Vitamin A and its derivatives, known as retinoids, are involved in a number of functions in the developing and adult brain (Lane et al., 2005). Roaccutane (13-cis-retinoic acid, 13-cis-RA) is a synthetic retinoid used for the treatment of severe cystic acne, although its use has been controversially associated with adverse psychiatric events including depression. In this thesis, the presence of retinoid receptors in the rat hippocampus was verified and a similar profile of expression was observed in the rat raphe nuclei for the first time. The expression of retinoid receptors in brain regions that are implicitly associated with depression pathology provides proof of concept for retinoids to influence depressive behaviour. The ability of 13-cis-RA treatment to induce a pro-depressive profile in animal models of depression-related behaviour was tested. In the resident-intruder paradigm, adult rats treated for 7 or 14 days with 13-cis-RA (1mg/kg, i.p.) showed reduced aggressive behaviour, with a concomitant increase in flight submit and flight escape behaviours, compared with vehicle-treated controls. These findings are indicative of increased depression-related behaviour. However, chronic treatment did not alter depression-related behaviour in the forced swim test and sucrose consumption anhedonia paradigms The molecular mechanisms mediating 13-cis-RA-induced depression were investigated by examining monoaminergic gene expression, protein levels and neurotransmitter levels in rat brain tissue and plasma and an in vitro model. The majority of serotonergic components (SERT, 5-HT1AR, 5-HT1BR and MAOA) were not altered by chronic 13-cis-RA treatment, with the possible exception of TPH2 gene/protein expression and increased 5-HT levels in platelets. In fact, the expression of D2 dopamine receptor was significantly elevated in the RN46A-B14 cell line (10μM 13-cis-RA, 48 h) and was similarly elevated at the protein level in the juvenile rat hippocampus (1mg/kg/day, i.p., 6 weeks), suggesting dopaminergic pathways may be of importance. There was also a trend in the data to suggest that 13-cis-RA-treated juvenile rats may be more susceptible the molecular alterations than corresponding adult rats. xii

Acute lower respiratory tract infections are a persistent and pervasive public health burden, often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Hospitalization rates due to pneumonia fall dramatically during early childhood, remain low during early adult years, and then increase steadily around middle age. The low-susceptibility period of early adulthood is likely due to frequent respiratory exposures to diverse pneumococcal serotypes resulting in serotype-independent heterotypic immunity. We hypothesize that resolution of repeated respiratory pneumococcal infections establish capsule-independent, lung-resident adaptive immunity that protects against subsequent unrelated pneumococcal pneumonia. In our model of naturally acquired heterotypic immunity, mice are infected with diverse serotypes of pneumococci in the respiratory tract, given time to recover, and then challenged by pulmonary infection with a highly virulent serotype 3 pneumococcus (Sp3). Prior exposures to unrelated pneumococci resulted in multi-log reductions in Sp3 bacterial lung burdens and long-term sterilizing immunity. The enhanced lung defense during pneumonia included more Th17 cells in the lung and significantly elevated IL-17A as well as neutrophils in the airspaces. Depletion of CD4+ cells resulted in less effective antibacterial defense. Upon ex vivo stimulation with pneumococcus lung-resident CD4+ cells produced multiple protective cytokines including IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-22, IL-2, and TNF-α. In protected lungs, there were increased numbers of CD4+ resident memory T (TRM) cells, confined to the anatomic region of the initial infections. Heterotypic protection was also confined to the site of previous pneumococcal infections. Previously-exposed mice challenged in their contralateral lobes were not protected. RNAseq analysis of heterotypic lungs 24h after Sp3 infection revealed an enrichment of lymphocyte-related pathways including immunoglobulin and other B cell-related genes. B cell-deficient µMT-/- mice exposed to pneumococci had intermediate protection against Sp3 pneumonia, better than naïve mice but less effective than fully immunocompetent peers. Plasma from mice previously exposed to pneumococci was sufficient to protect naïve mice against Sp3 pneumonia. We conclude that mechanisms of naturally-acquired heterotypic protection against pneumococcus involve both lung-resident cell-mediated and humoral immunity and importantly this protection can be compartmentalized within the lung. Advancing our understanding of these mechanisms will guide future vaccine development and treatment strategies for lung disease.

Conversations concerning the missional posture of 1 Peter have been dictated largely by the now (in)famous debate between David Balch’s assimilationist position over and against John Elliott’s more sectarian position. More recent work has sought to bridge the gap between Balch and Elliott with a variety of more nuanced positions such as Miroslav Volf’s “Soft Difference”. Most of the discussion revolves around the practicalities of cultural engagement and what it might mean for church members to interact with the world as “Christians” in an increasingly hostile environment. The present thesis takes a step back from the coal face of missional engagement to focus on how that mission is shaped. More particularly, I am concerned with how 1 Peter utilises the language of divine calling (καλέω) that appears in five specific instances (1:13–21; 2:4–10; 2:18–25; 3:8–17; 5:6–14), alongside central events and motifs from the Old Testament, to cultivate a narrative that forges a distinct Christian identity and mission, that has its basis in Israel’s history and the life of Christ. Our concern with narrative and cultural interaction leads us to consider the relevant Petrine texts, through the dual lenses of Social Identity and Narrative Transportation theories which reveal how various groups interact, and how narratives shape actions and beliefs respectively. I argue that through the language of calling, and with the assistance of key OT motifs, 1 Peter seeks to develop a Christian identity that might be best described as “elect sojourners”; that believers are those who are elect of God and yet rejected by the world. This identity manifests itself in a life of “resident-alien-ness”—in the world, yet no longer of the world—that consequently leads to various forms of suffering. Amid such suffering, 1 Peter calls the church to a priestly ministry—representing God to the people, and the people to God—through a life geared towards blessing, even when such a life leads to suffering. This is the life to which the Anatolian believers have been called: a life of holiness as a priestly community, committed to the gracious endurance of suffering, and of blessing those who would oppose them.

No description available.

This Master`s degree thesis examines the process of gradual liberalization of legal restrictions which, in the past, hindered the foreign exchange non-residents in the real estate acquisition in the Czech Republic. The process was decisively influenced by the Czech Republic`s membership in the European Union, this being the reason for the largest portion of the thesis examining the Czech Republic`s commitments, stemming in the field of real estate acquisition by foreign exchange non-residents from the Agreement on Accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union and the problematic of their implementation into the national legislation. Some attention is also dedicated to questions of practical implementation of mentioned national legislation as well as further international legal commitments of the Czech Republic, which influence the national legal regime in the field of real estate acquisition by foreign exchange non-residents.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-12-05T16:57:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Valéria Moraes Katopodis.pdf: 3715393 bytes, checksum: 873711c812b26065ae0367f0db9808dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-05T16:57:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valéria Moraes Katopodis.pdf: 3715393 bytes, checksum: 873711c812b26065ae0367f0db9808dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / This thesis aims to identify, describe and analyze the stress process in multiprofessional residents of the health area of a school hospital located in Goiânia, Goiás and evaluate the effects of the Body Conscious Movement (MCC) in its stress management. MCC is understood to be a technique of body oriented psychotherapy that is based on Reichian theory and on the theory of body movement groups, which favor the accomplishment of clinical empirical studies. This research was registered and approved in the Research Ethics Committee of Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Goiás, under number 100/2010. This thesis, is structured in two bibliographical reviews, one with the methodology of a systematic review and another one integrative of the literature, and in two empirical studies. The journals, magazines and websites related to theories, books, annals of congresses and reports of experiences, were used for the reviews. The first empirical study was attended by 39 residents and the statistical analyzes performed were descriptive, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis. In the second empirical study seven residents participated and it was developed in two moments before and after MCC intervention, which occurred in 13 twohour weekly sessions. In the first study it was possible to detect that the residents presented significant stress levels to deal with adverse situations during the Multiprofessional Health Residency Program, which is in the resistance phase. In the second empirical study, it was found that there was a statistically significant improvement in relation to psychic stress, psychosomatic disorders and general health in its entirety. / Esta tese tem como objetivo identificar, descrever e analisar o processo de estresse em residentes multiprofissional da área da saúde de um hospital-escola situado em Goiânia, Goiás e avaliar os efeitos da Movimentação Consciente do Corpo, que é uma técnica da psicoterapia corporal, no manejo do estresse. Esta pesquisa foi registrada e aprovada no Comitê de Ética sob o nº 100/2010. Participaram dessa pesquisa 41 residentes multiprofissionais com idade entre 20 e 35 anos de ambos os sexos. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de 􀁄􀁙􀁄􀁏􀁌􀁄􀁯􀁭􀁒􀀃􀁇􀁈􀀃􀁈􀁖􀁗􀁕􀁈􀁖􀁖􀁈􀀝􀀃􀀬􀁑􀁙􀁈􀁑􀁗􀁩􀁕􀁌􀁒􀀃􀁇􀁈􀀃􀀵􀁈􀁄􀁯􀁽􀁈􀁖􀀃􀀩􀁌􀁖􀁌􀁒􀁏􀁹􀁊􀁌􀁆􀁄􀁖􀀃􀁇􀁒􀀃􀀨􀁖􀁗􀁕􀁈􀁖􀁖􀁈􀀃􀀋􀄮􀀠􀀓􀀏􀀜􀀓􀀌􀀞􀀃􀀬􀁑􀁙􀁈􀁑􀁗􀁩􀁕􀁌􀁒􀀃􀁇􀁈􀀃 􀀶􀁗􀁕􀁈􀁖􀁖􀀃 􀁓􀁄􀁕􀁄􀀃 􀀤􀁇􀁘􀁏􀁗􀁒􀁖􀀃 􀁇􀁈􀀃 􀀯􀁌􀁓􀁓􀀃 􀀋􀄮􀀠􀀓􀀏􀀜􀀔􀀌􀀞􀀃 􀀴􀁘􀁈􀁖􀁗􀁌􀁒􀁑􀁩􀁕􀁌􀁒􀀃 􀁇􀁈􀀃 􀀶􀁄􀁾􀁇􀁈􀀃 􀀪􀁈􀁕􀁄􀁏􀀃 􀁇􀁈􀀃 􀀪􀁒􀁏􀁇􀁅􀁈􀁕􀁊􀀃 􀂱􀀃 􀀶􀀳􀀃 􀀋􀄮􀀠􀀓􀀏􀀛􀀜􀀌􀀏􀀃􀀧􀀰􀀃􀀋􀄮􀀠􀀓􀀏􀀛􀀜􀀌􀀏􀀃􀀧􀀧􀀃􀀋􀄮􀀠􀀓􀀏􀀛􀀜􀀌􀀏􀀃􀀧􀀶􀀃􀀋􀄮􀀠􀀓􀀏􀀛􀀓􀀌􀀏􀀃􀀧􀀳􀀃􀀋􀄮􀀠􀀓􀀏􀀛􀀖􀀌􀀏􀀃􀀶􀀪􀀃􀀋􀄮􀀠􀀓􀀏􀀜􀀖􀀌􀀑􀀃􀀨􀁖􀁗􀁄􀀃􀁗􀁈􀁖􀁈􀀃􀁈􀁖􀁗􀁩􀀃 estruturada em duas revisões bibliográficas e dois artigos empíricos, sendo que o primeiro estudo empírico teve a participação de 39 residentes e as análises estatísticas realizadas foram descritivas, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. No segundo estudo empírico participaram sete residentes e foi desenvolvido em dois momentos pré e pós intervenção da MCC, que ocorreu em 13 sessões de duas horas semanais. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS-20). No primeiro estudo foi possível detectar que os residentes apresentaram níveis de estresse significantes para lidar com situações adversas durante o Programa de Residência Multiprofissional da Saúde encontrando-se na fase de resistência. No segundo estudo empírico constatou-se que houve melhora estatisticamente significante em relação ao estresse psíquico, ao distúrbios psicossomáticos e à saúde geral na sua totalidade.

In November 1558, Elizabeth I ascended the throne of England as a single Queen with Protestant tendencies in a male-dominated Catholic world. Her council believed it was imperative that she marry immediately, and the rest of Western Europe agreed. Catholic suitors sought to bring England back under Catholic control. Protestant suitors hoped for an ally in the religious wars that were ravaging Europe. Even Englishmen sought to become king. Ambassadors from the Spanish Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Baltics and Scotland came to negotiate the suits of their monarchs. Ambassadorial correspondences are often used as primary source material for historians, yet few rarely recognize the importance of the ambassador and his role in the court, especially during the marriage negotiations of Elizabeth I. Ambassadors left their home to live in a foreign country, often for long periods of time. The ambassadors were the embodiment of their sovereigns during the negotiations, and often success or failure rested on their abilities. An ambassador was the eyes and ears of the Elizabethan court for his sovereign in a foreign country. They wrote minutely detailed letters that included basic facts and information along with court gossip and personal opinions and recommendations. Their intimate relationship with the Queen and her court made their recommendations invaluable to their monarch. They were far more than mere note takers and should be recognized as such. The focus of this thesis deals primarily with the ambassadorial reports of the Spanish and Hapsburg ambassadors as they participated in the negotiations in one form or another during the time frame discussed, 1558-1560. They also not only wrote about their own negotiations but the negotiations involving Protestant and English suitors. Their reports are full of pertinent information that, without, their monarchs would have been blind to the goings on of the English court. The marriage of Elizabeth I was seen as a priority by all except her. During the first two years of her reign, more than a half dozen suits were pursued, not just by kings and dukes, earls and knights, but, more importantly, by their ambassadors.

The importance of nurse residency programs is addressed in the literature; however, a review of residency program outcomes and effectiveness is needed. Guided by Roy's adaptation model and Deming's plan-do-check-act model, the purpose of this quality improvement project was to assess the current state of a longstanding critical care nurse residency program in meeting organizational goals and objectives and to recommend modifications to the program related to external factors, internal challenges, and educational deficits of nurses entering the program. A review of the evidence-based literature and feedback from focus groups of leadership stakeholders were used to develop recommendations for residency program improvement. Using qualitative analysis of the focus group data, three common themes emerged related to external factors: financial resources, patient acuity, and generational differences that influence nurse satisfaction with the residency program. Three additional themes emerged related to organizational barriers to satisfaction with the program: preceptor availability and development, limited training hours due to productivity standards, and leader time to support novice nurses. Reality shock when starting to practice in the high acuity critical care area was the most frequently reported educational deficit among new nurses. Recommendations for program improvement included obtaining feedback from residency program participants and preceptors, initiating preceptor development pathways, reinstituting a dedicated cost center for nurse residents' training, and using competency assessment tools to customize training plans for residency program participants. This project has the potential for social change by increasing job satisfaction and retention of new nurses and improving health outcomes in critical care patients.

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major cause of serious respiratory illness worldwide, leading to approximately 5 million severe cases and 500,000 deaths per year. Given the disease severity, associated economic costs, and recent appearance of novel IAV strains, there is a renewed interest in developing novel and efficacious “universal” IAV vaccination strategies as well as therapeutic remedies. Previous studies from our laboratory have concentrated on IAV-specific CD8 T cell-mediated protection against IAV infection as IAV-specific CD8 T cells are needed for efficient clearance of virus. Recent studies highlight that immunizations capable of generating local (i.e., nasal mucosa and lung) tissue-resident memory T and B cells in addition to systemic immunity offer the greatest protection against future IAV encounters. Current IAV vaccines are designed to largely stimulate IAV-specific antibodies, but do not generate the lung-resident memory T and B cells induced during IAV infections. In order to effectively generate lung-resident memory populations, it is believed a local antigen depot is needed as tissue-resident memory formation is enhanced by the presence of local antigen. Recently, polyanhydride nanoparticles have been demonstrated to slowly release their contents at the site of inoculation serving as an antigen depot. However, the ability of an intranasal vaccination with polyanhydride nanoparticles to induce IAV-specific lung-resident immune responses and provide protection against subsequent IAV infection has not been determined. Here, I report on the intranasal administration of a biocompatible polyanhydride nanoparticle-based IAV vaccine (IAV-nanovax). IAV-nanovax is capable of providing protection against subsequent homologous and heterologous IAV infections in both inbred and outbred populations. My findings demonstrate that vaccination with IAV-nanovax promotes the induction of germinal center B cells within the lungs that are associated with both systemic IAV-specific IgG as well as local lung IAV-specific IgG and IgA antibodies. Furthermore, intranasal IAV-nanovax vaccination leads to a significant increase in IAV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells within the lung vasculature as well as in the lung tissue. Most importantly, my studies demonstrate that IAV-nanovax induced lung-resident IAV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells express canonical tissue-resident memory markers. This dissertation further explores a novel regulation pathway previously identified by our laboratory where plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) eliminate IAV-specific CD8 T cells early during high-dose and high-pathogenic IAV infections in a FasL:Fas (pDCs:CD8 T cell) dependent manner. However, recent studies suggest that B cells are the predominate lymphocyte to express FasL in mice. Here, I demonstrate that FasLpos B cells greatly outnumber FasLpos pDC within the lung draining lymph nodes (dLNs) during IAV infections. Interestingly, my results demonstrate the presence of two subsets, CD11cpos and CD11cneg, of FasL-expressing B cells that differentially influence the IAV-specific CD8 T cell response during high-dose IAV infections. While CD11cneg B cells kill IAV-specific CD8 T cells, contributing to lethality during high-dose IAV infections, CD11cpos B cells may instead be protective. In addition to the negative impacts of high-dose IAV infections, I also demonstrate that chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption detrimentally impacts existing IAV-specific CD8 T cell memory responses. Here, my results reveal that chronic EtOH consumption causes a numerical loss in existing IAV-specific CD8 T cell memory responses. This numerical loss in existing IAV-specific CD8 T cell memory is associated with a reduction in cytotoxic activity within the lungs as well as an increase in morbidity and mortality during a secondary IAV challenge. Together, the results presented herein demonstrate the ability of a novel polyanhydride nanovaccine to induce robust pulmonary IAV-specific T and B cell responses and further our understanding of factors that can negatively impact IAV-specific CD8 T cells as well as protection against IAV infection. Overall these findings highlight the importance of IAV-specific CD8 T cells, as well as CD4 T cells and B cells, in providing protection against IAV infections.

Bakgrund: I Sverige finns det en ökad population av äldre människor som behöver vård. Vård för äldre kan ske i äldreboenden där de står i kontakt med sjuksköterskan. Äldreboendet betraktas som ett andra hem med utrustning där äldre patienter kan använda sina resurser till att leva ett självständigt liv. Syfte: Att belysa hur äldre patienter erfar mötet med sjuksköterskan inom äldreboende. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie med deskriptiv syntes. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i två teman och fyra subteman. Det första temat är Erfarenheten av välbefinnande med tillhörande subteman; Att vara tillfredsställd i vårdmötet och Att ha behov behov av närhet. Det andra temat är Vikten av kommunikationen med tillhörande subteman; Att anpassa sig till den nya miljön och Att ha en meningsfull relation med sjuksköterskan. Slutsats: Erfarenheter av trygghet kunde uppkomma när sjuksköterskan behandlade de äldre patienten som en unik människa genom att intressera sig för dem, visa respekt, förståelse och initierande av kommunikation. Otrygghet kunde uppkomma när sjuksköterskan styrdes utifrån egna attityder och fördommar genom att ignorera eller inte visa hänsyn till äldre patienterna. / Background: In Sweden there is an increased population of elderly people who need care. Care for elderly can take place in elderly homes where they are in contact with the nurse. The elderly home is regarded as a second home with equipment in which the patients can use their resources to live an independant life. Aim: To illustrate older patient's experiences of meeting with the nurse within the elderly home. Method: A qualitative literature study with descriptive synthesis. Result: The analysis resulted two themes and four sub-themes. The first theme is The experience of well-being with the sub-theme; To be satisfied with the care meeting and To have a need for closeness. The second theme is The importance of communication with the associated sub-theme; To adapt to the new environment and To experience a meaningfull relationship with the nurse. Conclusion: Experience of security could arise when the nurse treats older patients as uniqe person by being interested in them, showing respect, understandning and initiating communication. Insecurity could arise when the nurse is guided by his or her own attitudes and prejudices by ignoring or disregarding older patients.