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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Structural controls of auriferous quartz veins in the Karibib Area, southern central zone of the Pan-African Damara Belt, Namibia

Kitt, Shawn 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc (Earth Sciences))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / Detailed geological mapping and a structural analysis of auriferous quartz veins were undertaken in the Karibib region of the Pan-African Damara belt in central Namibia. The study focuses on the formation and controls of quartz-vein sets and associated lodegold mineralization in heterogeneous, siliciclastic- and marble- dominated amphibolitefacies host rocks around the Navachab gold mine and adjacent areas. Two main arrays of shallowly-dipping quartz veins can be distinguished that form a conjugate set. Steep, bedding-parallel and high-angle cross-cutting veins also occur, but play a subordinate role for mineralization. The orientation of the main conjugate set and progressive deformation of these quartz veins indicate that veining occurred during the late stages of the main phase of NW-SE directed, subhorizontal shortening (D2) and associated NW-verging folding and top-to-the-NW thrusting. Cross-cutting relationships with plutonic rocks indicate a timing of ca. 540 Ma for the mineralization. The quartz veins sets show a consistent orientation irrespective of their location with respect to NE-trending, NW-verging first-order fold structures that were previously considered to be pertinent for the mineralization. The quartz vein sets also cross-cut different lithologies at high angles. This suggests that the regional strain (D2) was the first-order control of quartz vein formation. More localized lithological and/or structural controls played, however, an important factor for the formation of economicgrade mineralization. Thick and closely spaced quartz veins in steeply dipping rocks of the Navachab open pit form a more than 150m thick economic-grade vein swarm. In this structural situation and during layer-normal subhorizontal shortening, the host rocks experienced high extensional strains in a vertical direction, favouring the formation of subhorizontal extension fractures.
2

Giant quartz vein zones of the Great Bear magmatic zone, Northwest Territories, Canada

Byron, Suzanne Unknown Date
No description available.
3

Giant quartz vein zones of the Great Bear magmatic zone, Northwest Territories, Canada

Byron, Suzanne 11 1900 (has links)
The Great Bear magmatic zone, Northwest Territories, hosts numerous giant quartz veins and stockwork zones. These zones can be up to 100m wide and up to 10km long, with two or more generations of quartz. A few of the giant quartz vein zones host base-metal uranium mineralization, and some are proximal to mineralization, although most are barren. Cathodoluminescence imaging shows the quartz veins have complex growth zones and a trace element study suggests that these zones are the result of Al and Li substitution in the quartz lattice. Oxygen isotope (18Oqtz) values of quartz generally fall between +8 to +14.6 (VSMOW). Fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures range from 100 to 375C, and the fluids have variable salinities. The fluids that created the giant quartz veins are epithermal in nature with a meteoric water brine signature, and formed as a result of multiple fluid pulses and re-fracturing events.
4

Analyse structurale, pétrologique et métallogénique de la minéralisation aurifère néoprotérozoïque du Granite de Passa Três, Campo Largo – PR, Sud du Brésil : implications sur les relations granite/minéralisation / Strutural, petrological and metellogenic analysis of the Passa Tres granite neoproterozoic gold deposit, Campo Largo – PR, Southern Brazil : Implications on the relationships granite/mineralisation

Dressel, Bárbara 27 July 2018 (has links)
Le Granite Passa Três est situé à l'Est de l'Etat du Paraná, au Sud du Brésil, et est allongé selon une direction NNE-SSW. Sa mise en place se fait au cœur des metapélites mesoprotérozoïques du Groupe Açungui (Province Mantiqueira). La minéralisation d’or du Granite Passa Três est composée par des veines de quartz contenant des quantités variables de fluorite, sulfures et carbonates. Les objectifs principaux de ce travail de thèse sont : de comprendre le modèle de formation du système de veines minéralisées en prenant en compte les relations entre magmatisme, hydrothermalisme, déformation et minéralogie à la fois dans l’espace et dans le temps ; la caractérisation de la nature, de la source et des conditions de dépôt des fluides ; et la caractérisation du modèle métallogénique de ce gisement singulier. Pour arriver à ces objectifs, les méthodes utilisées seront, en sus de la géologie structurale et de terrain : la pétrographie, la géochronologie U-Pb (LA-ICP-MS) sur zircon et 40Ar-39Ar sur muscovite, la microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB), la microsonde électronique, la fluorescence X (XFR), l’analyse isotopique du soufre (δ34S) et l’analyse microthermométrique et RAMAN des inclusions fluides. Les données structurales ont montré la coexistence de deux systèmes principaux de filons minéralisés, l’un N-S et l’autre E-W, avec des pendages de 60-75°W et 45-70°S, respectivement. Les deux systèmes sont interprétés comme contemporains et conjugués. Les corps minéralisés forment des géométries sigmoïdales qui résultent de l’ouverture en pull-aparts résultant de mouvements en faille normale le long de plans de glissement à faible pendage. Le fort pendage des structures minéralisées s’explique par l’enveloppe globale formée par la succession des pull-aparts. Quatre étapes minéralogiques sont à l’origine de la formation du système minéralisé : phase 1 [qtz 1 + fl], phase 2a [qtz 2 + py 2a ± or ± cpy ± aik ± fl ± sph ± musc], phase 2b [qtz 2 + py 2b + or + cpy + aik + ank ± sph ± fl ± musc] et phase 3 [qtz 3 + ank + calc + molyb ± aik ± musc ± fl]. L’or se trouve dans la forme d’or invisible et d’or natif dans des fractures qui affectent les pyrites des phases 2a et b, systématiquement associé avec la chalcopyrite et l’aikinite. L’altération associée à la minéralisation inclue des assemblages composés par muscovite/quartz/pyrite (altération du type greisen) et séricite/carbonate/clinochlore (altération phyllique). Les valeurs δ34S des pyrites (de -0.1‰ à 1.1‰) indiquant que le soufre du dépôt peut être d’origine magmatique. Cette hypothèse est en accord avec l’observation systématique, dans les parties supérieures du granite (sondage et niveaux supérieurs de la mine), de structures caractéristiques de transition magmatique-hydrothermale comme des systèmes aplo-pegmatitiques, des veines de quartz à bordure de K-feldspath, des concentrations de quartz de type stockscheider et des textures de solidification unilatérales (UST). Les résultats de géochronologie confirment cette hypothèse avec des âges U-Pb sur zircon (611.9±4.7 et 611.9±5.6 Ma pour le granite à grain moyen (GEM) et le microgranite (GEF) et 40Ar-39Ar sur muscovite (veines à bordure de K-feldspath : 612.9±2 à 608.8±2 Ma ; veines minéralisées : 611.7±2 à 608.8±2 Ma ; veines de quartz précoces : 608.4±2 Ma) très proches. Ces âges obtenus indiquent que la mise-en-place du granite, l’exsolution du fluide magmatique-hydrothermal et la formation des veines de quartz aurifères ont été réalisées pendant un écart de temps de 5 Ma, entre 613 et 608 Ma. La minéralisation (611 à 608 Ma) contemporaine de la cristallisation du granite (612 à 610 Ma), l’association de l’or avec des minéraux de bismuth (aikinite), la démonstration du contrôle structural sur la formation des veines et les évidences de transition magmatique-hydrothermale en domaine de coupole granitique montrent que le dépôt d’or du Granite Passa Três partage plusieurs similitudes avec les dépôts du type intrusion-related. / The Passa Três Granite is situated in southern Brazil (Paraná State) and presents a NNE-SSW elongated shape. This intrusion is emplaced within metapelites of the Mesoproterozoic Açungui Group (Ribeira Belt, Mantiqueira Province), between the N40E trending Morro Agudo and Lancinha faults. Gold mineralisation is composed of centimetric to metric quartz veins with fluorite, sulphides and carbonates. The main objectives of this work are i) to understand the model of formation of the mineralised veins systems taking into account the relationships between magmatism, hydrothermalism, deformation and mineralogy in space and time; ii) the characterization of the nature, source and emplacement conditions of the ore fluids; and iii) the characterization of a metallogenic model for this singular deposit. In order to reach these purposes, the methods to be applied include, beyond the structural geology and field works: petrography, U-Pb zircon (LA-ICP-MS) and 40Ar-39Ar muscovite geochronology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron-microprobe analyses (EPMA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), isotopic analysis of sulphur (δ34S), and microthermometric and Raman analysis of fluid inclusions. Structural data showed the coexistence of two major normal mineralised vein systems, one N-S and the other one E-W, with dips of 60-75ºW and 45-70ºS, respectively. Both systems are interpreted to be contemporaneous and conjugated. Orebodies form sigmoidal geometries that resulted of the opening of pull-aparts as a consequence of the normal movements along low-angle fault planes. High-angle dip of the global mineralised structures is explained by the succession of the pull-aparts. Four mineralogical stages resulted in the formation of the mineralised system: phase 1 [quartz 1 + fluorite], phase 2a [quartz 2 + pyrite 2a ± gold ± chalcopyrite ± aikinite ± fluorite ± sphalerite ± muscovite], phase 2b [quartz 2 + pyrite 2b + gold + chalcopyrite + aikinite + ankerite ± sphalerite ± fluorite ± muscovite] and phase 3 [quartz 3 + ankerite + calcite + molybdenite ± aikinite ± muscovite ± fluorite]. Gold occurs as invisible gold and as native grains within fractures that affect pyrite 2a and 2b, commonly associated with chalcopyrite and aikinite. Alteration related to the mineralisation includes muscovite/quartz/pyrite (greisen type alteration) and sericite/carbonato/clinochlore (phyllic alteration) assemblages. The δ34S values of pyrite crystals (from -0.1‰ to 1.1‰) indicate that the sulphur in this deposit may have a magmatic origin. This hypothesis agrees with the systematic observation, within the upper part of the granite (drill holes and superior levels of the mine), of structures typical of magmatic-hydrothermal transition such as aplite-pegmatite systems, quartz veins with K-feldspar border, quartz concentration of stockscheider type and unilateral solidification textures (UST). Geochronological data confirm this hypothesis with U-Pb zircon ages (611.9±4.7 and 611.9±5.6 Ma for medium grained granite facies (GEM) and microgranite (GEF), respectively) and 40Ar-39Ar muscovite dating (veins with K-feldspar border: 612.9±2 to 608.8±2 Ma; mineralised veins: 611.7±2 to 608.8±2 Ma; barren vein: 608.4±2 Ma), that are very close. These ages indicate that the granite emplacement, the magmatic-hydrothermal fluid release and the formation of gold-bearing quartz veins occur during a time lapse of approximately 5 Ma, between 613 and 608 Ma. The mineralisation (611 to 608 Ma) coeval to granite crystallization (612 to 610 Ma), the association of gold with Bi minerals (aikinite), the strong structural control for veins and magmatic-hydrothermal transition features at the roof of a small granitic intrusion suggest that the Passa Três gold deposit shares several similarities with intrusion-related gold deposits.
5

Malmmineralogisk undersökning av Pb-, Zn-, Cu- och Ag-förande kvartsgångar i Värmskogsområdet, mellersta Värmland

Nysten, Christina January 2013 (has links)
Abstract Polymetallic (Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Au-Sb-As-Bi-Cd-Te-Se-Ge…) quartz veins occur in an area from Eidsvoll in southeastern Norway to west of LakeVänern in southwestern Sweden. They most likely formed during the waning stage of the c. 1 Ga Sveconorwegian orogeny. In Värmskog parish, Värmland county, several mineralized quartz veins of different types are known. Of these, three of the larger vein deposits, Vegerbol, Karlsbol and Södra Gärdsjön, have been investigated. Despite a history of mining activities (mostly for silver) and exploration from the mid-1800s up until the present day, details about their ore mineralogy have remained essentially unknown. In order to classify and characterize them better, the present study was undertaken. The main ore minerals in the veins are galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite sensu lato and pyrite. Additionally, this investigation showed the occurrence of an array of silver-bearing phases such as argentian tetrahedrite to freibergite, native silver, polybasite, pyrargyrite, jalpaite, aguilarite, cervelleite, hessite and matildite. These are the main and accessory silver carriers in the studied deposits. Gold (argentiferous) was also found, as well as the nickel-cobalt sulphide siegenite.    The silver contents of the tetrahedrites may vary within one deposit, ranging from tetrahedrite sensu stricto to freibergite. A weak positive correlation occurs between silver and iron in the tetrahedrites. Cadmium was found both in the tetrahedrites and in the sphalerites. Many sphalerites, however, are very pure ZnS. The complex accessory ore mineralogy, including native gold as well as tellurium and selenium-bearing phases (Vegerbol), makes these vein deposits comparable to mineralized veins to the west and southwest of the Värmskog area.    Combining mineralogical and textural observations with previous studies, the vein mineralizations most likely formed during a change in tectonic regime, in recurrently active brittle structures, at temperatures ranging from c. 350 down to below 100°C. The occurrence of pyrite and hematite and the lack of pyrrhotite and magnetite points to an oxidizing ore-forming environment with relatively high sulphur activity.    Finally, in order to assess the possibility of connecting two of the mined vein systems, VLF (Very Low Frequency) electromagnetic measurements were performed across the strike of a possible continuation between the Vegerbol and Karlsbol deposits. The VLF survey showed a significant anomaly where such a continuation was to be expected, thus indicating an overall strike length of at least 1 km for that vein system. / Sammanfattning Polymetalliska (Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Au-Sb-As-Bi-Cd-Te-Se-Ge…) kvartsgångar förekom­mer inom ett område från Eidsvoll, Norge i norr, till sydväst om Vänern i Sverige. De tros ha bildats under den svekonorvegiska orogenesens (ca 1 Ga) slutskede. I Värmskogs socken, Värmland, förekommer mineraliserade kvartsgångar av flera olika typer. Bland dessa har tre undersökts med avseende på malmmineralogi. Dessa kallas för Vegerbol, Karlsbol och Södra Gärdsjön, och de har brutits i huvudsak på silver. Trots att brytning och prospekteringsarbeten pågått från 1800-talet fram till i dag har det saknats detaljerade mineralogiska beskrivningar över fyndigheterna. Denna studie har genomförts för att bättre kunna karakterisera och klassificera dessa mineralis­eringar. Huvudmalmmineral vid dessa förekomster är blyglans, zinkblände, koppar­kis, pyrit och för Södra Gärdsjön även tetraedrit. Denna undersökning har påvisat förekomsten av silverförande faser som silverhaltig tetraedrit till freibergit, gediget silver, polybasit, jalpait, aguilarit, cervelleit, hessit och matildit, vilka utgör både huvudsakliga och accessoriska silverbärare i de undersökta förekomsterna. Guld (silverhaltigt) har också hittats, samt ett Ni-Co-förande mineral, siegenit.    Silverinnehållet i tetraedriterna varierar inom en och samma förekomst, några analyser har givit freibergitsammansättningar. En svag positiv korrelation finns mellan silver och järnhalt i tetraedrit. Kadmium förekommer både i tetraedrit och i zinkblände. Många zinkbländen består dock av rent ZnS. Förekomsten av relativt komplexa accessoriska mineral inklusive guld och Se-Te-faser (Vegerbol) visar att dessa gångar är jämförbara med liknande förekomster väster och sydväst om Värmskogs­området.    Genom att sammanföra data från denna undersökning med sådana från tidigare studier gjorda på gångarna kan man anta att de bildats vid vid en förändring av den tektoniska miljön, i upprepat aktiva spröda strukturer och vid temperaturer mellan ungefär 350 till under 100 °C. Förekomsten av pyrit och hematit samt avsaknad av magnetkis och magnetit tyder på att malmbildningen skett under oxiderade förhållan­den och relativt hög svavelaktivitet.      Elektromagnetiska mätningar i VLF-bandet (Very Low Frequency) utfördes tvärs över den förmodade strykningsriktningen för en möjlig fortsättning av gången mellan Karlsbol och Vegerbol. Mätningarna gav en tydlig anomali där en sådan fortsättning kan förväntas vilket skulle kunna betyda att det finns en sammanhängande mineralisering med ca 1 kilometers längd.
6

Genetic relationships and origin of the Ädelfors gold deposits in Southeastern Sweden

Wiberg Steen, Tobias January 2018 (has links)
Ädelfors is situated ca 17 km east of Vetlanda, Jönköping County, in the N-S striking Trans-scandinavian igneous belt and is a part of the NE-SW striking 1.83-1.82 Ga Oskarshamn-Jönköping belt emplaced during a continental subduction towards the Svecofennian continental margin. The continental arc hosts the 1.83 Ga metasedimentary Vetlanda supergroup composed of foliated metagreywacke, metasandstone and metaconglomerate. The sequence is intercalated by mafic and felsic volcanites and hosts the Cu-Au-Fe-mines at Ädelfors. Ädelfors mining field consists of ca 330 mineralized quartz veins hosting both copper, gold and iron. The iron mines Nilsson’s iron mine (NFE) and Fe-mine (FE), the copper mine Kamelen (KM) and the gold mines Brånad’s mine (BR), Adolf Fredrik’s mine (AF), Old Kron mine (GKR), Old Kolhag’s mine (GKO), Thörn mine (TH), New Galon mine (NG), Stenborg’s mine (ST), Tysk mine (TG), Hällaskallen (HS) and Fridhem (FR) have been investigated to deduce a possible genetic relation between the veins and their origin. Sulfur isotope ratios have also been conducted on pyrite from KM, AF and FE. The veins can stucturally be divided into several groups. AF, GKR, ST, NG, TH and possibly NFE are striking 10-70° with a dip of 55-70°. BR, GKO and KM are striking 110-140° with a dip of 80-90° whereas TG and HS strike 90-110° dipping 85°. Fridhem, being distal to the other mines, strikes 70° and dips 80°. A chlorite-quartz-biotite-sericite-rich metapelite hosts the veins in all localities except; FR where a layered, beresitizised felsic volcanite rich in plagioclase, sericite, biotite and quartz hosts disseminated pyrite; and NFE, HS and NG which are hosted by a mafic tuffite. Quartz veins are mainly milky and equigranular, exceptions are FE with black pyrite-bearing quartz veins, cutting through the banded magnetite-metapelite and KM with its dynamically recrystallized quartz. Chlorite-, zeolite-, carbonate-, hematite-, amphibole-, kalifeldspar-, sericite-, biotite- and epidote alteration has been observed among the localities. The ore minerals are dominated by: fractured sub- to euhedral pyrite in cataclastic aggregates or selvage bands, interstitial chalcopyrite in pyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, gold and sporadic chalcopyrite diseased sphalerite and arsenopyrite. Previously not reported tetradymite, staurolite, galena and Ce-monazite have also been observed. Bismuthinite and tetradymite as inclusions in pyrite were observed in AF, GKR, FR and TG. Gold was observed in AF, BR, GKR and TG as inclusions in pyrite or quartz with a Au/Ag median of 78.41. HS distinguishes itself with Au/Ag ratios of 4.66-5.25. The trace element ratios in pyrite reveal two major types of pyrite. 1) found in FE and KM (pyrite type 1) with Co/Ni ratio of 10.94, Bi/Au of 1.79, Bi/S of 0.037, Au/Ag of 11.13, S/Se of 235.96 and As/S of 0.006. 2) found in NG, GKO, ST, TH, AF, NFE, HS, GKR, BR, FR, TG and as stringers in KM4 py1 pyrite type 2) with an average Co/Ni ratio of 5.26, Bi/Au of 1.95, Bi/S of 0.031, Au/Ag of 4.19, S/Se of 0 and As/S of 0. δ34S values strengthens this grouping as KM and FE has 1,3-2,6 ‰ and AF 3,6-3,8 ‰. The following geological interpretation has been concluded: The banded iron formation in FE is the earliest mineralization and was later fractured, emplacing quartz veins with pyrite of type 1. During this event, the Cu-vein in KM was also formed. A second generation of fractures, emplaced after the Småland granitoids formed, were filled with quartz and pyrite of type 2 at mesozonal depth. This is the main stage of gold mineralization and includes NG, GKO, ST, TH, AF, NFE, GKR, BR, FR and TG. During this event, pyrite of type 2 was added to KM, causing recrystallizing of the quartz. HS is possibly emplaced last or altered as it is more enriched in silver. Morphology, mineralogy, alterations, mineral chemistry and sulfur isotope signatures indicates an orogenic origin of the gold-rich quartz veins at Ädelfors as well as the copper-rich vein in KM. / Ädelfors ligger ca 17 km öster om Vetlanda, Jönköpings län, i det N-S strykande Transskandinaviska granit och porfyrbältet och är en del av det NÖ-SV strykande 1,83-1,82 Ga Oskarshamn-Jönköpingsbältet (OJB) bildad i en kontinental subduktionszon i kanten av den Svecofenniska kontinentalplattan. I denna kontinentalbåge ligger Vetlanda supergruppen som är en metasedimentär del av OJB bestående av starkt folierad 1,83 Ga metagråvacka, metasandsten och metakonglomerat med inlagringar av mafiska och felsiska vulkaniter. Ädelfors gruvfält består utav ca. 330 kvartsgångar förande mestadels guld men också koppar. Järnmineraliseringar i form av bandad järnmalm finns också i området. Geologin, mineralogin och pyritens kemiska sammansättning från järngruvorna Nilssons järngruva (NFE) och Fe-gruvan (FE), koppargruvan Kamelen (KM) och guldgruvorna Brånadsgruvan (BR), Adolf Fredriks gruva (AF), Gamla Krongruvan (GKR), Gamla Kolhagsgruvan (GKO), Thörngruvan (TH), Nya Galongruvan (NG), Stenborgs gruva (ST), Tyskgruvan (TG), Hällaskallen (HS) och Fridhem (FR) har undersökts för att finna eventuella genetiska likheter. Svavelisotopförhållande har fastställts för pyrit från AF, FE och KM. Strukturellt kan gångarna delas in i ett antal grupper. AF, GKR, ST, NG, TH och möjligtvis NFE stryker 10-70° och stupar 55-70°. BR, GKO och KM stryker 110-140° och stupar 80-90° medan TG och HS stryker 90-110° och stupar 85°. Fridhem stryker 70° och stupar 80°. En klorit-kvarts-sericit-biotitrik metapelit utgör värdbergarten i alla gruvor förutom; FR där den utgörs av en beresitiserad felsisk vulkanit rik på plagioklas, sericit, biotit och kvarts med disseminerad pyrit; och NFE, HS, NG vilka har en mafisk tuffitisk moderbergart. Kvartsgångarna är mjölkvita med undantag för FE:s svarta, pyritförande kvarts vilket uppträder som sprickfyllnad i den bandade järnmalmen och är senare bildad. Kvartsen i KM är starkt dynamiskt omkristalliserad. Svag till måttlig foliation är vanlig i sidoberget med undantag av stark foliation i TG och NFE, vilka är lokaliserade i förkastningssprickor med stark kloritförskiffring av värdbergarten. Klorit-, zeolit-, karbonat-, hematit-, amfibol-, kalifältspat-, sericit-, biotit- och epidotomvandling förekommer i majoriteten av lokalerna. Malmmineralen är dominerande sprött deformerad subhedral till euhedral pyrit som kataklastiska aggregat eller band, interstitiell kopparkis i pyrit, markasit, magnetkis, guld och sporadiskt kopparkissjuk zinkblände och arsenikkis. I det här arbetet har även tetradymit, staurolit, blyglans och Ce-monazit observerats. Bismutinit och tetradymit i form av inneslutningar i pyrit observerades i AF, GKR, FR och TG. Guld observerades i AF, BR, GKR och TG som inneslutningar i pyrit eller fritt i kvarts med Au/Ag medianvärde på 78,41, avvikande är HS med värden mellan 4,66-5,25.    Förhållanden mellan spårelement i pyrit indikerar två typer av pyrit. Typ 1 funnen i FE och KM har följande värden: Co/Ni = 10,94, Bi/Au = 1,79, Bi/S = 0,037, Au/Ag = 11,13, S/Se = 235,96 och As/S = 0,006. Typ 2 funnen i NG, GKO, ST, TH, AF, NFE, HS, GKR, BR, FR, TG och som sliror i KM4 py1 har följande värden Co/Ni = 5,26, Bi/Au = 1,95, Bi/S = 0,031, Au/Ag = 4,19, S/Se = 0 and As/S = 0. δ34S värden styrker denna uppdelning där KM och FE har värdena 1,3-2,6 ‰ och AF 3,6-3,8 ‰. Den geologiska utvecklingen av fältet har tolkats som följande: FE-gruvans bandade järnmalm är den tidigaste mineraliseringen vilket följs utav uppsprickning och läkning av kvarts med pyrit typ 1 som också bildar kopparmineraliseringen KM. Senare sprickzoner efter Smålandsgraniternas intrusion läks av kvarts med pyrit typ 2 på mesozonalt djup vilket bildar NG, GKO, ST, TH, AF, NFE, GKR, BR, FR, TG och omkristalliserar och introducerar nya pyritsliror i kvartsen i KM. HS bildas möjligtvis sist eller har blivit omvandlad eftersom den är anrikad på silver. Morfologi, omvandlingar och svavelisotop-signaturer tyder på ett orogent ursprung för Ädelfors guldrika kvartsådror samt den kopparrika kvartsådern i KM.

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