Magister Scientiae - MSc (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) / The rapid increase in access to new antiretrovirals (ARVs) worldwide and, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, coupled with the well-documented problem of poor quality ARVs in developing countries has underscored the need for quality assessment of these medicines. South Africa has the worst human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic profile in the world; consequently, it has rolled out the world's largest antiretroviral ARV programme. With increasing market penetration of generic medicine in South Africa and especially ARVs, there is a call for stringent quality control mechanisms following the marketing approval (post-market quality control) of these medications. Unfortunately, evidence suggests that the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendations for this aspect of quality assurance is not met by most Medicine Regulatory Authorities. In South Africa and many other countries this is attributed to a lack of physical and financial resources to enforce effective post-marketing surveillance (PMS) of all pharmaceuticals available in the country.

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In the world there are adverse climates, climates that hinder the good construction and paving of roads, generating insecurity among the locals and visitors. This over time affects the economy of a country, as a road boosts tourism, transport and commerce. Therefore, a mixture was designed to mitigate a problem in the placement of hot asphalt mixture at temperatures below zero degrees Celsius. That is, a conventional mix design was proposed, but with different types of filler (lime, Portland cement type I and silica) tested with the Marshall and Lottman method which are governed according to the EG-2013 standards [1] and parameters established in the Asphalt Institute [2]. To find the optimum, it was tested with 5.0%, 5.5% 6.0% and 6.5% asphalt cement. Then with the results obtained a comparative analysis was performed. Finally, specimens without any additives were made, the specimens once prepared at 140°C were subjected to freezing, resulting in the three types of filler, that the hot asphalt mixture with incorporation of Portland cement type I to a 5, 90% of asphalt cement is the optimum since, subject to extreme temperatures below 0°C they comply with the parameters required in the standards.