This thesis maps the values that have guided the asylum policy decisions of Australia's political leaders over the past half-century, drawing on archival records and interviews with former immigration ministers and senior public servants. For comparative purposes, it also maps the values shaping the views of asylum among leaders of a supra-national organization (the European Commission) and of a major non-government organization (the Jesuit Refugee Service). The findings support the view that a culture of control permeates Australian asylum policy decisions, and that the quest for control stems from perceptions of national interest as articulated in immigration and foreign policy. However, beneath this it shows the primary values shaping policy to be nation building and good governance in the case of the Australian leaders, and (European) community building in the case of European Commission leaders. Building on a 'caring for us, caring for them' conundrum found running through the values of all three groups of leaders, and seeking a secular equivalent to the faith-inspired relational approach of the Jesuit Refugee Service leaders, the thesis explores the contribution an ethics of care might make to asylum policy design, delivery and evaluation. It argues that such an approach, in which care is conceived as a value, process and practice rather than a sentiment or theory, is well suited to the area, especially when refined to provide for the work of empathy and imagination. It concludes by considering the potential implications for Australian asylum policy if an ethics of care were adopted. The primary goals of the thesis are a better understanding of the issues involved in asylum policy, and the articulation of an ethical approach potentially as engaging of policy insiders as of policy spectators.

Abstract The newly emerging crime of fraud is classified as a new form of crime. The type of fraud is just like an amoeba with unpredictable forms. This type of crime is also rare overseas. Since 1997 as economy evolves, electronics communication prospers and internet becomes more common in Taiwan, several new crimes of fraud such as lottery, credit mortgage, purchasing, or cell phone text messaging have started to emerge. Some common characteristics of these newly emerging crimes are the use of large volumes of counterfeit documents, fraudulent accounts or deceptive phone calls to fake any forged but vivid and intense scenarios that induce or threaten victims to transfer money into fraudulent accounts appointed by the criminal group and seriously breach people's financial safety protected by law. Although a number of public order, electronic communication and financial authorities and businesses have already enforced internal policies to prevent the fraud. However a statistic collected by the criminal police department shows that the number of fraud cases has increased drastically by 42.6 times in the past 11 years. Due to large number of victims and the urgency pushed by the people and public opinion, The Executive Yuan of the Republic of China has established an ¡§Anti-Fraud Cross Functional Coordination Meeting¡¨ to coordinate the process from the perspective of public policies. However the progress is generally considered slow. The crimes has penetrated to the society and stretched into numerous forms. It has even lead to negative social external effect. This study focuses on the legal prevention system of newly emerging crime of fraud and references to other related administrative laws. The main theoretical framework is based on the basic theory of administrative laws which include theory, organization, right, relief and supervision. Finally the purpose of the theoretical framework is to evaluate the followings: effectiveness of anti-fraud actions in Taiwan, completeness of the current regulations, cooperation of various government authorities, and cooperation between the private financial organizations and communications businesses. This study will also find out whether it will be effective to establish a public order committee under the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China or a national crime research institute as in other developed countries to support the government in fighting against crime; whether a ¡§financial police department¡¨ is necessary; and how China and Taiwan can cooperate through multi-delegation to battle against the crimes conducted by criminals or fugitives from justice who hide at the other side of the shore.

none

none

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Yale University, 1911. / Bibliography: p. [173]-181.

Thesis--Universität Hamburg. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 273-285).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 459-492). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Master / Master of Science in Real Estate and Construction

The institution of property rights, as an important category of constraints or restrictions on human behaviour, provides rules of competition, and delineates the social and legal relationship between a resource owner and the others throughout the world. Forms of ownership rights to resources affect the efficiency of their use. The consensus is that in a real world with significant transactions costs and scarce resources, private property right systems lead to more efficient resource allocation than the others do. Previous studies about economic implications of non-exclusive resources have focused on the problems of resource misallocations. A few studies also worked on the effects that alternate property rights structures have on the prices and variations in prices of non-exclusive resources. However, the economic analysis of property rights attribute of natural resources used as building materials, such as natural sand and wood, is still an unexplored research area. The objective of the whole research is to empirically verify Angello and Donnelley's (1975) property rights thesis, as reinterpreted by Lai (1993a) and Lai and Yu (1995), that the variations in prices of non-exclusive resources are much greater than those under more exclusive ownership; and to identify, alternatively, the factors that might have affected ownership rights, inferred from changes in the variations in prices of the resources. In this thesis, published historical data of natural sand, Total declared costs of new buildings completed, Gross & Usable floor area, Gross value of construction work, and published government data of prices for selected buildings materials, namely Portland cement, sand, hardwood, and plywood, were used. The prices of captured and cultured shrimps, which are collected from super market and street market by the author, were also checked and used. These resources are subject to different degrees of access restrictions and, hence, are good candidates for testing the hypotheses. Basically, the hypotheses formulated in this research are strongly supported. The main findings are that the variations in prices of non-exclusive resources are greater than those of exclusive resources; for the same resource, the price ratios of exclusive resource and non-exclusive resource would fall over time. This is an original contribution to the theory of property rights. The originality of this dissertation lies in its exploration of the economic relationship between property rights ownership and selected building materials, as well as in the application of variances to the research of building materials. This is a novel contribution to research on Hong Kong’s sustainable development as she heavily relies on the real estate market for economic development. / published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Surveying / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy