlighet och standardisering. Behovet av en ny version av instrumentet kommer att finnas kvar tills ett likvärdigt instrument som Stig Starke kan tillämpas i verkligheten.

Thesis (M.S.)--Indiana University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Fausto Berzin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-21T05:55:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zuccolotto_DeborahGatti_M.pdf: 1779011 bytes, checksum: 8c0c5c2a35b2c7c203d0461c594ec465 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996 / Resumo: A proposta deste trabalho foi observar o comportamento eletromiográfico dos músculos Vasto Medial Oblíquo, Vasto Lateral, Semitendíneo e Bíceps da Coxa (porção longa) durante atividade no aparelho "STEPPING MACHINE", tomando-se as medidas de ângulo 0°, 30°, 60°, 90° para a flexão e extensão da perna na articulação do joelho. Foram analisados 10 voluntários adultos normais, utilizando-se um eletromiógrafo de 8 canais, mini-eletrodos de superfície do tipo BECKMAN e um eletrogoniômetro. O método estatístico empregado foi a análise de variância (ANOVA) e o teste de Tukey. Os resultados mostraram que no movimento de flexão, o músculo Vasto Medial Oblíquo apresentou diferença dos potenciais médios de ação ao nível de 5% de significância para as medidas de ângulo 90°, 30° e 0° e também diferença sifnificante entre 60° e 0°. O músculo Vasto Lateral apresentou diferença significante também em 5% no ângulo 90° em relação °a 60°, 30° e 0°, além de diferença entre 60° e 0°. Os músculos semitendíneo e bíceps da coxa não apresentaram diferença significativa nas diferentes medidas de ângulo. Durante o movimento de extensão do joelho, os músculos Vasto Medial Oblíquo e Vasto Lateral, apresentaram diferença entre as medidas de ângulo 90° e 60° em relação às medidas 30° e 0°. Os músculos semitendíneo e bíceps da coxa, não apresentaram diferença significante entre os potenciais de ação nas várias angulações analisadas. Os resultados sugerem que o aparelho "STEPPING MACHINE" pode ser indicado na reabilitação pós-operatória da articulação do joelho / Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to observe the electromyographyc behaviors of the Vastus Medialis, Vastus Lateralis, Semitendineous and Biceps Femoris Muscles during activity in the Stepping Machine equipament, taking the angle measurement 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° for the leg flexion and extension in the knee joint. Ten normal adults volunteers were analysed by using a 8 channels electromyographer, mini surface electrode Beckman type and electrogoniometer. The statistics method utilized was the variance analysis (ANOVA) and the Tukey test. The results showed that in the joint movement Vastus Medialis Muscle presented difference of the medius potencials of action in 5% level of significance for the angle 90° measurement, 30° and 0° and significant difference among 60° and 0°. The Vastus Lateralis muscle presented significant difference also in the angle 90° in 5% in relation of 60°, 30° and 0°, beyond the difference among 60° and 0°. The semitendineous and biceps femoris muscles didn't present significant . difference in different measures of the angles. During the knee joint extension, the Vastus Medialis and Vastus Lateralis muscles presented difference among the 90° and 60° angles in relation to 30° and 60° measurement. The Semitendineous and Biceps Femoris didn't show difference significant among the potencials action in several angled analysed. The results suggest that the Stepping Machine can be indicate in the post-operation rehabilitation / Mestrado / Fisiologia e Biofisica do Sistema Estomatognatico / Mestre em Odontologia

This study was a randomized control trial. The purpose of this study was threefold: 1) to determine if intramuscular temperature (IMt) increases in the semitendinosus (ST) are similar to the vastus lateralis (VL) during standard WBV static squatting; 2) to determine if changes in intramuscular temperature of the hamstrings is different from a standard static semi-squat when undergoing WBV in a static stretching position; and 3) to determine if shorter overall durations as is typically used for stretching protocols (i.e. 5 repetitions of 30s each), will result in IMt increases. Twelve subjects (all males), with tight hamstrings completed this study (age 23.5 ± 1.5 years; body mass 76.3 ± 17.7 kg; height 177.8 ± 15.2 cm). Subjects were randomly assigned to treatment order of three groups: semi squat vibration (SQ), vibration with static stretch (VS), and static stretch only (SS). Subjects reported to the lab 3x, each visit separated by one week to receive all treatments. Each treatment day consisted of baseline temperature measurements in the VL and ST and following each of 2 sets (5x60-second for SQ, 5x30-second for VS and SS, with 30 seconds rest in between reps). Post-hoc comparisons revealed that VL temperature increases were significantly greater from baseline than the hamstrings at all three time periods (p<.0001). There were no significant differences found in ST IMt when comparing 5-minutes of total WBV in the VS condition (both sets of 2.5 minute bouts) to 5-minutes of vibration in the SQ condition (p=1.000), or between VS and SS after 5 minutes (p=.9827). Post-hoc comparisons between SS and VS conditions revealed no significant differences after 2.5 minutes (p=1.000), 5 minutes (p=.8812), and 10-minutes post vibration (p=.9844) in ST or VL (p=1.000, p=.0540, and p=.1815 respectively) temperature. The results of our study show that the ST does not exhibit similar increases in IMt as the VL when performing standard semi-squat WBV training. The IMts seen in the static stretch both with and without vibration seem to suggest that factors other than IMt most likely contribute to flexibility changes seen in prior WBV flexibility studies.