Bakgrund: Uppfattningen har länge varit att Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, är en diagnos som växer bort och inte kvarstår in i vuxenlivet och därav har forskning runt ADHD, fram till det senaste decenniet, nästan uteslutande bedrivits runt barn. Då symtomyttringen ter sig annorlunda hos vuxna än hos barn saknas kunskap och förståelse bland annat inom vården och om hur dessa vuxna ska vårdas och bemötas. För att vårda vuxna med ADHD på ett medmänskligt sätt behövs kunskap om hur de upplever sin hälsa mätt som livskvalitet.  Syfte: Studien syftar till att beskriva hur vuxnas livskvalitet påverkas av ADHD. Metod: Litteraturstudie med kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar som underlag. Materialet har analyserats med WHO:s definition av livskvalitet med dess sex olika domäner som utgångspunkt. Resultat: Livskvaliteten hos vuxna med ADHD påverkades negativt inom samtliga domäner. Positiva aspekter framkom under domänen psykiskt välbefinnande och grad av oberoende. Vuxna som diagnostiserats i tidig ålder har högre livskvalitet än de som får diagnosen senare i livet. Slutsats: Vuxna med diagnosen har en generellt lägre livskvalitet jämfört med om de varit utan diagnosen. Tidig diagnostisering och kontinuerligt stöd är faktorer som kan öka livskvaliteten för vuxna med ADHD. / Background: Previous perceptions of the ADHD-diagnosis are that children grow out of it; therefore research about ADHD, until the last decade, has been conducted almost exclusively around children. Since symptoms appear differently in adults and children there’s a lacking in knowledge and understanding from amongst other the care system in how these adults should be treated and cared for. Caring for adults with ADHD in the most humane manner possible requires knowledge in how they perceive their health measured in quality of life. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how adult’s quality of life is affected by ADHD. Method: A literature review based on both qualitative and quantitative studies. The collected data is analyzed using WHOs’ definition of quality of life with its six domains as a foundation. Results: The quality of life in adults with ADHD was negatively affected by their diagnosis in all the six domains. Positive aspects of the diagnosis where found under the domains Psychological well-being and Level of independence. Adults diagnosed at an early age generally have a higher quality of life than those who are diagnosed later in life. Conclusion: Adults with ADHD-diagnosis have a generally lower quality of life than those without the diagnosis. Early diagnosis and continuous support are factors that can increase the quality of life for adults with ADHD. / <p>Röda Korsets sjuksköterskeförening stipendium juni 2015</p>

The purpose of this study is to describe how nurses in Kerala experience the caring of terminally ill patients and how the nurses provide care to promote the wellbeing among these patients. Being terminally ill is threatening for the quality of life and palliative care is important to promote the wellbeing of the patient. The number of immigrants in Sweden is increasing which makes it relevant to study various cultures to acknowledge patients’ different needs and wishes. Six registered nurses in one hospital in Kerala, India, were interviewed. All the nurses had experience of palliative care. The interviews were recorded and analyzed using an inductive approach. Three categories emerged from the analyzed material and they were; loneliness, wellbeing and dealing with work related emotions. It was evident in the result that the nurses found it important to care for the patient’s physical and psychological needs to promote the wellbeing. The result also showed that encountering patients like a fellow human being is essential when treating terminally ill patients, which is especially important to prevent feelings of loneliness. It is important to care for the patient’s emotional and basic needs. To care with a holistic perspective it is essential treat the patient like a fellow human being.

published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing in Advanced Practice

published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing in Advanced Practice

Objective The goal of this study is to report on the linguistic validation and reliability of the Hong Kong Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) End-stage Renal Disease Module for Children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Hong Kong, and its use to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in end-stage renal disease children receiving different treatment modalities: peritoneal dialysis, haemodialysis and renal transplantation. Methods In part 1, forward and backward translations following a stringent validation protocol produced the Chinese translation version. Content validity of the translated instrument was assessed. In part 2, internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by 38 pairs of parents and children with end-stage renal disease aged 5 to 18. The data was further analysed according to different treatment modalities. Results The translated Hong Kong Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory ™ (PedsQL™) End-stage Renal Disease Module (PedsQL™ 3.0 ESRD Module-HKC) was found to have good content validity and was acceptable to most patients and parents. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach’s α = 0.91 in Patient version and = 0.94 in Parent version). Test-retest reliability, determined with the intraclass correlation coefficients, was excellent (0.89 in Patient version and 0.93 in Parent version). It was found that there was significant better HRQOL in patient received renal transplantation compared with Dialysis (peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis, p=0.006.) Conclusions This study suggested good content validity, internal consistency, and reliability of the Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory ™ (PedsQL™) End-stage Renal Disease Module (PedsQL™ 3.0 ESRD Module-HKC). It opened a new dimension of health care assessment for end-stage renal disease children in Hong Kong. Transplantation was reported to have a significant better quality of life score. Further studies with larger samples should be performed to confirm the psychometric properties of this translated instrument. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that brings physical and psychological turmoil to patients. Neuropsychiatric (NP) involvement in SLE also complicates disease management compared with non-NP SLE. The joint pain caused by the dysfunctional inflammatory response, as well as the negative mood induced by the disease have been found to predict the patients’ quality of life. The primary goal of this study is to examine the mediation effect of negative mood on the relationship between pain and quality of life in patients with SLE based on a biopsychosocial approach. Results revealed that negative mood partially mediated the relationship between pain and the physical aspect of quality of life. On the other hand, negative mood completely mediated the relationship between pain and psychological health. The mediation relationship lends support to the biopsychosocial perspective that physical distress, psychological state, and one’s adaptive functioning are closely related. The secondary goal of this study is to explore the effect of NP involvement in patients with SLE on self-report variables, including perceived pain intensity, negative mood, fatigue, sleep quality, perceived cognitive difficulties, and quality of life in comparison with patients with non-NP SLE as well as with healthy controls. / published_or_final_version / Clinical Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Objectives: To investigate the influences of dental treatment on change in oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) among older adults, an instrument to measure oral health impacts on daily living (OHIDL) and the change in the impact after dental treatment was developed and validated. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted among older adults aged 55+ years. Information on their perceived oral health impacts was collected through semi-structured interview. The dimensions of OHIDL and the relevant items were identified through thematic framework approach. The OHIDL measured oral health impacts with intensity and bother measurements and the change in oral health impacts was assessed through transition scale. OHIDL was administrated through face-to-face interviews to older adults who attended dental clinics for general dental treatments at baseline and 1-3 months after the treatment. Construct validity was assessed through convergent, divergent and factorial validity. Criterion and longitudinal validity were investigated through assessing the correlation between the measurements and the global questions. Reliability was assessed through Cronbach’s α and test-retest correlation respectively. The relationships between oral health problems, perceived oral health impacts, dental treatment received, and change in the impacts were explored. Linear regression model was used to investigate the treatment effect in changing OHQoL. Results: In the qualitative study, 22 women and 17 men were interviewed (mean age: 72 years). Twenty items were generated and classified into seven domains: Cleansing, Eating, Speaking, Appearance, Social, Psychological, and Health & Finance. In the quantitative study, 306 subjects (mean age: 70 years) completed the interviews at baseline. Three items with over 90% of the subjects reported no impact and two items with poor discriminant validity (100% scaling error) were eliminated. Both intensity and bother measurements demonstrated good construct and criterion validity with the intensity measurement showing better performance and was selected in the OHIDL to reduce the respondents’ burden. At the follow-up evaluation, 56 subjects without receiving any treatment were excluded and 176 subjects were re-interviewed after the dental treatment. The transition scale showed good longitudinal validity. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the intensity and transition measurements were 0.88 and 0.87, respectively. The test-retest correlation for each item as measured by intensity and transition measurement ranged from 0.35 to 1.00 and 0.28 to 0.998, respectively. Compared to baseline, the mean number of oral health problems was significantly decreased from 4.80 to 2.73 (p < 0.05). Most of the subjects rated the overall perceived oral health impacts as improved (58%), the total transition score ranged from -11 to 39 with a mean value of 4.79 (SD = 8.02), which was over the threshold of MCID (3.3). Patients who perceived more oral health impacts at baseline and had received endodontic treatment had more improvement in the perceived oral health impacts. Conclusion: OHIDL is valid and reliable in measuring the oral health impacts on daily life and the change of the impacts after dental treatment. In this study, after receiving dental treatment, older adults perceived fewer oral health problems and positive change in the oral health impacts on daily living. / published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

This study examined the effectiveness of a hope-based intervention on hope, subjective well-being, goal attainment and degree of goal internalization in a sample of primary 6 students from Hong Kong. Participants were randomly assigned to either intervention condition or control condition. Results from ANCOVAs suggested that there were no main intervention effects on hope and on goal attainment. However, participants benefited from internalizing their self-set goal in the intervention. Concerning the intervention effect on subjective well-being, significant interaction was found. Consistent with the dynamical systems model, regression analyses demonstrated that participants with high initial pleasant affect was more responsive to the intervention and benefited the most in terms of latter pleasant affect. In addition, it was found that goal attainment was significantly associated with subjective well-being and hopeful thinking. Possible explanations for the inconsistent findings with previous studies are provided. Implications for future research on hope-based intervention are also discussed. / published_or_final_version / Educational Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Background Insomnia is a common and increasing illness among general population all over the world. With insomnia, patients would more likely to have physical, social dysfunction and mood disorders, and even have increased risk of accidents. Therefore, identifying the harm of insomnia and improving the quality of life of patients are very important. Objectives The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate quality of life in patients affected with insomnia. Particularly focuses on the following two question: 1) How insomnia impact quality of life in patients with insomnia. 2) What factors affect quality of life among people with insomnia, such as demographic factors, physical and psychological factors. Methods Systematic reviewing the articles from 1990 to 2013 in PubMed and Medline, which evaluated the quality of life in patients affected with insomnia, using the keywords “insomnia” AND “quality of life”. Results and Discussion There were 9 articles have been included in this review. The year were ranged from 1998 to 2012,8 out of 9 papers had the average age ranged from 42-57 year old. Insomnia significantly related to all of the eight domains and PCS,MCS of QOL negatively, and both of the severity of insomnia and the number of sleep problems have negative impact on QOL. Moreover, regarding the factors which affect QOL of patients, older, female, not married, smoking, drinking, psychiatric disorders and without treatment were associated with lower QOL. Furthermore, regarding the future directions, in Hong Kong the application of the results in this review is appropriate but still need more studies which evaluating the associated factors of insomniacs’ QOL with validated Chinese version QOL measures. Conclusion There was a negative relationship between insomnia and quality of life, and the severity of insomnia and the number of sleep problems had negative impact on quality of life. Particularly, older, female, single statuse, smoking, drinking, psychiatric disorders had negative influence on patients’s QOL. Regarding the control strategies, using appropriate medical treatment under physician guidance, consultation of mental disorders, increasing the public awareness of the harm of insomnia play a pivotal role in reduce the impairment of insomnia. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

No description available.