In Scotland, no less than in England, the late Victorian era was one of transition. Industrialisation and urbanisation created new social problems, while other forces - most importantly the railway - worked to undermine the national comprehensiveness of Scotland. Even Scottish religion, until now protected both by distance and the different polity entertained, fell under the sway of English influence. This thesis considers one particular aspect of English influence upon the Church of Scotland - Tractarianism. There is clear evidence to prove that in liturgical and architectural expression, in church furnishings and arrangement, in ritual and in doctrine, and even in the development of a library of historical research, there was manifest by some a deliberate attempt to reform the Church of Scotland through a thorough-going application of Tractarian definitions, ideals, and symbolic expressions. In particular the thesis investigates the personal influence of the Reverend Professor James Cooper in this endeavour, for he was one of the principal figures in changing the face of the Kirk. He was a medievalist, tinctured with Jacobitism. Although there were some in the Church with more profound learning, and others with a broader vision of the social and ecclesiastical requirements of the new age, Cooper combined within himself many of the aims, the ideals, and the foibles commonly associated with Victorians. As the representative spokesman for the Scoto-Catholic party, he held a unique place in the life of the Scottish Church, for the scoto-Catholics, though always few in number, were not without significant influence. It was they in particular who perpetrated the “Tractarian" reform in the Church of Scotland. In the introduction the historical background to the Scottish Church in 1882 is sketched. Part I provides a background survey of the Oxford Movement in England and Scotland. Part II considers the Broad Church attempt at reform, and the liturgical developments associated with the Church Service Society. Part III deals with the emergence of Scoto-Catholicism, and Part IV with Ecclesiological and Ritualistic movements. Part V looks at the attempt to defend and advance Catholic doctrine - the programme of the Scottish Church Society, and also traces Cooper's influence on the "Articles Declaratory” of the constitution of the Church of Scotland. Part VI investigates the attempt to defend and advance Catholic authority in the Scottish Church through a restatement of the Tractarian doctrine of Apostolic Succession. Of necessity it also considers the matters of ordination and "valid Orders". It is shown that by means of a "historiological mythos" the Scoto-Catholic position in this, as in other matters, was advanced. There are several appendices, the first of which traces a connection between the Catholic Apostolic Church - which itself was not without significant liturgical and doctrinal effect upon the Church of Scotland - and the Oxford Movement.

Observations of four massive x-ray binary stars are presented, based on data accumulated between February 1989 and August 1991. Using modern techniques of spectroscopic data analysis, velocity curves are derived for three of these systems. Two of these curves (SMC X-1, QV Nor) yield very precise mass estimates for the component stars, while the third (Cen X-3) offers a constraint on the possible masses. The fourth system (X Per) is not shown to exhibit periodic variations, despite an extensive study conducted over more than two years. For the two systems that yielded precise masses, the component neutron stars are shown to lie within the theoretical mass range based on theories of their formation via the supernova explosion of a helium star in a close binary system. This is a marked improvement on previous studies where both stars had estimated masses which lay well outside of the expected range. The derivation of these masses incorporates the use of non-Keplerian velocity corrections, arising from the non-spherical, asymmetrically illuminated primary stars. A study of the line profiles showed that the temperatures around both primary stars were consistent with the parameters in these calculations. For the third system, the inaccuracy of the published ephemeris resulted in a lack of observations at the times of maximum and minimum velocity. The semi-amplitude is thus not well constrained, but it is shown that the observations are consistent with the assumption of a normal mass neutron star secondary. The system is shown to have undergone a gradual decrease in its orbital period which follows a parabolic trend, suggesting substantial mass-transfer. For the fourth system, a periodicity analysis of 130 spectroscopic velocity measurements of a Be star, via Fouriergram and string-length techniques, failed to highlight any strong periodicity. The scatter in the data appears larger than would be expected for a non-variable B star. The absence of periodic velocity variations at the expected period is discussed in terms of the binarity (or otherwise) of the Be star. A transition from Be to shell-star or ordinary B star phase occurred during the study, which is not evident from the spectral variations observed in the blue.

This thesis contains reports of behavioural investigations carried out on an acallosal girl and her brain-damaged sister. These patients were compared on tasks involving tactile, auditory, and visual perception with a group of control Subjects matched for sex, I.Q. and age, as well as with normal Subjects of the same sex and age. The general aim of the experiments was (a) to investigate and compare the functions of the cerebral hemispheres and (b) to study interhemispheric relationships. Using normal Subjects as well as the acallosal patient special attention was directed towards furthering our understanding of the functions of the corpus callosum. Our results were compared with previous findings in an effort to resolve conflicting findings in the agenesis literature and to explain differences between the previously reported acallosal and surgical-bisected patients' behaviour. The acallosal was found to perform less efficiently than control Subjects on some bimanual and unimanual motor coordination tasks. This finding is consistent with earlier reports on agenesis Subjects. Some evidence was found to indicate that acallosals do not efficiently transfer learning of a tactile formboard task from one hand to the other The acallosal patient did not show an anomia of the left hand as do surgical-bisected patients. There is, however, an inefficiency in tactile cross-localization of light touch stimuli. Dichotic listening experiments used verbal stimuli to test the hypothesis that the acallosal girl would demonstrate equipotentiality of language processes in both hemispheres. Tonal patterns were similar presented dichotically. The acallosal Subject exhibited a greater right-ear advantage than the controls on the recall of digits. Studies of reaction time to a simple visual stimulus replicated findings of greater pathway differences for acallosals than for normals. Another visual perception study supported the finding that acallosals do not show interocular transfer of movement aftereffects. Tachistoscopic recognition tasks of alphabetical and facial stimuli were used on the acallosal, her sister, and normal controls. A developmental study of normals was also carried out. Thirteen year old normals and adults were found to have a left-hemisphere superiority for letters and right-hemisphere for faces. The seven and eight year olds did not show significant lateralization of either faces or letters. The acallosal showed a left visual field superiority for letters, a finding opposite to that for normals. These findings suggest that processes involved in recognition of letters and faces develop with increasing age in childhood. The acallosal Subject appears to have bilateral representation of language processes across sensory modalities in opposite hemispheres, presumably the result of compensatory development arising from lack of a corpus callosum.

Ph. D.

Measurements of the radioactive content of environmental samples are potentially very costly, especially when these are made ex situ in a laboratory. A less expensive alternative is to acquire in situ measurements in the field. Both measurement types are subject to uncertainties, some of which arise from different sources depending on the measurement method used. Surveys on radioactively contaminated land found that in situ measurements produced results that were as useful in satisfying the typical objectives of such surveys as ex situ measurements. The random component of analytical uncertainty estimated from duplicated in situ measurements was 2-4 times higher than would have been expected from Poisson statistics, however the sampling uncertainty (0-10 %) was found to be much lower than that for ex situ measurements (44-73 %). This resulted from the combined effects of high heterogeneity of the target radionuclide (137Cs) in the ground, and the comparatively large primary sample mass associated with in situ measurements of gamma-emitting radionuclides. A large sampling mass also means that in situ measurements have an advantage in finding small hotspots of activity, although they may not provide sufficient resolution for spatially mapping lateral distributions of contaminants for remediation purposes. The degree of resolution can be readily changed in the field, however, by the simple expedient of changing the detector height. Experiments with an in situ detector close to the ground surface enabled the position of a small hotspot to be determined to within a few centimetres. To evaluate activity concentrations in the soil, assumptions need to be made about the dimensions of the measured sample, and the distributions of activity within it. This requires some information that might be best obtained from ex situ measurements of excavated samples. However, well planned in situ surveys have the potential to significantly reduce the requirement for these expensive laboratory measurements. A new method of optimising the design of in situ surveys has been developed, based on a generic model for predicting the detector response to small particles of activity at different positions relative to the detector. The new mathematical model used by this method compares well with field measurements, and also with predictions made using a commercially available calibration program.

Four Latin panegyrics survive from the period 289 to 298. They originate from Gaul. The empire was governed by collegiate rule, with Diocletian and Maximian joint Augusti (the Dyarchy) until 293, when the imperial college was expanded to four (the Tetrarchy) with the promotion to the subordinate rank of Caesar of Constantius and Galerius. To meet the threats of usurpers and external enemies, the emperors exercised their authority in different parts of the Empire and were rarely together. The creation of collegiate government posed a novel challenge for panegyrists; they had to balance the impulse to praise the individual addressee with the need to integrate him into the wider government. These potentially competing demands were intensified by the circumstances of the delivery of the speeches, since loyalty had to be expressed to both present and absent emperors. A tension existed between the ideologies of governmental unity and individualism. A texture of tension and resolution is generated in the four speeches. The dynamics of vocative address are used to articulate loyalty. Figurations of the unity of government are employed to signal the relationships between the emperors and their resulting cosmic significance. Individual profiles are cut for the emperors primarily through the use of mythological and historical exempla. The signa Jovius and Herculius, which the emperors assumed, are exploited to characterize and differentiate them. In their detail and overall ideologies, differences between the four speeches are distinct. Each orator adapted the conventions of the genre to an evolving political landscape; furthermore, varying and sometimes competing loyalties are revealed. Panegyric is seen to be capable of great versatility and nuance.

Le cadre de cette thèse est la théorie des surfaces minimales dans deux variétés homogènes, R3 et PSL2(R). Dans R3, étant donné un pavage T du plan par des polygones, qui soit invariant par deux translations indépendantes, on construit une famille de surfaces minimales plongées et triplement périodiques qui désingularise T × R. Dans cette perspective, et inspiré par le travail de Martin Traizet, nous ouvrons les nodes d’une surface de Riemann singulière dans le but de coller ensemble des Karcher saddle towers, chacune placée sur un sommet avec ses bouts au long des arrêtes qui se terminent sur ce sommet même. Dans une seconde partie, nous étudions les graphes minimaux dans PSL2(R) et nous fournissons des exemples de surfaces invariantes. Nous obtenons des estimées du gradient pour les solutions de l’équation des surfaces minimales dans l’espace en considération et on étudie le comportement des suites monotones de solutions. Nous concluons par prolonger à PSL2(R) un théorème de Jenkins et Serrin, qui donnent une condition nécessaire et suffisante pour la solvabilité du problème du Dirichlet de l’équation des surfaces minimales dans R3, avec des données infinies sur le bord d’un domaine convexe et borné. / This doctoral thesis deals with minimal surface theory in two homogeneous manifolds, namely, R3 and PSL2(R). In R3, given a tiling T of the plane by straight edge polygons, which is invariant by two independent translations, we construct a family of embedded triply periodic minimal surfaces which desingularizes T ×R. For this purpose, inspired by the work of Martin Traizet, we open the nodes of singular Riemann surfaces to glue together simply periodic Karcher saddle towers, each placed at a vertex of the tiling in such a way that its wings go along the corresponding edges of the tiling ending at that vertex. On the other hand, in PSL2(R) we study minimal graphs and we furnish many invariant examples. We derive gradient estimates for solutions of the minimal surface equation in the underlying space and we study convergence of monotone sequences of solutions. Finally, we extend to PSL2(R) a result of Jenkins and Serrin who provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the solvability of the Dirichlet problem of the minimal surface equation in R3, with infinite data over boundary arcs of a convex bounded region.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:16:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivana Soares Bandeira.pdf: 1022492 bytes, checksum: 3b38c680f7a59ceaf1675ecfe7f7fd0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-14 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work we are interested in replying the following question: a tridimensional stable minimal surface is a plane? For this, we need to understand three important facts: in R3 minimal graphics are planes (Bernstein s Theorem), next, minimal surfaces which are graphics of differentiable functions are stables (Theorem of J. L. Barbosa and M. Do Carmo), and finally, we have that the only tridimensional stable complete minimal surfaces are planes (Theorem of M. do Carmo and C. K. Peng) / Neste trabalho estamos interessados em responder a seguinte questão: Uma superfície tridimensional mínima, completa e estável é um plano? Para isso precisamos compreender três fatos importantes: os planos são as únicas superfícies mínimas que podem ser obtidas gráficos (Teorema de Bernstein), em seguida, superfícies mínimas que são gráficos de funções diferenciáveis são estáveis (Teorema de J. L. Barbosa e M. Do Carmo), e por fim, temos que as únicas superfícies tridimensionais, mínimas, completas, estáveis e orientáveis são os planos (Teorema de M. do Carmo e C. K. Peng)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:02:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao luciene.pdf: 1020843 bytes, checksum: ac206e5a833b7c12a09d587ba480850c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-25 / The present work has been based by the [1] from Juan A. Aledo S´anches and Jos´e M. Espinar and [2] from Rafael L´opez articles. In those articles they studied hiperbolic linear Weingarten surfaces in R3 space, this is, surface whose mean curvature H and Gaussian curvature K satisfy a relation of the form aH+bK =c, where a, b, c 2 R. A such surface is said to be hiperbolic when the discriminant D := a2+4bc < 0.We obtain a representation for rotational hyperbolic linear Weingarten surfaces in terms of its Gauss map and we also present, in the case a 6= 0, a classification of linearWeingarten surfaces of hyperbolic rotation. As a consequence we obtain, in the case a 6=0, a family of complete hyperbolic linear Weingarten surfaces in R3. This contrasts with Hilbert s theorem that there do not exist complete surfaces with constant negative Gaussian curvature immersed in R3. / Este trabalho foi baseado nos artigos [1] de Juan A. Aledo S´anches e Jos´e M. Espinar e [2] de Rafael L´opez. Nestes artigos eles estudaram superf´&#305;cies de Weingarten lineares hiperb´olicas , ou seja, superf´&#305;cies cuja curvatura m´edia H e a curvatura Gaussiana K satisfazem uma relac¸ ao linear da forma aH + bK = c, onde a, b, c 2 R. Tais superf´&#305;cies s ao ditas hiperb´olicas quando o discriminante D := a2 + 4bc < 0. Obteremos uma representac¸ ao para as superf´&#305;cies de Weingarten lineares hiperb´olicas em termos das suas aplicac¸ oes de Gauss e tamb´em apresentaremos, no caso a 6= 0, uma classificac¸ ao de superf´&#305;cies de Weingarten lineares de rotac¸ ao hiperb´olicas. Como consequ encia obteremos, no caso a 6= 0, uma fam´&#305;lia de superf´&#305;cies de Weingarten lineares hiperb´olicas de rotac¸ ao completas em R3. Isto contrasta com o Teorema de Hilbert que diz que n ao existe superf´&#305;cie completa com curvatura Gaussiana constante negativa imersa em R3

In thesis the author writes about PPP projects. After theretical introduction about them he describes advantages and disadvantages of PPP projects. Then he continues writing concentrating on his main goal, impacts of PPP projects on public and private sector. He includes the relation between PPP projects and keynes and transactional multiplier, public finance and sovereign rating. In practial part the author decribes impacts of motorway M6 in Hungary and highway D3/R3 in Czech Republic.