Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-05-25T12:04:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MAURICIO_RIVERA_CORREA_COMPLETO.pdf: 14714374 bytes, checksum: 1b12b0d41d76ab26f7ac240e8865add4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-25T12:04:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MAURICIO_RIVERA_CORREA_COMPLETO.pdf: 14714374 bytes, checksum: 1b12b0d41d76ab26f7ac240e8865add4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-17 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Understanding the evolutionary relationships has increased significantly in recent years for different groups of neotropical amphibians, mainly based on well-supported phylogenetic hypotheses with molecular and morphological evidence. Recently, new taxonomic classifications, patterns and processes of speciation, reinterpretation of the evolution of phenotypic traits and evidence of various taxa traditionally regarded as a single species, were inferred by phylogenetic advances. However, only recently the Andean frogs associated with streams have been recognized as a monophyletic unit and grouped in the genus Hyloscirtus. Although there some previous studies on the systematics of Hyloscirtus, the phylogenetic relationships among many of its species still remain unresolved. Therefore here I present five chapters that provide the most important and systematic revision and comprehensive phylogenetic analysis for 29 of the 34 species using a maximum of 6,859 base pairs for four mitochondrial genes and seven nuclear genes from 157 specimens, considering the entire geographical distribution of the genus in the Neotropical Andes and Central America. Using maximum parsimony criterion and implementation of reconstruction of dynamic homology, phylogenetic analysis corroborate the monophyly of Hyloscirtus and recovered as closely related to Aplastodiscus, Bokermannohyla and Hypsiboas. The evolution of some phenotypic characters by in the context of the most parsimonious topology obtained here, show that the evolutionary history is more complex than previously suspected. From revision of 1420 specimens of 136 localities, the results suggest a diversity of species previously unknown to Hyloscirtus of which at least 15 lines are candidates for new species, and nine are formally defined and described from morphology, bioacoustics and molecular evidence. Additionally a new taxonomic rearrangement of the genus is proposed to include a definition of four species groups. The phylogenetic relationships inferred and knowledge generated here for Hyloscirtus open a window for understanding the evolutionary history and diversity of Neotropical tree frog. / A compreens?o das rela??es evolutivas tem aumentado significativamente nos ?ltimos anos para diferentes grupos de anf?bios neotropicais, principalmente baseada em hip?teses filogen?ticas bem suportadas com evid?ncia molecular e morfol?gica. Recentemente, novas classifica??es taxon?micas, padr?es e processos de especia??o, reinterpreta??o da evolu??o de caracteres fenot?picos e evid?ncia da exist?ncia de v?rios t?xons tradicionalmente consideradas como uma ?nica esp?cie foram inferidos pelos avances filogen?ticos. No entanto, s? recentemente as r?s andinas associadas a riachos foram reconhecidas como uma unidade monofil?tica e agrupadas no g?nero Hyloscirtus. Apesar de estudos anteriores sobre a sistem?tica de Hyloscirtus, a rela??es filogen?ticas entre muitas de suas esp?cies ainda permanecem n?o resolvidas. Por isso aqui eu apresento cinco cap?tulos que fornecem a revis?o mais importante na sistem?tica e um an?lise filogen?tica abrangente para 29 das 34 esp?cies usando um m?ximo de 6.859 pares de bases para quatro genes mitocondriais e sete genes nucleares provenientes de 157 esp?cimes, considerando toda a distribui??o geogr?fica do g?nero nos Andes neotropicais e Am?rica central. Usando crit?rio da m?xima parcim?nia e implementa??o de reconstru??o de homologia din?mica, an?lise filogen?tica corroboram a monofilia de Hyloscirtus e recuperado como intimamente relacionado com Aplastodiscus, Bokermannohyla e Hypsiboas. Se discute a evolu??o de alguns caracteres fenot?picos mediante a optimiza??o no contexto da topologia mais parcimoniosa obtidas aqui, revelando que a historia de origem independente mais complexa do previamente valorado. A partir da revis?o de 1420 esp?cimes de 136 localidades, os resultados revelam uma diversidade de esp?cies antes desconhecida para Hyloscirtus dos quais pelo menos 15 linhagens s?o candidatas para novas esp?cies, e nove s?o formalmente delimitadas e descritas a partir da evid?ncia morfol?gica, bioac?stica e molecular. Adicionalmente um novo rearranjo taxon?mico do g?nero ? proposto que inclui a defini??o de quatro grupos de esp?cies. As rela??es filogen?ticas inferidas aqui para o g?nero Hyloscirtus abrem uma janela para a compreens?o da hist?ria evolutiva e diversidade dos hil?deos neotropicais.