Esta dissertação apresenta a construção de um protótipo de servidor Web distribuído, baseado no modelo de servidor Web com diferenciação de serviços (SWDS) e a implementação e avaliação de algoritmos de seleção, utilizando o conceito de controle de congestionamento para requisições HTTP. Com isso, além de implementar uma plataforma de testes, este trabalho também avalia o comportamento de dois algoritmos de controle de congestionamento. Os dois algoritmos estudados são chamados de Drop Tail e RED (Random Early Detection), no qual são bastante difundidos na literatura científica e aplicados em redes de computadores. Os resultados obtidos demostram que, apesar das particularidades de cada algoritmo, existe uma grande relação entre tempo de resposta e a quantidade de requisições aceitas / This MSc dissertation presents the implementation of a prototype for a distributed web server based on the SWDS, a model for a web server with service differentiation, and the implementation and evaluation of selection algorithms adopting the concept of congestion control for HTTP requests. Thus, besides implementing a test platform this work also evaluates the behavior of two congestion control algorithms. The two algorithms studied are the Drop Tail and the RED (Random Early Detection), which are frequently discussed in the scientific literature and widely applied in computer networks. The results obtained show that, although the particularities of each algorithm, there is a strong relation between the response times and the amount of requests accepted in the server

A grande evolução nos sistemas de comunicação, relacionados à transmissão de conteúdo multimídia nas redes de comunicação de dados e de transmissão de TV, demanda soluções de gerência da qualidade de serviço fim-a-fim. Diante deste cenário é proposta nesse trabalho a definição, implementação e validação de uma solução para monitoramento de transmissão de mídia que permite ser aplicada em arquiteturas de redes heterogêneas. Essas redes possuem a característica de integrar diversas tecnologias de redes de comunicação de dados e de telecomunicações, envolvendo redes modernas e antigas, padronizadas e proprietárias. Este trabalho apresenta um sistema de monitoramento para transmissão de TV Digital em ambientes heterogêneos convergentes, isto é, redes que utilizam tecnologias e meios de transmissão distintos para transmissão de vários tipos de fluxos, e com foco na aplicação TV Digital. Para isso, são discutidos aspectos fundamentais para o monitoramento de fluxo de TV Digital neste tipo de rede e é feita uma análise da comunicação entre os subsistemas do ambiente. O sistema de monitoramento possui uma arquitetura definida que se baseia no protocolo RTP Real-time Transport Protocol, para suportar a transmissão de mídias, como áudio e vídeo, em redes heterogêneas. A fim de validar esta arquitetura foi implementado um protótipo, como prova de conceito, que obtém dados através da base de informações de gerência (MIB) RTP. Os resultados gerados pelo protótipo consolidam informações relativas à variação de atraso em uma interface web de gerenciamento através de monitores distribuídos pela rede. / The great evolution in the telecommunication systems related to the transmission of multimidia contents in the data communication networks and TV transmission, demands management solutions in which regards quality of end-to-end services. Taking this scenario into consideration, it is proposed in this work the definition and implementation of a solution to monitor media transmition that can be applied to heterogeneous network architectures. The feature of such networks is to integrate different data communication network technologies and telecommunication, involving legacy and modern networks, standarized and proprietary. This work presents a monitoring system for digital TV transmission in heterogeneous converging environments, that is, networks that use different technologies and transmission means for the Digital TV application. Therefore, key aspects for monitoring the digital TV flow in this kind of network are pointed out, as well as an analysis of the communication among the environment subsystems. The monitoring system has a defined architecture, based on the RTP Real-time Transport Protocol, to support the media transmission, such as audio and video, in heterogeneous networks. In order to validate this architecture, a prototype was implemented, as concept evidence, that obtains data from the management information base (MIB) RTP. The results generated by the prototype consolidate information related to the delay variation (jitter) in a management web interface through monitors distributed around the network.

Este trabalho de doutorado tem como objetivo principal mostrar que a abstração de redes de sensores, por meio de arquiteturas orientadas a serviço, pode impor alguma degradação do desempenho, mas não inviabiliza a maioria das aplicações. A metodologia utilizada na condução deste trabalho consta de experimentos que realizam avaliações de desempenho que analisam o comportamento de diferentes mecanismos de exposição de redes de sensores, bem como avalia três dos principais serviços do modelo de interfaces do Sensor Web Enablement (SWE). Os resultados obtidos mostram diferenças de desempenho significativas entre os métodos de acesso considerados. Esses resultados ainda mostram que a sobrecarga gerada não é significativa se comparada com a frequência de obtenção de observações da maioria das redes de sensores. Visando minimizar os problemas de desempenho impostos pelo framework SWE é proposta e implementada uma arquitetura de provisão de qualidade de serviço (QoS), denominada Sensor Web Architecture (SWARCH). Um estudo de caso da SWARCH demonstra que é possível reduzir os tempos de resposta no acesso aos serviços do SWE por meio de um Broker que monitora constantemente diferentes provedores de serviços / This PhD work aims to show that the abstraction of sensor networks, by means of service-oriented architectures, may impose some performance degradation, but it does not invalidate most applications. The methodology used to conduct this research consists of experiments that realize performance evaluations that analyze the behavior of different mechanisms of exposure of sensor networks, and evaluates the three major services of the Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) model interfaces. The results show significant differences in performance between the methods of considered access. The results also show that the generated overhead is not significant when compared with the frequency of obtaining observations of most wireless sensor networks. Aiming to minimize the performance issues imposed by the SWE framework, an architecture providing quality of service (QoS) called Sensor Web Architecture (SWARCH) is proposed and implemented. A case study of SWARCH demonstrates that it is possible to reduce response times when accessing the SWE services through a Broker that constantly monitors various service providers

Atualmente o acesso a um ambiente de computação em nuvem é fornecido sob demanda, o que permite que provedores ofereçam serviços de forma elástica aos clientes. Embora a nuvem permita uma abstração do comportamento da infraestrutura (lógica e física) dos provedores de serviços, nem sempre é possível oferecer serviços aos clientes de modo que os provedores consigam cumprir adequadamente os acordos de níveis de serviços. Para permitir o cumprimento desses contratos, provedores de serviços precisam de mecanismos que envolvam algoritmos de balanceamento de carga, com o objetivo de fornecer uma distribuição eficiente da carga para os recursos disponíveis. Entretanto, os trabalhos presentes na literatura não abordam de forma adequada o problema de equacionamento de recursos em função das necessidades dos clientes, pois consideram em sua maioria um conjunto limitado de objetivos a serem analisados e cumpridos. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste projeto de mestrado foi desenvolver e avaliar algoritmos disponíveis na literatura que abordem a otimização combinatória para o provisionamento de recursos computacionais, buscando otimizar o uso eficiente da infraestrutura e cumprir os acordos de nível de serviço definidos entre clientes e provedores. / Currently the access to a cloud computing environment is provided on demand, which allows providers to offer elasticity services to customers. Although the cloud allows an abstraction of the infrastructure behavior of the service providers (logical and physical), the fulfillment of the Service Level Agreements (SLAs) is challenging, because according with the demand and system configuration, the providers cannot ensure the customers requirements. There is a necessity of mechanisms that consider load balancing algorithms to provide an efficient load distribution in the available resources. However, the papers available in the literature do not efficiently address the problem of resource equation considering the customers requirements, because they consider a limited set of objectives to be analysed and fulfilled. Therefore, this master project aims to develop and evaluate algorithms available in the literature that address the combinatorial optimization and the multi-objective approach to handle the computational resources during the execution time, trying to optimize the efficient use of the resources available in the infrastructure and fulfill the service level agreements defined between the clients and providers.

Este projeto de mestrado aborda a utilização de recursos daWeb Semântica na seleção de informações sobre Web Services no registro UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration). Esse registro possui a limitação de apenas armazenar informações funcionais de Web Services. As informações não funcionais que incluem as informações de qualidade de serviço (QoS - Quality of Service) não são contempladas e dessa forma dificulta a escolha do melhor serviço pelos clientes. Neste projeto, a representação da base de conhecimento com informações sobre os provedores, clientes, acordos, serviços e a qualidade dos serviços prestados foi feita por meio de uma ontologia. Essa ontologia é utilizada pelo módulo UDOnt-Q (Universal Discovery with Ontology and QoS) que foi projetado para servir de plataforma para algoritmos de busca e composição de serviços com qualidade. Embora a utilização de semântica possa ser empregada para a composição e automatização de serviços, o foco deste trabalho é a garantia de qualidade de serviço em Web Services. Os algoritmos desenvolvidos empregam recursos da Web Semântica para classificar e selecionar os Web Services adequados de acordo com as informações de qualidade que estão armazenados na ontologia. O módulo e os algoritmos foram submetidos a avaliações de desempenho que revelaram problemas de desempenho com relação a abordagem adotada durante o processo de inferência da ontologia. Tal processo é utilizado para a classificação das informações dos elementos presentes na ontologia. Contudo, uma vez que as informações foram inferidas, o processo de busca e seleção de serviços comprovou a viabilidade de utilização do módulo e de um dos seus algoritmos de seleção / This master project addresses the use of Semantic Web resources in the selection of information about Web Services in UDDI registry (Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration). This registry has the limitation of only storing functional information of Web Services. The nonfunctional information that includes the quality of service information (QoS - Quality of Service) is not covered and thus it is complicate to choose the best service for customers. In this project, the representation of the knowledge base with information about the providers, customers, agreements, services and quality of services has been made through an ontology. This ontology is used by the module UDOnt-Q (Universal Discovery with Ontology and QoS) that was designed to serve as a platform for search algorithms and composition of services with quality. Although the use of semantics can be adopted for the composition and automation of services, the focus of this work is to guarantee quality of service in Web Services. The developed algorithms employ SemanticWeb resources to classify and select the appropriate Web Services according to the quality information that is stored in the ontology. The module and the algorithms have been subjected to performance evaluations that revealed performance problems in relation to the approach taken during the ontology inference process. This process is used for classification of information of the elements present in the ontology. However, since the information was inferred, the process of search and selection services proved the viability of using the module and one of its selection algorithms

El presente trabajo de investigación es un análisis que ayuda a poder medir el grado o intensidad entre dos o más variables con el fin de mejorar la gestión de la logística del abastecimiento en los aspectos de evaluación, selección y control de desempeño logístico. En la metodología empleada, básicamente se ha empleado la investigación científica, para identificar las causas originadas dentro de la gestión logística. The present research work is an analysis that helps to measure the degree or intensity between two or more variables in order to improve the logistics management of the provision in the evaluation, selection and performance control aspects logistic. In the methodology used, basically scientific research has been used, to identify the causes originated within the logistics management.

Despite the huge success and adoption of computer networks in the recent decades, traditional network architecture falls short of some requirements by many applications. One particular shortcoming is the lack of convenient methods for providing quality of service (QoS) guarantee to various network applications. In this dissertation, we explore new Software-Defined Networking (SDN) mechanisms to provision QoS to targeted network flows. Our study contributes to providing QoS support to applications in three aspects. First, we explore using alternative routing paths for selected flows that have QoS requirements. Instead of using the default shortest path used by the current network routing protocols, we investigate using the SDN controller to install forwarding rules in switches that can achieve higher bandwidth. Second, we develop new mechanisms for guaranteeing the latency requirement by those applications depending on timely delivery of sensor data and control signals. The new mechanism pre-allocates higher priority queues in routers/switches and reserves these queues for control/sensor traffic. Third, we explore how to make the applications take advantage of the opportunity provided by SDN. In particular, we study new transmission mechanisms for big data transfer in the cloud computing environment. Instead of using a single TCP path to transfer data, we investigate how to let the application set up multiple TCP paths for the same application to achieve higher throughput. We evaluate these new mechanisms with experiments and compare them with existing approaches.

El objetivo que se logró en la presente investigación consistió en determinar la relación que existe entre cultura organizacional y calidad de servicio en el sector de transporte marítimo en la empresa Maersk Line Perú, en el distrito de Lima, en el año 2018. El tipo de investigación fue de enfoque cuantitativo y a un nivel correlacional; cuyo diseño fue descriptivo -correlacional no experimental, y transeccional. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta, y el instrumento de recolección de datos fue el cuestionario estructurado, la población muestral censal estuvo conformada por 50 trabajadores y se realizó la operacionalización de variables y se consignaron los aspectos éticos de la investigación. Los resultados son: el 50% de encuestados optaron por la posición neutral en la variable cultura organizacional, el 52% decidieron por la posición neutral en la cultura burocrática, el 54% decidieron por la posición neutral en la cultura de clan, el 54% opinaron positivamente por la cultura emprendedora, el 56% afirmaron optar por posición neutral en la cultura de mercado, el 54% opinaron por la posición neutral en la calidad del servicio, el 68% decidieron por el nivel neutral referente a la capacidad del personal, el 62% indicaron por la posición neutral referente a la cortesía y amabilidad, el 66% adoptaron la posición neutral en relación a la credibilidad. Conclusión: Queda determinada la relación que existe entre cultura organizacional y calidad de servicio en el sector transporte marítimo en la empresa Maersk Line Perú, en el distrito de Lima, en el año 2018. Dado que el valor de Chi Cuadrado=118,965 con un grado de libertad gl. =4 y un p=0,001; porque se ha verificado que existe evidencia suficiente para concluir que existe relación significativa entre las variables cultura organizacional y calidad de servicio en la empresa Maersk Line Perú (Chi cuadrado, ***p = 0,001). También según la prueba de correlación de Spearman = 0.300 (***p = 0,034), se concluye que existe correlación directa y significativa entre las variables. / The objective that was achieved in the following investigation consisted in determine the relationship that exists between organizational culture and quality of service in the maritime transport sector in the company Maersk Line Peru, in the district of Lima, in 2018. The type of research was of quantitative approach and correlational level; whose design was descriptive-correlational, not experimental, and transversal. The technique used was the survey, and the data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire, the census sample population consisted of 50 workers; the variables were operationalized and the ethical aspects of the research were consigned. Results: 50% of respondents opted for the neutral position in the organizational culture variable, 52% decided for the neutral position in the bureaucratic culture, 54% decided for the neutral position in the clan culture, 54% thought positively for the entrepreneurial culture, 56% said they opted for a neutral position in the market culture, 54% said they had a neutral position on the quality of service, 68% decided on the neutral level regarding staff capacity, 62% % indicated by the neutral position regarding the courtesy and kindness, 66% adopted the neutral position in relation to the credibility. Conclusion: It is determinate that there is a relationship between organizational culture and quality of service in the maritime transport sector in Maersk Line Peru, in the district of Lima, in 2018. Since the value of Chi-squared test = 18,965 with a degree of freedom gl. = 4 and one p = 0.001; because it has been verified there is sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a significant relationship between the variables organizational culture and quality of service in Maersk Line Peru, 2018. (Chi-squared, *** p = 0.001). Also, according to the Spearman correlation test = 0.300 (*** p = 0.034), it is concluded that there is a direct and significant correlation between the variables. / Tesis

Improving end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) in existing network systems is a fundamental problem, as it can be affected by many factors, including congestion, packet scheduling, attacks, and air-time allocation. This dissertation addresses QoS in two critical environments: home WiFi and cloud networks. In home networks, we focus on improving QoS over WiFi networks, the dominant means for home Internet access. Three major reasons for end-to-end QoS efforts fail in WiFi networks are its: 1) inherent wireless channel characteristics, 2) approach to access control of the shared broadcast channel, and 3) impact on transport layer protocols, such as TCP, that operate end-to-end, and over-react to the loss or delay caused by the single WiFi link. We present our cross-layer design, Virtual Wire, leveraging the philosophy of centralization in modern networking to address the problem at the point of entry/egress into the WiFi network. Based on network conditions measured from buffer sizes, airtime, and throughput, flows are scheduled to the optimal utility. Unlike most existing WiFi QoS approaches, our design only relies on transparent modifications, requiring no changes to the network (including link layer) protocols, applications, or user intervention. Through extensive experimental investigation, we show that our design significantly enhances the reliability and predictability of WiFi performance, providing a ``virtual wire''-like link to the targeted application. In cloud networks, we explore mechanisms to improve availability during DDoS attacks. The availability of cloud servers is impacted when excessive loads induced by DDoS attacks cause the servers to crash or respond too slowly to legitimate session requests. We model and analyze the effectiveness of a shuffling mechanism: the periodic, randomized re-assignment of users to servers. This shuffling mechanism not only complicates malicious users’ abilities to target specific servers but also, over time, allows a system to identify who the malicious users are. We design and evaluate improved classifiers which can, with statistical accuracy and well-defined levels of confidence, identify malicious users. We also propose and explore the effectiveness of a two-tiered system in which servers are partitioned in two, where one partition serves only ”filtered” users who have demonstrated non-malicious behavior. Our results show how shuffling with these novel classifiers can improve the QoS of the system, which is evaluated by the survival probability, the probability of a legitimate session not being affected by attacks.

The motivation for the research carried out was to develop a rule based traffic management scheme for DiffServ networks with a view to introducing QoS (Quality of Service). This required definition of rules for congestion management/control based on the type and nature of IP traffic encountered, and then constructing and storing these rules to enable future access for application and enforcement. We first developed the required rule base and then developed the software based mobile agents using the Java (RMI) application package, for accessing these rules for application and enforcement. Consequently, these mobile agents act as smart traffic managers at nodes/routers in the computer based communication network and manage congestion.