Uganda’s tourism industry is a major source of foreign exchange income, creating much-needed employment and development opportunities. This study provided an overview of motivations and characteristics of non-resident visitors to Uganda. This exploratory research was conducted in Uganda during July and August 2011. Information obtained includes the popular activities and places visited, visitor expenditures, demographic information, motivation for visiting Uganda, and motivation for traveling and volunteering in general. This study concluded that the majority of non-resident visitors leaving Uganda were volunteers, with a majority being religious volunteers who did not represent a sustainable tourism market within Uganda. Data provided in this study can allow tourism stakeholders to draw conclusions on what is needed in Uganda to help the tourism sector to continue growing more sustainably and to remain competitive amongst other East African tourist destinations.

The major question which was dealt with in this thesis was exactly what the experience of the Muncie residents who are currently a part of the Muncie HOPE VI Program has been. I explored through a series of five in-depth interviews the feelings and true opinions of these residents. We discussed issues such as: what life was like for them in Munsyana, how they felt when they heard that they were being relocated, how life has been for them since they were relocated, and where and how they would have changed the process for the better.Many of the residents feel that relocation was a positive step in their lives. The residents continually stated that there were still things that were not quite where they should be with the program; however, they would not change their current living situations for anything. / Department of Urban Planning

This thesis explores the management of cross-cultural conflict by Resident Advisors (RA) at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, Canada. A total of twelve RAs were interviewed on the policies and expected practices of RAs, how these policies are implemented and whether these policies are effective in resolving cross-cultural conflict. This research analyzes and demonstrates that besides conflict itself, the discourse of conflict--how one speaks about conflict--and its representation are equally important. In many circumstances, the cultural discourse and its representation are not only a major part of the problem, but even a source of it. I argue that a narrow conceptualization of culture in the expected dispute resolution practices of RAs constrains the management of disputes between residents. Examples of disputes pertaining to nationality, racial and sexual discrimination, drugs, and alcohol illustrate the use of culture as a controlling factor in conflict, defining culture as bounded and discrete. This neglects the underlying structural issues at play, serving only to reproduce conflict and to ensure that social and economic inequities are passed on.

Patient centred collaborative practice between nurses and physicians is currently being promoted worldwide. There is increasing evidence that post licensure interprofessional educational interventions improve patient outcomes but similar evidence for pre-licensure interprofessional learning is lacking. The impact of contemporary nursing and medical education on graduates’ ability to collaborate in the workplace is also unclear. To address this gap, an interview based qualitative study underpinned by hermeneutic phenomenology and informed by the theoretical lens of social identity was designed. Eleven junior registered nurses and eleven junior residents from a single healthcare jurisdiction each, in Canada and the United Kingdom (UK) were interviewed to explore how the processes that lead to socialization, professional identification and identity formation in professional schools are perceived to influence collaborative teamwork upon graduation. Data were as analyzed through iterative naive and thematic interpretations aligned with the hermeneutic process, to arrive at a comprehensive understanding. The impact of contemporary undergraduate nursing and medical education on the ability to practice collaboratively was found to be obfuscated by internal contradictions and overshadowed by the contingencies and demands of the workplace, during residency and early nursing practice in both locations. In medical schools, the intense socialization described in literature was replaced by individual reflection and a struggle to maintain work-life balance. Values internalized were of a sense of responsibility and hard work. Students espoused an attitude of collaboration but lacked training in enabling competencies and practical application. Exposure to interprofessional learning and its impact was variable and inconsistent and formal assertions of collaboration were not consistently modeled by faculty. In nursing schools, the value of caring, self-awareness and assertiveness was promoted. Training for collaboration with physicians was largely transactional and teaching about the status of the nurse vis-à-vis the physician was mired in contradictions. Residents and the nurses could not rely on their experience of professional school as they transited to the workplace. Initiation was frequently precipitous and contingencies of the workplace determined how they acted. For residents the community of clinical practice was fluid and repeatedly new. Both residents and nurses were overwhelmed by unpreparedness, workload, and responsibility and acted to get by and get the job done. Residents learned to preface doing the best for the patient and not compromising patient care, while nurses became proficient at routine tasks and found fulfilment as the patient’s advocate. There was a propensity for conflict when uniprofessional roles and values collided. In busy wards each group had interdependent but competing priorities which lead to adversarial expressions of uniprofessional identity and consequent derogatory out-group stereotyping. In contrast situations demanding urgent focused attention, such as a cardiac arrest, lead to the spontaneous formation of a collaborative team which briefly expressed an interprofessional identity. Complex cross-generational and gender based interactions were sometimes adversarial and provoked resentment. Consequently junior nurses retreated to derive fulfilment as the patient`s advocate while residents looked forward to collaborating with other health professionals on their own terms, in the future. Neither contemporary professional education nor the hospital environment sustained consistent collaborative practice. / Graduate

The Resident-Medical Student Shadowing Program is a novel program in which first-year medical students shadowed a first-year resident during their clinical duties. It was developed to enhance the preparedness of medical students for clinical training. To examine the program’s effectiveness, a randomized control trial was conducted within a concurrent triangulation mixed methods study. Student participants were compared to controls using validated questionnaires. Participants’ experiences were further explored using semi-structured interviews. Results indicate that participation gave students an understanding of the clinical environment and their role within it, and taught them the skills and knowledge needed to perform that role. Students’ learning was enhanced by the relationship developed with their resident, facilitated by the residents’ approachability and relatability and their dedication to teaching. Residents, in turn, gained expertise in teaching and learned about professionalism. Suggestions for implementing this program in the future as well as future directions for research are discussed. / Measurement, Evaluation and Cognition

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 125). / ii, 166 leaves, bound ill., map 29 cm

Thesis (M.A.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-189). Also available on the World Wide Web.

This thesis explores the management of cross-cultural conflict by Resident Advisors (RA) at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, Canada. A total of twelve RAs were interviewed on the policies and expected practices of RAs, how these policies are implemented and whether these policies are effective in resolving cross-cultural conflict. This research analyzes and demonstrates that besides conflict itself, the discourse of conflict--how one speaks about conflict--and its representation are equally important. In many circumstances, the cultural discourse and its representation are not only a major part of the problem, but even a source of it. I argue that a narrow conceptualization of culture in the expected dispute resolution practices of RAs constrains the management of disputes between residents. Examples of disputes pertaining to nationality, racial and sexual discrimination, drugs, and alcohol illustrate the use of culture as a controlling factor in conflict, defining culture as bounded and discrete. This neglects the underlying structural issues at play, serving only to reproduce conflict and to ensure that social and economic inequities are passed on.

A majority of Sweden’s population, about 80 %, lives in urban environments, and a majority of them live in residential complexes with shared residential yards. People spend a large part of their time in or around their home, which is why the outside environment and the green space in the area play an important part in a person’s well being. The green yard offers space for children’s activities, recreation, solitude, relaxation and gardening and gives the opportunity to learn and understand nature and its processes. The green yard also constitutes a part of the city’s factual green structure, informal green spaces that are not owned by the city and are therefore not included in the formal planning processes. The green residential yards also provide a number of ecosystem services such as climate regulation, purification of water and air and rainwater infiltration, all of which are of importance in the fight against climate change. The goal of this thesis has been to present the advantages an improved planning and maintenance of the urban green space and the residential yard in particular can offer. A number of important properties and functions that affect a yard’s functionality and how it is perceived are also presented and explained. The paper also aims to offer a better understanding of the garden’s role in improving the social conditions in the neighbourhood, and of the importance of involving the residents in planning and maintaining the green spaces. A number of case studies and analyses offer a more concrete perspective on the real world situations, and of successful refurbishment projects. Involving the residents in the formal planning and building processes has been proved to have positive effects on revitalising areas such as Gårdsten in Göteborg. Tenant involvement in open space management can lead to a positive spiral where people start caring for and identifying themselves with their neighbourhood, which can reduce the degree of stigmatisation and marginalisation.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem, which is proving extremely difficult to control in the absence of an effective vaccine. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only vaccine currently licensed against TB, demonstrates variable efficacy in humans and cattle. A greater understanding of what constitutes a protective host immune response is required in order to aid the development of improved vaccines. Tissue-resident memory T cells (T_RM) are a recently-identified subset of T cells, which may represent an important aspect of protective immunity to TB. This thesis aims to characterise the role of lung T_RM in BCG-induced protection against TB. In a mouse model, intravascular staining allowed discrimination between lung-vascular and lung-parenchymal T cells. Experiments demonstrated that BCG vaccination induced a population of antigen-specific lung-parenchymal CD4⁺ T cells, a putative tissue-resident population. This lung-parenchymal population was significantly increased in frequency following mucosal BCG vaccination, compared to systemic BCG vaccination. This correlated with enhanced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection in the lungs of mice receiving mucosal BCG, compared to those receiving systemic BCG. Mucosal BCG induced lung-parenchymal CD4⁺ T cells with enhanced proliferative capacity and a PD1⁺KLRG1^- cell-surface phenotype, a memory-like phenotype associated with improved protection against M.tb infection. These cells may represent a BCG-induced lung T_RM population responsible for the enhanced protection observed following mucosal BCG. Overall, this thesis highlights the potential of mucosal vaccination to elicit lung T_RM and identifies this as a possible immunological mechanism underlying enhanced protection against M.tb infection. These cells may constitute an important target for future vaccination strategies.