Thesis (Ph. D.)--Open University. BLDSC no. DX225509.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cleveland State University, 2008. / Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 8, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-126). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 152 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

A nuclear microprobe, typically consisting of 2 - 4 quadrupole magnetic lenses and apertures serving as objective and a collimating divergence slits, focuses MeV ions to approximately 1 x 1 μm for modification and analysis of materials. Although far less utilized, electrostatic quadrupole fields similarly afford strong focusing of ions and have the added benefit of doing so independent of ion mass. Instead, electrostatic quadrupole focusing exhibits energy dependence on focusing ions. A heavy ion microprobe could extend the spatial resolution of conventional microprobe techniques to masses untenable by quadrupole magnetic fields. An electrostatic quadrupole doublet focusing system has been designed and constructed using several non-conventional methods and materials for a wide range of microprobe applications. The system was modeled using the software package "Propagate Rays and Aberrations by Matrices" which quantifies system specific parameters such as demagnification and intrinsic aberrations. Direct experimental verification was obtained for several of the parameters associated with the system. Details of the project and with specific applications of the system are presented.

The aim of this research project was to assemble an apparatus to measure the electric quadrupole moments of gas molecules using the technique of electricfield- gradient-induced birefringence, or the Buckingham effect. Comprehensive research by various workers in the field has shown that this technique provides the only direct means of obtaining the quadrupole moment of a molecule. Theory has shown that the most accurate determination of the electric quadrupole moment is through a study of the temperature dependence of the effect. This not only allows for the quadrupole moment to be obtained but also enables the temperature-independent quadrupole hyperpolarisability term to be extracted. Both the quadrupole moment and the hyperpolarisabilty provide valuable information in a variety of applications, including intermolecular forces, electrostatic potentials and non-linear optical phenomena. This thesis fully describes the apparatus used in these measurements, including a description of the custom built oven that allowed for measurements to be performed over a temperature range spanning from 25"C up to 200"C. Results for the quadrupole moments and quadrupole hyperpolarisabilities of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and hydrogen are presented, together with a quadrupole moment for carbonyl sulphide from room-temperature measurements. Wherever possible, the results of this work are compared to previously published experimental and theoretical data. / Thesis (PhD) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009.