Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Quantum Calculus consists of a different approach to the subject Calculus, which is commonly studied in courses such as Mathematics and Physics. We therefore chose to address this theme, aiming to present the q-derivative and its applications, as well as quantum integration and its applications. For this, we rely on principles such as q-calculus and h-calculus, which consist of two topics of Quantum Calculus. / O Cálculo Quântico consiste em uma outra abordagem da disciplina Cálculo, comumente estudada em cursos como Matemática e Física. Assim, optamos por abordar este tema, tendo como objetivo apresentar a q-derivada e suas aplicações, bem como a integração quântica e suas aplicações. Para isso, baseamo-nos em preceitos tais como q-cálculo e h-cálculo, que consistem em duas áreas do Cálculo Quântico.

Le formalisme des états graphes consiste à modéliser des états quantiques par des graphes. Ce formalisme permet l'utilisation des notions et des outils de théorie des graphes (e.g. flot, domination, méthodes probabilistes) dans le domaine du traitement de l'information quantique. Ces dernières années, cette modélisation combinatoire a permis plusieurs avancées décisives, notamment (i) dans la compréhension des propriétés de l'intrication quantique (ii) dans l'étude des modèles de calcul particulièrement prometteurs en terme d'implémentation physique, et (iii) dans l'analyse et la construction de protocoles de cryptographie quantique. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les propriétés graphiques émergeant des problématiques d'informatique quantique, notamment pour la simulation quantique. En particulier, l'étude des propriétés de causalité et de localité des états graphes, en étendant par exemple la notion existante de flot de causalité à une notion intégrant des contraintes de localité, permettrait d'ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives pour la simulation de systèmes quantiques à l'aide d'états graphes. Des connections formelles avec les automates cellulaires quantiques bruités pourront également émerger de cette étude. / Graph States formalism consist in using graphs to model quantum states. This formalism allows us to use notion and tools of graph theory (e.g. flow, domination, probabilistic methods) in quantum information processing. Last years, this combinatorial modelisation had lead to many decisiv breakthroughs, in particular (i) in the comprehension of the quantum entranglement properties (ii) in very promising in term of physical implementation quantum calculus model, and (iii) in the analysis and construction of quantum cryptography protocols. The goal of this thesis is to study the graphic properties emerging of those quantum information processing problematics, especially for quantum simulation. In particular, the properties of causality and locality in graph states, by extanding for exemple the existing notion of causality flows to a notion integring the locality constraints, would allow new perspectives for the quantum system simulation using graphs states. Formal connections with noisy quantum cellular automata would emerge from this study.