A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used to investigate the meaning of everyday experiences of power. Twenty interviews were conducted wherein participants were asked to discuss situations where they were aware of power. They were asked one prompt question, “Think of a time when you were aware of power and describe that experience as fully as possible.” Thematic analysis yielded a structure that consisted of four themes, position, control, respect, and prestige, all situated within a ground of hierarchy. The understanding of power revealed by the data analysis was discussed in light of both qualitative and quantitative studies of power, particularly those that addressed French and Raven’s (1959) bases of power. French and Raven proposed that there were five forms of power: coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and expert. Most experiences described within the current study can be classified according to their schema. Six situations, however, did not fit French and Raven’s typology. The power possessed by electronic equipment and natural/chance occurrences was discussed and represents a non-social power type that is characterized by an utter lack of control on the part of the participant. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism via which various types of power occur and interact with each other is not often addressed in the literature. The current findings, thus, serve to provide some insight into how power forms are experienced and made meaningful to the individual. Current findings suggest that a hierarchical relationship is the primary setting wherein power is identified and understood. Within the hierarchical relationship, various forms of power are drawn upon in order to gain and/or maintain control. The type, intensity, and successfulness of the type of power used is augmented by an individual’s position within the hierarchical relationship and by the reciprocity of respect that exists within the relationship. The presence of respect and prestige as figural elements in the experience of power are unique in that many studies that seek to understand and define power look to the amount of control that is possessed and/or exerted by power holders and ignore the impact of the perceptions of non-power holders.

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 265-282).

Ce mémoire s'attarde aux possibilités que peuvent présenter les tests psychométriques dans une perspective de caractérisation des publics et de mise en marché de produits de communication. Il s'intéresse tout particulièrement à la pertinence de tels outils dans le cas du marketing qui touche les quotidiens d'information de la presse écrite. Ainsi, les lectorats de trois quotidiens québécois francophones ont été évalués en fonction de leurs résultats au test de la version avancée des Matrices Progressives de Raven.Ce test tend à mesurer la capacité d'une personne à répondre à un problème inédit, et ce, par un raisonnement inductif Les résultats de cette première évaluation auront permis de déceler des différences entre certains groupes de lecteurs de journaux. Ceci tend à valider l'idée que les outils psychométriques seraient en mesure de fournir de l'information qui, combinée aux données sociodémographiques, pourrait participer à une meilleure connaissance des groupes de consommateurs et donc permettre un marketing mieux adapté et plus efficace.

Rule governance is critical to human society. However, could rule governance be found in non-human animals? A six year old, female, African white-necked raven (Covrus albicollis) named Shade correctly followed informal verbal commands to retrieve specified objects in the past. This ability was tested using two different methods. Both methods involved the researcher verbally asking the bird to retrieve one object out of two either from the same room or an adjacent room. While initial results were not significantly different than chance, review of trial recordings revealed that it is possible to predict when the bird will retrieve an incorrect object based solely on specific behaviors, termed inattentive or uninterested. Trials marked as inattentive by observers were significantly more likely to be incorrect than correct. This indicates that the bird was capable of retrieving the correct object, but that she also occasionally, intentionally retrieved the incorrect object.

Nearly extirpated from the Central Appalachians, USA by the mid-1900s as a result of human persecution, loss of forests, and absence of large mammal carrion, remnant populations of common ravens (Corvus corax) have recolonized portions of their historical range. One such area of recolonization is southeastern Kentucky where the species is listed as state threatened. Southeastern Kentucky appears to have extensive suitable breeding habitat, but raven records remain relatively rare with sightings and a few nests being confirmed during the past three decades. Because little is known about local ecology or population status of this reclusive corvid in Kentucky, I assessed distribution and occupancy of ravens in available cliff habitat to quantify factors that affect detectability of ravens, identify landscape attributes important to raven breeding locations at multiple scales, and develop a protocol for monitoring occupancy of potential raven breeding habitats in Kentucky. Based on surveys of 23 cliff sites during 2009–2010, I found that ravens are highly detectable (p=0.90 (95% CI = 0.81–0.95)) at known occupied cliff sites, suggesting a survey effort consisting of two visits, each lasting one hour, will enable occupancy to be determined with 95% confidence. Using this and the habitat information associated with occupancy (cliff area and horizontal strata orientation), a monitoring protocol was developed and initiated in 2011 that should be useful to wildlife managers and land stewards interested in long-term monitoring, management, and conservation of common ravens in Kentucky’s cliff habitat.

The topic of the diploma thesis is Concerning Chosen Translations of the Poem The Raven by E. A. Poe - an Attempt at a Comparison. The thesis deals with the comparison of Czech translations which have been written over the period of the last twenty years. The original text would be also dealt with, since there come up distinct shifts of meaning within the process of translation. However, the author will not omit different aesthetical qualities of the original and target language. An observation of schoolbooks for teaching literature at secondary and high schools will be added together with an attempt to determine the most frequently included translation which could therefore be considered as canonic. The output of the thesis should be an analysis evaluating whether including the translation in schoolbooks is appropriate and offering a constructive suggestion on an alternative one.

Se realizó un estudio psicométrico de la Versión Abreviada de la prueba de Matrices Progresivas de Raven (escala general) para la población estudiantil de 4to. y 5to. de secundaria de colegios estatales del distrito de Chaclacayo, teniendo como objetivos, la determinación de los niveles de confiabilidad y validez, el análisis del grado de dificultad de los ítems, el estudio del tiempo de ejecución, la baremación percentilar de las puntuaciones obtenidas y el estudio de diferencias significativas entre el genero y la edad. En primer lugar se exponen los aspectos teóricos que sustentan el instrumento, a partir de un esbozo temático sobre las concepciones de inteligencia, incidiendo más en los componentes de la teoría bifactorial de Spearman y las distintas investigaciones antecedentes relacionadas con nuestra investigación. En segundo lugar se realiza el trabajo tecnológico, determinando que el tamaño de la muestra debe ser de 244 alumnos; aplicando las formulas de validez y confiabilidad, las cuales determinan los adecuados niveles que posee la prueba; estudiando las diferencias según genero y edad, a partir del análisis de varianza, no encontrándose diferencias ni por sexo ni por edad; evaluando los niveles de dificultad de los ítems, observando que estos difieren tanto con los de la prueba original, como con los de la versión abreviada estudiada por Arteaga y Dumn en 1998; estudiándose el tiempo de ejecución, calculándose que en promedio es de 20 minutos con 34 segundos, no hallándose diferencias significativas entre varones y mujeres, y determinándose una correlación negativa baja que nos indica que a menor tiempo mejor puntuación, pero que sólo es determinante para un 10 % de la muestra, lo que no nos permitiría hacer una afirmación confiable sobre el asunto. Finalmente se elabora la tabla de baremo percentilar de la Versión Abreviada del Test de Matrices Progresivas de Raven (escala general) para la población estudiantil de 4to. y 5to. de secundaria de colegios estatales del distrito de Chaclacayo.

Se realizó un estudio psicométrico de la Versión Abreviada de la prueba de Matrices Progresivas de Raven (escala general) para la población estudiantil de 4to. y 5to. de secundaria de colegios estatales del distrito de Chaclacayo, teniendo como objetivos, la determinación de los niveles de confiabilidad y validez, el análisis del grado de dificultad de los ítems, el estudio del tiempo de ejecución, la baremación percentilar de las puntuaciones obtenidas y el estudio de diferencias significativas entre el genero y la edad. En primer lugar se exponen los aspectos teóricos que sustentan el instrumento, a partir de un esbozo temático sobre las concepciones de inteligencia, incidiendo más en los componentes de la teoría bifactorial de Spearman y las distintas investigaciones antecedentes relacionadas con nuestra investigación. En segundo lugar se realiza el trabajo tecnológico, determinando que el tamaño de la muestra debe ser de 244 alumnos; aplicando las formulas de validez y confiabilidad, las cuales determinan los adecuados niveles que posee la prueba; estudiando las diferencias según genero y edad, a partir del análisis de varianza, no encontrándose diferencias ni por sexo ni por edad; evaluando los niveles de dificultad de los ítems, observando que estos difieren tanto con los de la prueba original, como con los de la versión abreviada estudiada por Arteaga y Dumn en 1998; estudiándose el tiempo de ejecución, calculándose que en promedio es de 20 minutos con 34 segundos, no hallándose diferencias significativas entre varones y mujeres, y determinándose una correlación negativa baja que nos indica que a menor tiempo mejor puntuación, pero que sólo es determinante para un 10 % de la muestra, lo que no nos permitiría hacer una afirmación confiable sobre el asunto. Finalmente se elabora la tabla de baremo percentilar de la Versión Abreviada del Test de Matrices Progresivas de Raven (escala general) para la población estudiantil de 4to. y 5to. de secundaria de colegios estatales del distrito de Chaclacayo. / Tesis

My research focused on common raven (Corvus corax; hereafter raven) winter ecology and removal, and how raven removal aids Greater sage-grouse (Centrocerus urophasiansu; hereafter sage-grouse) populations. Raven winter ecology in the western US has not been described in detail. I researched raven use of landfills for foraging and raven use of anthropogenic structures for roosting, as well as dispersal of ravens in the spring. In all 22% of radio-marked ravens (n=73) used landfills during the day, and 68%(n=73) roosted at anthropogenic roost sites during the evening. Correlations between landfill and roost counts of ravens were stronger (0.4>r<0.7) when the distance between these sites was <15 km, and smaller (r<0.3) when this distance >20 km. In the spring, ravens dispersed, on average, 38 km from landfills where they were caught. Large congregations of ravens at a few sites in winter may present opportunities to initiate raven population reduction methods to alleviate later problems. I analyzed raven survival and behaviour when USDA/APHIS Wildlife Services (WS) removed ravens using DRC-1339 during winter months. The number of ravens killed annually was 7-34% of the local population. Ravens did not avoid landfills, yet they switched roosts more frequently after an application of the toxicant. Raven removal improves sage-grouse nest success; however, data were not available to examine how raven removal improves sage-grouse abundance. I analyzed changes in raven density with regard to WS removal, and then related these changes with changes in sage-grouse lek counts the following year. Raven densities decreased by 50% from 2008-2014 where WS conducted removal programs. Sage-grouse lek counts improved in area where WS lowered raven abundance, in comparison to areas farther away, during the latter half of the study (2013-2015), when WS removal efforts intensified. Thereafter, a 10% decline in raven abundance was associated with a 2% increase in sage-grouse lek counts. Overall, ravens in souther Wyoming used anthropogenic resources during the winter, and removal of ravens at these locations, combined with removal in the spring, minimally impacted raven populations annually and was associated with increases in sage-grouse abundance.

Syftet med vår studie har varit att undersöka de handleddas upplevelse av handledaren utifrån den auktoritära respektive den mer jämlika handledarrollen. För att samla in vårt material genomförde vi semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex socialsekreterare från fem olika kommuner. Kravet var att de skulle ha haft extern handledning under minst tre år. Då vi avsåg att få fram de handleddas upplevelser använde vi oss av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. Vi valde att använda oss av French och Ravens perspektiv på maktbaser för att analysera vårt material. Vårt huvudsakliga resultat visar i korta drag att några av de intervjuade socialsekreterarna har erfarenhet från auktoritära handledare men samtliga uppger att en auktoritär handledare inte är önskvärd. Däremot ser de som önskvärt att handledaren ska ha auktoritet. Vi fann att de handledda kan ha svårt att ifrågasätta handledaren. Bland annat beror det på att handledaren har en auktoritär framtoning men även att de handledda kan ha utsett handledaren till en sorts ”guru” som man inte gärna ifrågasätter. Vidare anser de handledda att det är nödvändigt att handledaren ska besitta expertkunskap, i annat fall anser de att handledningen blir meningslös. Det framkom även att de handledda har behov av att bli bekräftade i sitt arbete, en förutsättning för att de handledda ska se handledaren som duktig och kompetent.