Diplomová práce se skládá z pěti částí; každá má opodstatněný důvod a stanovený cíl. V první části teoreticko-metodologické jsem vyzvedla nejdůležitější kapitoly projektového řízení, které se prolínají do praxe. Bez znalostí teorie by ani nešlo takový velký projekt řídit a dovést do úspěšného konce. Nejvíce se opírám o splnění podmínky trojimperativu, procesu řízení projektů, a především organizování projektového týmu.

Section 5(1) of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 28 of 2002 stipulates that a prospecting and mining right granted in terms of the aforementioned Act and registered in terms of the Mining Titles Registration Act 16 of 1967 is a limited real right in respect of the mineral and the land to which it relates. Section 2(4) of the Mining Titles Registration Act 16 of 1967 determines that registration of a prospecting or mining right in terms of that act constitutes a limited real right binding on third parties. Section 1 of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 defines the effective date of a prospecting or mining right to be the date of execution thereof. In the judgement of the Minister of Mineral Resources and Others vs Mawetse (SA) Mining Corporation (Pty) Ltd, the Supreme Court of Appeal through Majiedt, J held that a prospecting right, and by implication a mining right, becomes enforceable on date of approval of the environmental management programme related to such right. In practice the approval of an environmental management programme occurs on date of execution. Considering this judgement and legislative provisions, it is obvious that a contradiction exist as to when a prospecting or mining right becomes enforceable against third parties such as landowners. The common law principle with regard to limited real rights are that limited real rights become enforceable upon registration against third parties on the basis that such registration serves as publication to the public of its existence and enforceability. The question arises whether the nature of prospecting or mining rights as limited real rights has changed from the aforementioned common law principle through the enactment of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 on whether the aforementioned act and the Mining Titles Registration Act 16 of 1967 incorporate this common law principle into the aforementioned legislation. The Mawetse - judgement deviates from both the provisions of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 and the aforementioned common law principle. It also deviated from previous case law which held that prospecting- and by implication mining rights are contractual in nature, by finding that they are the result of unilateral administrative action. If contractual in nature, it is arguable that prospecting or mining rights become enforceable on date of registration through the common law principles underpinning enforceability of limited real rights and if the result of unilateral administrative action, in terms of the Mawetse - judgement becomes enforceable on date of approval of the environmental management programme, which coincides with the date of execution. It is of importance to ascertain whether prospecting and mining rights are contractual in nature, the result of unilateral administrative action or hybrid of both to answer the question whether they are enforceable as limited real right before registration or only upon registration. The methodology to answer these questions entails a critical case study of the Mawetse - judgement and an analysis of the interpretation of statutory and common law. This dissertation will explore when prospecting and mining rights become enforceable against third parties such as landowners and secondary thereto, whether they are contractual in nature, the result of unilateral administrative action or a hybrid of both, in order to answer the primary and secondary questions that arise from the aforementioned. / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Public Law / LLM / Unrestricted

The topic of this thesis is registration of image sequences captured by experimental ophthalmoscope. It contains anatomical description of the visual system as well as the description of functions of selected ophthalmoscopic devices. The next covered topic is theoretical summary of registration process, which is followed by an overview of the used methods, which forms the basis of the design and implementation of the registration algorithm in the Python programming language. After implementation, the accuracy and computational complexity of a registration was evaluated. Tests of optimalization of the proposed approach were performed with regards to the obtained results, through which sufficiently accurate registration has been achieved, evaluated on the basis of Euclidean distances, standard deviation and visual observation. In case of high-quality recorded sequences, values of Euclidean distances ranged from 0.60 to 4.07 pixels on the contrary, values higher than 20 pixels occurred in the case of poor-quality recordings. Standard deviation values in recordings with high enough resolution have not reached worse results than 4.12.

Nuclear fuel is visually inspected during regular shutdowns in order to monitor defects and long-term changes. To enable automatic comparison of images of fuel assemblies, it is crucial to perform their registration, the implementation of which has not yet been published in the scientific literature. In this work we present an analysis of image registration techniques and similarity metrics inspired by the focus operators used in autofocus and shape-from-focus. Their performance has been evaluated using a series of experiments that tested their various properties on a novel data set obtained in cooperation with the research organization Centrum výzkumu Řež. Finally, we present and discuss the results and make recommendations on which to use in which scenario.

The system used for the taxing of dividends in South Africa (SA) has been subject to constant reform over the past two decades. The stated objective for each reformation process has remained constant since 1986, which is to align SA with international tax norms and to encourage investment into the SA economy. In the 2007 budget, the Minister of Finance announced that the new dividends tax legislation would replace the Secondary Tax on Companies (STC) legislation. STC was considered to be a complex tax system, which was only used by SA and a handful of other countries. Therefore it was difficult for foreign investors to understand the technical aspects of STC. These complexities deterred foreign investors from investing in South Africa. Dividends tax, on the other hand, is a withholding tax which is levied at a shareholder level. It is easily understood and internationally recognised. The South African Government indicated that the objective for the introduction and implementation of dividends tax in SA was to make SA a more attractive investment destination by aligning the South African system used for the taxing of dividends with internationally recognised systems. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not there are any tax incentives or benefits included in the dividends tax legislation which will encourage foreign investors to consider SA as a potential investment destination. The study is based on an extensive literature review, the exploration of STC and dividends tax legislation and also incorporate the views of previous academic research performed on this subject. This study has established that foreign investors will benefit from the implementation of dividends tax in SA. The benefits for foreign investors are not necessarily embedded in the dividends tax legislation, but there are still benefits that can be enjoyed from applying this type of system for the taxing of dividends declared and distributed. The objective for the implementation of dividends tax was to align SA with international tax norms and to encourage investment in SA. This study has revealed that the introduction of dividends tax has achieved this objective. It further established that the legislation is not particularly partial towards one type of shareholder or investor but rather that dividends tax strives to increase investment opportunities in order to stimulate growth in SA. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / lmchunu2014 / Taxation / unrestricted

fMRI imaging is considered key on the understanding of the brain and the mind, for this reason has been the subject of tremendous research connecting different disciplines. The intrinsic complexity of this 4-D type of data processing and analysis has been approached with every single computational perspective, lately increasing the trend to include artificial intelligence. One step critical on the fMRI pipeline is image registration. A model of Deep Networks based on Fully Convolutional Neural Networks, spatial transformation neural networks with a self-learning strategy was proposed for the implementation of a Fully deformable model image registration algorithm. Publicly available fMRI datasets with images from real-life subjects were used for training, testing and validating the model. The model performance was measured in comparison with ANTs deformable registration method with good results suggesting that Deep Learning can be used successfully for the development of the field using the basic strategy of studying the brain using the brain-self strategies.

Magister Legum - LLM / International law explains the significance of the right to a birth certificate,1 birth registration and what it means to be a national of a specific state.2 International law also explains how important the right to birth registration is and how it has historically been connected to the right to nationality.3 Legal scholars have over the years provided insights as to how international and national law can best address the right to birth registration.4 In South Africa the DHA does not issue birth certificates to children born to undocumented non-South Africans or documented non-South Africans with both parents holders of foreign documentation with the exception of non-South Africans with permanent residential permit.

This study focuses on children's right to birth registration in Zimbabwe. The research focuses on a children's rights based approach to birth registration and interrogates the government's adherence to article 6(2) of the African Children's Charter. Key recommendations are drawn from best practices in other jurisdictions and international human rights standards. / Mini Dissertation (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2021. / Centre for Human Rights / LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa) / Unrestricted

Numerical oceanographic models are constantly improving and must be validated when improvements are made. One means of determining how to improve these models and performing validations is to compare model predictions to the future observed outcome, which is measured many ways, including satellite imagery. Comparisons of model forecasts to future satellite images result in error measurements. One common problem with modern oceanographic models is spatial error, i.e., the incorrect placement and shape of ocean features, rendering traditional error metrics such as mean-square and cross-correlation ineffective. Such problems are common in meteorological forecast verification as well, so the application of spatial error metrics have been a recently popular topic in that field of study. Spatial error metrics separate model error into a displacement component and an amplitude component, providing a more reliable assessment of numerical model inaccuracies and a more descriptive portrayal of model prediction skill.The application of spatial error metrics to oceanographic models has been sparse, and significantly further advances exist in the medical imaging and registration field. These advances are presented, along with modifications necessary for application to oceanographic model output and satellite imagery. Standard approaches and options for those methods in the literature are explored, and where the best arrangements of options are unclear, comparison studies are conducted. The first of these trials require the reproduction of synthetic displacements in conjunction with synthetic amplitude perturbations across 480 Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) temperature fields from various regions of the globe throughout 2009. Results revealed the success of certain approaches novel to both meteorology and oceanography, including B-spline transforms and mutual information. That, combined with other common methods, such as quasi-Newton optimization and land masking, could best recover the synthetic displacements under various synthetic intensity changes. The second set of trials compare temperature fields from NCOM and Navy Layered Ocean Model (NLOM), both 1/16-degree and 1/32-degree, to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery. Lessons learned from the first trials were applied and extended. The resulting methods algorithmically reproduced portions of a previous hand-analyzed study and were successful in separating spatial from amplitude (temperature) errors.

Traditional deformable registration methods have achieved impressive performances but are computationally time-consuming since they have to optimize an objective function for each new pair of images. Very recently some learning-based approaches have been proposed to enable fast registration by learning to estimate the spatial transformation parameters directly from the input images. Here we present a method for 3D fast pairwise registration of brain MR images. We model the deformation function with B-splines and learn the optimal control points using a U-Net like CNN architecture. An inverse-consistency loss has been used to enforce diffeomorphicity of the deformation. The proposed algorithm does not require supervised information such as segmented labels but some can be used to help the registration process. We also implemented several strategies to account for the multi-resolution nature of the problem. The method has been evaluated on MICCAI 2012 brain MRI datasets, and evaluated on both similarity and invertibility of the computed transformation.