This study proposes a framework for simultaneously addressing qualitative and quantitative decision-making criteria during the early stages of the design process. It investigates the features and characteristics in an architectural tool that enable an architect to simultaneously address qualitative and quantitative criteria during the early stages of the design process and the requirements for implementing these features and characteristics inside a tool/working environment. It adopts a four-step methodology based on the qualitative methods of inquiry. These steps include logical argumentation based on the literature review, interviews, immersive case study, and Delphi method. The proposed framework provides a map of the areas and the themes that need consideration when developing an architectural tool that is expected to simultaneously address qualitative and quantitative criteria at the early stages of the design process. It categorizes the themes in three main areas: the themes concerned with qualitative studies, the themes concerned with quantitative studies, and the themes concerned with bridging the gap between qualitative and quantitative studies. The framework suggests that four major themes need consideration while developing architectural tools to support simultaneously addressing qualitative and quantitative criteria: Imagination Stimulation for qualitative studies, Knowledge Acquisition for quantitative studies, Architect as Toolmaker and Design Environment Coordinator, Hybrid Environment, and Interface for the synthesis of qualitative and quantitative studies. For practicing architects, the framework provides guidance to choose proper tools and form their design environment. Moreover, this study provides a new model of communication between the architecture community and the software developers. / Doctor of Philosophy / Any architectural project consists of numerous decisions that the architect must make. These decisions have different characteristics and can be categorized in many ways. One way to categorize them could be based on the nature of the criteria that the architects use to evaluate the results of their decision. In this manner, these criteria can be either qualitative or quantitative. Addressing these two different kinds of criteria demands entirely distinctive sets of skills. Architects are trained to address these two fundamentally different kinds of criteria, consciously or not. However, the reasoning process is much more complicated when the decision demands addressing qualitative and quantitative criteria, simultaneously. There exists the possibility that one criterion or one set of criteria may overshadow the rest if this complex task is approached without conscious planning by the architect. This study proposes a framework for simultaneously addressing qualitative and quantitative decision-making criteria during the early stages of the design process. It provides a map of the areas and the themes that need consideration when developing an architectural tool that is expected to simultaneously address qualitative and quantitative criteria at the early stages of the design process and uses several graphical representations to categorizes these themes based on the needs and objectives of the user.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:28:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvio Luis de Camargo Saiki.pdf: 1555914 bytes, checksum: 9134c69473d9bc20347c4315e3ddf68d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Taking the law as a set of systematized norms (coordination and subordination) and considering the relevance of the communicational process for its analysis, we tried to bring scientific rigor to call the attention to the composition of positive law by the plans of expression (system of legal statements) and of content (system of rules of law). Starting by the study upon the production of the rules of law, we analyzed the relevance of the norms of tax ability and matrix rule of incidence, focusing on the constitutional limits for aliquots to be part of the system of positive law. In this sense, we realized that the norms of tax ability establish a model for tax activities, calling the attention upon the way the setting of the tribute should be observed by the infra-constitutional legislator while fixing the tax aliquots and aiming to set these norms as another criteria of legal security in the Brazilian Tax System. Beyond the identification of the constitutional norms that set the limits of tax ability, we tried to demonstrate that the norms of tax ability regarding the aliquots are not quantitative criteria to the matrix rule of incidence and that, therefore, influence the production of enunciates in the exercise of state imposed competency. All previously stated made it possible to empirically verify the criteria of aliquots setting by the different political tax actors and for the different types of tributes, making it possible to see in which constitutional hypothesis the ordinary legislator is attached or not to observing the competency limits in aliquots setting regarding the legal security of the players that do have the tax obligation. We did not deepen the study in the so called formal limits as they developed according to the agency and the procedure for the production of tax norms, since we understood that as off limits to our original study proposal / Tomando o Direito como um conjunto de normas sistematizadas (coordenação e subordinação) e resguardando a importância do processo comunicacional para a sua análise, tentamos imprimir rigor científico para destacar a composição do direito positivo pelos planos de expressão (sistema dos enunciados legais) e de conteúdo (sistema das normas jurídicas). A partir do estudo acerca da produção das normas jurídicas, passamos a analisar a importância das normas de competência tributária e da regra-matriz de incidência, notadamente no que atina aos limites constitucionais para que as alíquotas sejam introduzidas no sistema do direito positivo. Nesse mister, verificamos que as normas de competência tributária estabelecem o arquétipo da atividade tributária, despertando interesse sobre a forma como a instituição do tributo deve ser observada pelo legislador infraconstitucional na fixação das alíquotas tributárias e visando a atestar serem essas normas mais um critério de segurança jurídica existente no sistema jurídico tributário. Destacadamente, além da identificação de normas constitucionais delimitadoras da competência tributária, procuramos demonstrar que as normas de competência relativas às alíquotas não são critérios quantitativos da regra-matriz de incidência e que, por isso, influenciam sobremaneira a produção de enunciados no exercício da competência impositiva do Estado. Isso nos possibilitou a verificação empírica dos critérios de fixação das alíquotas pelos diversos entes políticos tributantes e para as diversas espécies de tributos, podendo evidenciar em quais hipóteses constitucionais o legislador ordinário está adstrito ou não à observância de limites competenciais na fixação de alíquotas em respeito à segurança jurídica dos sujeitos passivos da obrigação tributária. Não nos aprofundamos nos limites ditos formais por dizerem respeito ao órgão e ao procedimento para a produção de normas tributárias, assunto que entendemos fugir à nossa proposta dissertativa