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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

As minas de ouro de Morro da Gloria, 'Greenstone Belt' Rio das Velhas, Quadrilatero Ferrifero, MG : analise estrutural e metalotectos / The Morro da Gloria gold mines, Rio das Velhas Greenstone Belt, Quadrilatero Ferrifero, MG - structural analysis and metalotecs

Spreafico, Ricardo Ramos 19 April 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Alfonso Schrank / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T16:33:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Spreafico_RicardoRamos_M.pdf: 74748494 bytes, checksum: 5ea89bb7faa599f44ce1b9c5c4dc8024 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A área mineralizada a ouro de Morro da Glória, centro-norte do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, contém depósitos hospedados na sequência vulcano-sedimentar do Greenstone Belt Rio das Velhas. Estes depósitos são controlados por estruturas e condições químicas influenciadas pela formação ferrífera bandada (FFB), identificadas em mapeamento geológico de superficie na escala 1: 4000 e em análises petrográficas e de petrotexturas. A FFB está intercalada em meta-basaltos do Grupo Nova Lima, e ambos estão alterados hidrotermalmente. A sericitização é o mais importante processo de alteração e foi principalmente desenvolvido no contato de quartzo-sericita xisto com FFB da Serra do Vum Vum. Nas outras ocorrências de FFB no centro e sul da área, entretanto, a c1oritização é dominante. A carbonatação é sempre subordinada, como um estágio intermediário entre as porções c1oritizada e sericitizada. Estas transformações estão associadas à sulfetação e à mineralização aurífera, assim como ao comportamento estrutural dos litotipos durante os principais eventos deformacionais. Três fases deformacionais são propostas para explicar a evolução estrutural. Uma fase D1, caracterizada por dobras isoc1inais de flanco invertido, com eixos de atitude média 90/37, como parte de zona de cisalhamento dúctil vergente para NNW, no contexto geológico regional. Uma fase O2, caracterizada por dobras desarmônicas, parasíticas, cilíndricas ou suaves, que evidenciam cisalhamento puro confirmado pela orientação de eixo-c de grãos de quartzo de veios recristalizados em O2. A c1ivagem de fratura plano-axial S2 indica deformação sob regime dúctil-rúptil. A fase D3 é evidenciada por falhas inversas com vergência para NW. A entrada de fluidos mineralizantes teria ocorrido durante a fase DI, quando os condutos foram criados como estruturas geradas durante o cisalhamento, na forma de aberturas tensionais, que permitem a passagem de fluidos, os quais reagem com as rochas hospedeiras. Na paragênese do minério predomina a pirita. À medida que a deformação progrediu, os veios e os próprios corpos mineralizados foram paralelizados, estirados e acomodaram a foliação SI. A rotação do pacote de FFB, como um corpo mais rígido, envolvido por basaltos hidrotermalizados, agora transformados em assembléias de xistos, formou a dobra principal que forma a Serra do Vum Vum. Essa rotação leva ao aparecimento de nova estrutura planar, representada pela clivagem de fratura S2 e novas aberturas tensionais. Estas são ocupadas por fluidos, que ainda não deixaram de circular, mas que podem ter natureza um pouco distinta, mais ricos em Cu e Au. O minério é agora formado por abertura na pirita preenchida por calcopirita e ouro (minério de pirita-calcopirita-ouro). No final dos eventos de deformação as estruturas S3 foram formadas, em nível crustal mais superficial e seccionaram os corpos mineralizados. análise das estruturas geológicas feita na área mineralizada do Morro da Glória, em particular, de controles estrutural e químico, ou metalotectos, mostrou o quanto essencial é a FFB para a criação de permeabilidade estrutural, para reações de sulfetação e, juntamente, para precipitação de ouro. Este modelo de redobramento da FFB é muito importante para delinear, em superficie e sub-superfície, a geometria da FFB, hospedeira da mineralização, que é aplicável em prospecção aurífera nessa área e também na exploração regional. O mapeamento de corredores com foliação S: predominante pode direcionar descoberta de zonas de concentração preferencial de ouro durante a fase deformacional D2 / Abstract: The gold mineralized area of Morro da Glória, center-north of Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brasil, contain deposits hosted by the volcano-sedimentary pile of the Rio das Velhas Greenstone BeIt. This deposits are controlled by structures and chemical conditions influenced by banded iron fonnation (FFB), identified in surface geological mapping in scale 1:4000 and studied by petrographic and petrofabric approaches. The FFB is interbeded in metabasalts from Nova Lima Group, and bOth are hydrothennal altered. A sericitization is the main alteration process and was mainly developed on the outer contact of FFB at the Serra do Vum Vum. On others FBB occurrences in central e south of the area, however, the chloritization is dominant. The carbonatization is ever subordinated, as an intermediary stage between the chloritized and the sericitized portions. Those transformations as played major rules even on sulphides and gold mineralization as on the structural behavior during the main deformational events. Three deformational phases are proposed to explain the structural evolution history. A DI phase, characterized by isoclinal folds of inverted limb, with averaged axis climbing of 90/37, as a part of an ductile shear zone verging to NNW, in the broad geological context. A D2 phase, characterized by tuneless, drag, cylindrical or gentle folds, which evidences pure shear confinned by the orientation of c-axis of quartz grains from recristalized veins in D2. The cleavage fracture axial planes S2 indicate deformation under a ductile-ruptile regime. The D3 phase is evidenced by inverse faults verging to NW. The onset of mineralized fluids would be occurred during the DI phase, when the conduits were formed as structures generated during shear, in form of tension gashes, allows the fluids to pass trough and react with host rocks. The ore paragenesys was pyrite droved. As the deformation as increased, the veins and the mineralized bodies stretched, becomes parallel, and accommodates the SI foliation.The rotation of the FF B package, as rigid bodies, enveloped by the hydrothermalized basalts, then transformed in ductile schist assemblages, developed the main fold that fonns the Serra do Vum Vum. This rotation leads to the development of new planar structures, represented by cleavage fractures 82 and new tension gashes. These are drained by fluids, that yet don't stopped to circulate, but can have a little distinct provenance, as it is richer in Cu e Au. Ore is now formed by broken pyrite filled by chalcopyrite and gold drops (pyrite-chalcopyrite-gold ore). Previous pyrite ore was rigid during the D2 ductile event. At the end of deformational events the S3 structures as formed, at most superficial crustallevels and has sectioned the mineralized bodies. The geological structures analysis done at Morro da Glória mineralized area, in particular, from structural and chemical controls, or metalotects, showed as essential is the FFB to allow the creation of structural permeability, the reactions of sulphidation and, besides, the gold precipitation. Also, this standard of refolded FBB is very important to delineate, in surface and underground, the geometry of FFB hosting gold mineralization, which is applicable to gold prospecting on this area but also on regional exploration. Mapping of corridors with dominant S2 foliation can drive to discover zones of preferential gold concentration during the D2 deformational phase / Mestrado / Metalogenese / Mestre em Geociências
2

Genese dos depositos auriferos em metaconglomerados da formação moeda, Quadrilatero Ferrifero, MG : o papel do metamorfismo e associação com a materia carbonosa / Genesis of the metaconglomerate-hosted gold deposits of the moeda formation, Quadrilatero Ferrifero (State of Minas Gerais) : role of the metamorphism and the association with carbonaceous matter

Pires, Paulo Fernando Ravacci 31 March 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Roberto Perez Xavier / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T05:11:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pires_PauloFernandoRavacci_D.pdf: 6584205 bytes, checksum: 739eaf46946561db1cdef0606b9985b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Os metaconglomerados auríferos da Formação Moeda, Supergrupo Minas, encontram-se em porções basais dessa formação, em contato com litotipos do Supergrupo Rio das Velhas. Os metaconglomerados mineralizados formam estreitos horizontes, todavia com teores de ouro elevados, normalmente sotopostos por planos de cisalhamento tangenciais ao acamamento. Os horizontes que hospedam a mineralização aurífera consistem de metaconglomerados suportados por clastos ou matriz arenosa de granulação média; os clastos incluem seixos de quartzo de veio, com dimensões centimétricas, clastos angulosos de metachert e BIF, além de metavulcânicas ácidas. Características consideradas comuns nestes metaconglomerados incluem a presença de pirita arredondada, com ou sem inclusões de material carbonoso, comumente mostrando sobrecrescimento de pirita de segunda geração, pirofilita e, localmente, clorita. Adicionalmente também se observa que os horizontes mineralizados apresentam maior concentração da matéria carbonosa. Estas características se assemelham aos horizontes mineralizados de Witwatersrand, na África do Sul. A formação dos filossilicatos hidratados e da pirita de sobrescimento é atribuída à percolação de fluidos hidrotermais, em momento de pós-pico metamórfico, durante o desenvolvimento de zonas de cisalhamento subparalelas ao acamamento. O geotermômetro da clorita indica temperaturas em torno de 3000 C para a formação desses minerais. A matéria carbonosa relacionada à mineralização aurífera mostra-se com baixo grau de cristalinidade, de acordo com os estudos de microespectroscopia Raman. Sua distribuição e concentração encontram-se diretamente vinculadas a porções onde os metaconglomerados da base da Formação Moeda (unidade I) apresentam menor espessura, ou seja, em paleo-canais relacionados a altos estruturais. Diferentes tipos de pirita foram observados nos horizontes mineralizados, dentre os quais se destacam a pirita de sobrecrescimento, pirita arredondada compacta, pirita arredondada porosa e pirita euhedral / Abstract: The Quadrilátero Ferrífero has historically been one of the most important gold province in Brazil, with a significant number of productive greenstone-hosted lode gold deposits within the Rio das Velhas Supergroup together with those associated with the metasedimentary sequence of the Minas Supergroup. At the base of the Moeda formation, Minas Supergroup, particularly at the contact with rocks of the Rio das Velhas Supergroup, there are several medium to small size, high grade gold deposits hosted by metaconglomerates, which bear similar features with the world-class Witwatersrand gold fields in South Africa. The gold mineralization forms narrow horizons within the metaconglomerates, generally above bedding-parallel shear planes. The host metaconglomerate_ consist of different proportions of clasts of centimeter size vein quartz, metachert, BIF and felsic metavolcanics, immersed in an arenaceous matrix of medium grain size. A higher concentration of carbonaceous matter, the presence of rounded pyrite, with or without inclusions of carbonaceous matter and overgrowths of later pyrite, pyrophyllite and, locally, chlorite are the main characteristics of the gold-bearing horizons in the metaconglomerates. Pyrophyllite, chlorite and the overgrowth pyrite are interpreted as the result of hydrothermal fluids which circulated along the bedding parallel shear zones, after the peak of metamorphism. The chlorite geothermometry yielded 300°C as an estimate for the precipitation of these hydrothermal minerais and gold mineralization. The ore-related carbonaceous matter displays a low degree of cristallinity, as demonstrated by Raman micro-espectroscopy analysis, and shows more significant concentrations where the Moeda Formation metaconglomerates are thinner (e.g. Unit I), that is, in paleo channel related to structural highs. Pyrite overgrowth, rounded compact pyrite, rounded porous pyrite and euhedrical pyrite are the most frequent types of pyrite observed in the mineralized reefs, in which trace element analyses and sulphur isotopic studies were undertaken. The average concentrations of As (O, 13at%) and Ni (0,08at%) in the different types of pyrite are generally higher than the values of these elements obtained in pyrite from gold deposits (As=0,07at%; Ni=0,007at%) of the Rio das Velhas Supergrupo, considered as a source area from the metaconglomeratic pyrites. Additionally , d34S values ranging from -13%0 to -20%0 indicate a diagenetic origin for the rounded pyrite of the Batatal Formation, implying that being rounded is not a necessary pre-requisite to support a detritic origin. The porous pyrite rich with inclusions of carbonaceous matter shows d34S values between 2%0 and 4 %O, close to those d34S values, yilded by the pyrite yielded by the pyrite from the Rio das Velhas Supergroup gold deposits. Nevertheless, the former contains higher concentrations of As and Ni than the latter, whose values rarely exceed 0,23at% for As and tclose to O at% for Ni. The compact pyrite in the mineralized reefs displays d34S values ranging from -6%0 to 9%0. Reasons to explain this large d34S interval include (1) a detritic origin of the pyrite, with the large 034S variation attributed to the existence of different source areas (Hallbauer,1986; England et aI., 2002); (2) bacterial reduction of the seawater S04 to H2S (Ohmoto et aI., 1993; Strauss e Beukes, 1996); (3) mixing of oxidizíng (S04-bearing) and reducing (H2S-bearing) fluids during diagenesis or hydrothermal event. Alternative (1) implies that the atmosphere was reducing in the Archean, whereas an oxidizing nature for the Archean atmosphere has to be considered for (2) and (3). Gold occurs mainly confined to fractures, together with pyrophyllite, in rounded pyrite, in paragenesis with pyrophyllite, chlorite and skeletal pyrite (possible replacement of the carbonaceous matter), and as inclusions or fractures in overgrowth pyrite. These modes of occurrence of the gold, together with its absence in rounded compact pyrite, suggest that part of the mineralization was epigenetic and linked to the influence of hydrothermal fluids. Thus, shear zones, carbonaceous matter and the presence of conglomerate layers rich in Fe-Mg minerais seem to have played an important role in the precipitation of the gold by hydrothermal fluids. In this context, the gold occurrences and deposits hosted by the Moeda Formation metaconglomerates are interpreted as paleoplacer deposits, highly modified by hydrothermal processes along shear zones, or typical shear zone-hosted gold deposits. Gold may have been remobilized both from the host rock and from rocks of the Rio das Velhas Supergroup. Considering the depositional aspects related to the metaconglomerates, the conspicuous occurrence of carbonaceous matter in the ore zones, the presence of bedding-parallel shear zones and the similarities with Witwatersrand, possible potential areas to contain conglomerate-hosted gold mineralization are the southern sector of the Gandarela Syncline and western sector of the Ouro Fino Syncline / Doutorado / Metalogenese / Doutor em Ciências

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