Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaellaRML_TESE.pdf: 8295790 bytes, checksum: d869daa8e386857296c93d9776704d7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Garlic is one of the vegetables of great economic and social relevance in Brazil. Among the consumer states, Rio Grande do Norte, especially, despite having regions with favorable conditions for growing garlic, currently, depends on imports of this product to meet its domestic demand. The introduction of more productive and quality cultivars, better market acceptance, and adjustments of vernalization technology, a key issue for adaptation of new cultivars, are mechanisms that can contribute to garlic revitalization in areas previously producing this vegetable. In order to evaluate the development, production and quality semi-noble garlic cultivars under different periods of pre-planting vernalization of seed bulbs in two city in the Mesoregion West Potiguar, we developed two experiments, simultaneously in Baraúna and Governador Dix-sept Rosado, between the months of April and November 2012. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a split plot, being the plots represented by semi-noble cultivars Gigante do Núcleo and BRS Hozan and subplots consisted by periods of vernalization before planting the seed bulbs at 4 ± 1 ° C: 0, 10, 20 and 30 days. We evaluated: plants emergency, plant height, leaf number, cultural cycle, final stand, mass fresh total, percentage of bulbs differentiation of bulbils, bulbils number, classification of bulbils, bulb average weight, yield total, classification bulbs, diameter of bulb, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, pungency, total solids and industrial index. The vernalization did not provide increases significant in productivity, however, the use of 10 day of the vernalization pre-planting seed bulbs allowed in improving the quality of garlic semi-noble produced in Baraúna and Governador Dix-sept Rosado. The cultivars Gigante do Núcleo (4.56 t ha-1) and BRS Hozan (4.42 t ha-1) had higher yields in Baraúna. In this city, garlic produced showed greater diameter, pungency and total solids, with higher industrial index therefore better quality for industrialization (processing or dehydration) / O alho é uma das hortaliças de grande relevância econômica e social no Brasil. Entre os estados consumidores, o Rio Grande do Norte, especialmente, apesar de apresentar regiões com condições favoráveis ao cultivo de alho, atualmente, depende da importação deste produto para atender a sua demanda interna. A introdução de cultivares mais produtivas e de qualidade, com melhor aceitação de mercado, e ajustes da tecnologia de vernalização, ponto fundamental para adaptação de novas cultivares, são mecanismos que podem contribuir para revitalização do alho em regiões, anteriormente produtoras desta hortaliça. Com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento, produção e qualidade de cultivares de alho semi-nobre, submetidas a diferentes períodos de vernalização pré-plantio dos bulbos-semente em dois municípios da Mesorregião Oeste Potiguar, desenvolveram-se dois experimentos, simultaneamente, em Baraúna e Governador Dix-sept Rosado, entre os meses de abril e novembro de 2012. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas representadas pelas cultivares semi-nobres Gigante do Núcleo e BRS Hozan e as subparcelas constituídas pelos períodos de vernalização pré-plantio dos bulbos-semente à 4 ± 1 ºC: 0, 10, 20 e 30 dias. Foram avaliados: emergência de plantas, altura de plantas, número de folhas, ciclo cultural, estande final, massa fresca total, percentagem de bulbos com diferenciação de bulbilhos, número de bulbilhos, classificação de bulbilhos, massa média de bulbos, produtividade total, classificação de bulbos, diâmetro de bulbos, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares solúveis totais, açúcares redutores, pungência, sólidos totais e índice industrial. A vernalização não proporcionou aumentos significativos na produtividade, entretanto o uso de 10 dias de vernalização pré-plantio dos bulbos-semente possibilitou incrementos na qualidade do alho semi-nobre produzido em Baraúna e Governador Dix-sept Rosado. As cultivares Gigante do Núcleo (4,56 t ha-1) e BRS Hozan (4,42 t ha-1) apresentaram maior produtividade em Baraúna. Neste município, o alho produzido apresentou maior diâmetro, além de pungência e sólidos totais, com índice industrial mais elevado e, portanto, melhor qualidade para industrialização (processamento ou desidratação)

This thesis is called "Management of project activities in the enterprises of light industry" and deals with the analysis of the management of project activities, including procurement assessment made objects in terms of quantity and quality, time and cost. The theoretical part is included research issues relating to the manufacture, production processes and their associated characteristics. The practical part describes the characteristics of a social organization, the analysis of manufacturing processes aimed at product realization, production planning, resource management, preparation and production management and quality policy, including an analysis of the produced object. On the basis of these analyzes were set out proposals for a more effective management of the company and improve the functioning of the company in the long run.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-11-07T18:31:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao - Frederico Mendes Caetano - 2016.pdf: 1996887 bytes, checksum: e4f453dc907cbf1a8af3bda5145b5caf (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-11-08T17:47:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao - Frederico Mendes Caetano - 2016.pdf: 1996887 bytes, checksum: e4f453dc907cbf1a8af3bda5145b5caf (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-08T17:47:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao - Frederico Mendes Caetano - 2016.pdf: 1996887 bytes, checksum: e4f453dc907cbf1a8af3bda5145b5caf (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-27 / Despite the importance of the dairy industry chain to Brazil, producers still have difficulty to fit the parameters and quality terms of the Normative Instructions 51, 62 and paragraph 07 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA). Besides, the national productivity is much lower than the major world producers. Thus, the payment for quality is a strong influencer for the production of milk with quality, and the Somatic Cell Count (SCC) directly linked to mastitis, which is a major production reduction factor. Therefore, this paper has as the main objective to look for evidences that prove if the quality of refrigerated raw milk impacts the remuneration of farmer/dairy industry X, located in the south of the state of Goiás, regarding two specific aspects: the financial impact of paying for quality, based on indicators that show the total count of bacteria (TCB), somatic cell count (SCC), fat and protein according to Normative Instruction No. 07 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) and the impact of CCS on production. This is an applied research, so by the descriptive statistical method and also the results and researches crossing technique regarding the theme analyzed, in order to verify possible evidence of the relation quality versus remuneration 26,8 thousands samples was analyzed, from November 2011 to May 2016. It was found that there is evidence of the influence of quality on the remuneration of the farmers/dairy industry X, regarding the goodwill, it was higher than the negative goodwill in the years 2011-2015, with an average income of R$ 2,087 million/ month, and negative only for CCS in 2016. The results of the payment for quality proved to be able to motivate the producer to produce milk with quality due to financial increase, causing the producer to add value to its raw material. Regarding the impact of CCS on the production, was found a reduction of 9.84% in the total of milk produced in those five years analyzed, with an average reduction in production of 2,663 million liters per month, resulting in a reduction in income by farmers/dairy industry of R$ 2,972 million per month, being significant the impact of CCS on production. / Apesar da importância da cadeia de lácteos para o Brasil, os produtores ainda tem dificuldade em se enquadrar aos parâmetros e prazos de qualidade das Instruções Normativas 51, 62 e 07, do Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Além disso, a produtividade nacional é muito inferior à dos grandes produtores mundiais. Assim, o pagamento por qualidade vem como forte influenciador para a produção de leite com qualidade, e a Contagem de Células Somáticas (CCS) ligado diretamente à mastite, é um dos principais fatores de redução da produção. Assim sendo, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral, verificar se há evidências de que a qualidade do leite cru refrigerado interfere na remuneração do produtor rural/fornecedor do laticínio X, localizado no Sul do estado de Goiás, no que se refere especificamente a dois aspectos: o impacto financeiro do pagamento por qualidade (remuneração), baseada nos indicadores contagem bacteriana total (CBT), CCS, gordura e proteína de acordo com a IN 07 do MAPA e o impacto do parâmetro CCS na produção. A pesquisa é aplicada, e por meio do método estatístico descritivo e da utilização da técnica de cruzamento de resultados de pesquisas e estudos sobre os temas em análise, para assim observar evidências ou não da relação qualidade x remuneração, analisou-se 26,8 mil amostras, no período de novembro de 2011 a maio de 2016. Constatou-se que há evidências da influência da qualidade sobre a remuneração do produtor rural/fornecedor do laticínio X, em relação ao pagamento por qualidade o resultado de ágio foi maior que deságio nos anos de 2011 a 2015, com resultado médio R$ 2,087 milhões/mês, sendo negativo apenas para CCS em 2016. O pagamento por qualidade se mostrou com resultado capaz de motivar o produtor a produzir leite com qualidade, devido ao incremento financeiro, fazendo com que o mesmo agregue valor à sua matériaprima. Quanto ao impacto da CCS sobre a produção constatou-se uma redução de 9,84% no total de leite produzido no período analisado, com uma redução média na produção de 2,663 milhões de litros/mês, e redução no faturamento para o produtor rural na ordem de R$ 2,972 milhões/mês, um impacto econômico tido como significativo da CCS sobre a produção.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-26T11:47:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Douglas Siqueira Freitas - 2014.pdf: 1490936 bytes, checksum: 760aec6ca100ccf3d644ceaf93ade6ff (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-27T10:44:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Douglas Siqueira Freitas - 2014.pdf: 1490936 bytes, checksum: 760aec6ca100ccf3d644ceaf93ade6ff (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-27T10:44:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Douglas Siqueira Freitas - 2014.pdf: 1490936 bytes, checksum: 760aec6ca100ccf3d644ceaf93ade6ff (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The conservation of native and cultivated soils quality in the Cerrado region, seen by a microbiological point of view, has been discussed with both ecological as productive focus. In this work, the quality of native Cerrado was contrasted with that present in no-tillage system (soybean/sorghum), crop-livestock system (soy/pasture), cultivated coffee, eucalyptus forest and not managed grassland, to form the object of study. Since it is laborious to assess all the physical and chemical parameters that surround the quality of soil and, as the community of fungi and bacteria receive direct influence of these factors, the microbiological study can answer questions about the quality of a native or cultivated system. For this study 10 composite samples were collected within each cropping system on a transect shape, lying 20 meters from each other. The microbial community was evaluated for its density from the quantification of microbial biomass carbon, total carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and total nitrogen. Once is known that the quantitative assessment would not be enough to express the behavior of microbial community, an analysis of the metabolic potential based on degrading capacity of substrates, enzyme assay and basal soil respiration tests were applied. Quantitative data showed that areas of pasture and no-tillage had similar microbial biomass of the soil under native Cerrado (control) but differ significantly in the degradative capacity of substrates and enzyme activity, showing that crops impress selection under microbiota in these areas. / A conservação da qualidade de solos nativos e cultivados na região do Cerrado, vista do ponto de vista microbiológico, tem sido discutida tanto com foco ecológico quanto produtivo. Neste trabalho, a biota do solo sob Cerrado nativo foi contrastada com aquela presente nos sistemas de cultivo plantio direto (soja/sorgo), integração lavoura-pecuária (soja/braquiária), café, floresta de eucalipto cultivada e pastagem não manejada, formando o objeto de estudo. Posto que é laborioso levantar todos os parâmetros físicos e químicos que circundam a qualidade de um solo e como a comunidade de fungos e bactérias sofre influência direta destes fatores, o estudo microbiológico, exclusivamente, pode responder sobre a qualidade de um sistema nativo ou cultivado. Para este estudo foram coletadas 10 amostras compostas dentro de cada sistema de cultivo em forma de transecto, distando 20 metros entre si. A comunidade microbiológica foi avaliada quanto a sua densidade a partir da quantificação do carbono da biomassa microbiana, do carbono total, do nitrogênio da biomassa e do nitrogênio total. Sabendo que a avaliação quantitativa não seria suficiente para expressar o comportamento da comunidade microbiana, a análise do potencial metabólico baseada nos testes de capacidade degradativa de substratos, teste enzimático e respiração basal do solo, foram aplicadas. Os dados quantitativos mostraram que as áreas de pastagem e plantio direto apresentam uma biomassa microbiana semelhante ao solo sob Cerrado nativo (controle) porém divergem significativamente na capacidade degradativa dos substratos e na atividade enzimática, mostrando que o cultivo imprimiu seleção sobre a microbiota nestas áreas.

Récemment, la pyro-gazéification de déchets ménagers solides (DMS) a suscité une plus grande attention, en raison de ses bénéfices potentiels en matière d’émissions polluantes et d’efficacité énergique. Afin de développer un système de traitement de ces déchets, durable et intégré, ce manuscrit s’intéresse plus spécifiquement au développement de la technique de pyro-gazéification des DMS, à la fois sur l’aspect technologique (expérimentations) et sur son évaluation globale (modélisation). Pour cette étude, quatre composants principaux représentatifs des DMS (déchet alimentaire, papier, bois et plastique) ont été pyro-gazéifiés dans un lit fluidisé sous atmosphère N2, CO2 ou vapeur d’eau. Les expériences ont été menées avec les composés seuls ou en mélanges afin de comprendre les interactions mises en jeu et leurs impacts sur la qualité du syngas produit. La présence de plastique améliore significativement la quantité et la qualité du syngas (concentration de H2). La qualité du syngas est améliorée plus particulièrement en présence de vapeur d’eau, ou, dans une moindre mesure, en présence de CO2. Les résultats obtenus ont été ensuite intégrés dans un modèle prédictif de pyro-gazéification basé sur un réseau de neurones artificiels (ANN). Ce modèle prédictif s’avère efficace pour prédire les performances de pyro-gazéification des DMS, quelle que soit leur composition (provenance géographique). Pour améliorer la qualité du syngas et abaisser la température du traitement, la gazéification catalytique in-situ, en présence de CaO, a été menée. L’impact du débit de vapeur d’eau, du ratio massique d’oxyde de calcium, ainsi que de la température de réaction a été étudié en regard de la production (quantité et pourcentage molaire dans le gaz) d’hydrogène. La présence de CaO a permis d’abaisser de 100 oC la température de gazéification, à qualité de syngas équivalente. Pour envisager une application industrielle, l’activité du catalyseur a aussi été évaluée du point de vue de sa désactivation et régénération. Ainsi, les températures de carbonatation et de calcination de 650 oC et 800 oC permettent de prévenir la désactivation du catalyseur, tandis que l’hydratation sous vapeur d’eau permet la régénération. Ensuite, une étude a été dédiée à l’évaluation et à l’optimisation de la technologie de pyro-gazéification par la méthode d’analyse de cycle de vie (ACV). Le système de gazéification permet d’améliorer les indicateurs de performances environnementales comparativement à l’incinération conventionnelle. De plus, des systèmes combinant à la fois la transformation des déchets en vecteur énergétique et la mise en œuvre de ce vecteur ont été modélisés. La pyro-gazéification combinée à une turbine à gaz permettrait de maximiser l’efficacité énergétique et de diminuer l’impact environnemental du traitement. Ainsi, les résultats permettent d’optimiser les voies actuelles de valorisation énergétique, et de d’optimiser les techniques de pyro-gazéification. / Due to the potential benefits in achieving lower environmental emissions and higher energy efficiency, municipal solid waste (MSW) pyro-gasification has gained increasing attentions in the last years. To develop such an integrated and sustainable MSW treatment system, this dissertation mainly focuses on developing MSW pyro-gasification technique, including both experimental-based technological investigation and assessment modeling. Four of the most typical MSW components (wood, paper, food waste and plastic) are pyro-gasified in a fluidized bed reactor under N2, steam or CO2 atmosphere. Single-component and multi-components mixture have been investigated to characterize interactions regarding the high-quality syngas production. The presence of plastic in MSW positively impacts the volume of gas produced as well as its H2 content. Steam clearly increased the syngas quality rather than the CO2 atmosphere. The data acquired have been further applied to establish an artificial neural network (ANN)-based pyro-gasification prediction model. Although MSW composition varies significantly due to geographic differences, the model is robust enough to predict MSW pyro-gasification performance with different waste sources. To further enhance syngas properties and reduce gasification temperature as optimization of pyro-gasification process, MSW steam catalytic gasification is studied using calcium oxide (CaO) as an in-situ catalyst. The influence of CaO addition, steam flowrate and reaction temperature on H2-rich gas production is also investigated. The catalytic gasification using CaO allows a decrease of more than 100 oC in the reaction operating temperature in order to reach the same syngas properties, as compared with non-catalyst high-temperature gasification. Besides, the catalyst activity (de-activation and re-generation mechanisms) is also evaluated in order to facilitate an industrial application. 650 oC and 800 oC are proven to be the most suitable temperature for carbonation and calcination respectively, while steam hydration is shown to be an effective CaO re-generation method. Afterwards, a systematic and comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) study is conducted. Environmental benefits have been achieved by MSW gasification compared with conventional incineration technology. Besides, pyrolysis and gasification processes coupled with various energy utilization cycles are also modeled, with a gasification-gas turbine cycle system exhibits the highest energy conversion efficiency and lowest environmental burden. The results are applied to optimize the current waste-to-energy route, and to develop better pyro-gasification techniques.