This final thesis deals with the changes in a small town since 1945. The town, the stress is put on, is called Kelč and is situated in the Zlín region. The first part features the history of the Czech countryside since 1945 with the focus on the confiscation of the postwar period, land reform, the process of the gradual collectivization, the role of the unified Agricultural Cooperative, transformation after 1989 and joining the EU. In the next part the history of the town of Kelč is stressed. The town is characterized from these points of view: location, natural and historical landmarks, its urbanistic structure and evaluation of the present state of the town. In the final part the town of Kelč is presented and seen in photographs. The key words: Kelč, postwar confiscation, land reform, collectivization, transformation, urbanistic structure

Résumé : La variation de la [Ca2+] intracellulaire participe à nombreux de processus biologiques. Les cellules eucaryotes expriment à la membrane plasmique une variété de canaux par lesquelles le calcium peut entrer. Dans les cellules non excitables, deux mécanismes principaux permettent l'entrée calcique; l'entrée capacitative de Ca2+ via Orai1 (SOCE) et l'entrée calcique activé par un récepteur (ROCE). Plusieurs protéines clés sont impliquées dans la régulation de ces voies d'entrée calcique, ainsi que dans l'homéostasie calcique. TRPC6 est un canal calcique impliquée dans l'entrée calcique dans les cellules à la suite d’une stimulation d’un récepteur hormonal. TRPC6 transloque à la membrane cellulaire et il y demeure jusqu'à ce que le stimulus soit retiré. Les mécanismes qui régulent le trafic et l'activation de TRPC6 sont cependant encore peu connus. Des découvertes récentes ont démontré qu'il y a un rôle potentiel de Rho kinase dans l'activité de TRPC6. Rho kinase est activée par la petite protéine G RhoA qui peut être activée par les protéines G hétérotrimériques Gα12 et Gα13. En plus de Gα12 et Gα13, les protéines de désensibilisation des GPCR β -arrestin 1 et / ou β-arrestin 2 peuvent aussi activer RhoA. Le but de notre étude est d'examiner la participation des protéines Gα12/13 et β-arrestin 1/ β-arrestin 2 dans l'activation de TRPC6 et de la protéine Orai1. Nous avons utilisé des ARN interférant (siRNA) spécifiques pour induire une réduction de l'expression de Gα12/13 ou β-arrestin 1/β-arrestin 2. La conséquence sur l’entrée de Ca2+ dans les cellules a été ensuite déterminée par imagerie calcique en temps réel suite à une stimulation par la vasopressine (AVP), thapsigargin ou carbachol. Nous avons donc identifié que dans des cellules A7r5, une lignée cellulaire de musculaires lisses vasculaires où le canal TRPC6 exprimé de manière endogène, la diminution de l’expression des protéines Gα12 ou Gα13 ne semble pas modifier l’entrée Ca2+ induit par l’AVP par rapport aux cellules témoins. D'autre part, la diminution de l’expression β-arrestin 1 ou β-arrestin 2 dans des cellules HEK 293 ainsi que des cellules HEK 293 exprimant de façon stable TRPC6 (cellules T6.11) ont augmenté l’entrée de Ca2+ induite par thapsigargin, un activateur pharmacologique de SOCE. Des études de co-immunoprécipitation démontrent une interaction entre la β-arrestin 1 et STIM1, alors qu'aucune interaction n'a été observée entre les β-arrestin 1 et Orai1. Nous avons de plus montré à l'aide d'analyse en microscopie confocale que la diminution de l’expression β-arrestin 1 ou β-arrestin 2 n’influence pas la quantité d’Orai1 à la périphérie cellulaire. Cependant, des résultats préliminaires indiquent que la diminution de l’expression β-arrestin 1 ou β-arrestin 2 augmente la quantité de STIM1-YFP dans l'espace intracellulaire et diminue sa quantité à la périphérie cellulaire. En conclusion, nous avons montré que les β-arrestin 1 ou β-arrestin 2 sont impliquées dans l'entrée capacitative de Ca2+ (SOCE) et contrôlent la quantité de STIM1 dans le réticulum endoplasmique. / Abstract : In an organism, intracellular [Ca2+] takes part in many biological processes. Eukaryotic cells express a variety of channels in the plasma membrane through which calcium can enter. In non-excitable cells, two main mechanisms allow calcium entry; the store-operated calcium entry via Orai1 (SOCE) and receptor-operated calcium entry (ROCE). Several key proteins are involved in the regulation of these calcium entry pathways as well as in calcium homeostasis. TRPC6 is a calcium channel implied in calcium entrance into the cells following hormonal stimulation and translocates to the plasma membrane. TRPC6 channel appear to the plasma membrane until the stimulus is present. Although, the mechanisms that regulate the trafficking and activation of TRPC6 are still little known. Recent findings have demonstrated that there is a potential role of Rho kinase in activity of TRPC6. Rho kinase is activated by the small G protein RhoA that itself can be activated by the heterotrimeric G proteins Gα12 and Gα13. In addition to Gα12 and Gα13 proteins, cytosolic GPCR desensitizing proteins β-arrestin 1 and/or β-arrestin 2 could also activate RhoA. The purpose of our study is to investigate the involvement of the proteins Gα12/13 and β-arrestin 1/β-arrestin 2 in the activation of TRPC6 and Orai1 protein. We used siRNA specific to Gα12/13 or β-arrestin 1/β-arrestin 2 to knockdown their endogenous expression. Then, calcium imaging in real time was performed in order to see the quantity of calcium entered into the cell following stimulation by vasopressin (AVP), thapsigargin, or carbachol. We hence identified that in A7r5 cell, vascular smooth muscle cell where TRPC6 channel expressed endogenously; reduced expression of Gα12 or Gα13 proteins does not seem to modify the AVP-induced Ca2+ entry compared to control cells. On the other hand, calcium imaging experiment in knocked down β-arrestin 1 or β-arrestin 2 in HEK 293 cells as well as HEK 293 cells stably transfected with TRPC6 (T6.11 cells) resulted in an increased thapsigargin-induced calcium entry. The co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate an interaction between β-arrestin 1 and STIM1, a calcium sensor in SOCE influx, while no interaction was observed between β-arrestin 1 and Orai1.We moreover showed by confocal microscopy that reduced expression of β-arrestin 1/ β-arrestin 2 does not influence the quantity of Orai1 at the cell periphery. Preliminary results showed that reduced expression of β-arrestin 1 or β-arrestin 2 increases the quantity of STIM1-YFP in the intracellular space and less it’s in peri-membrane space. In conclusion, we showed that β-arrestin 1 or β-arrestin 2 are involved in the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and control the quantity of STIM1 in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Práce reflektuje proces rozšíření Evropské unie o státy střední a východní Evropy z pohledu Rakouska a pojednává o roli Rakouska v tomto procesu. Nejprve jsou zmapovány příležitosti a rizika pátého rozšíření Evropské unie v roce 2004 z pohledu Rakouska a poté je analyzován průběh rakouské debaty o pátém rozšíření Evropské unie. Ve výkladu jsou analyzovány role, stanoviska a souhry nejvýznačnějších aktérů rakouského politického systému, a to hlavních politických stran, vybraných sociálních partnerů a veřejného mínění. Práce posléze nalézá odpověď na otázku, zda Rakousko bylo ?upřímným obhájcem? nebo ?brzdou? východního rozšíření Evropské unie. V neposlední řadě je analyzováno rakouské úsilí o užší spolupráci se sousedními středoevropskými státy po rozšíření Evropské unie v roce 2004.

Ethernet as the communication medium in the enterprise data center has outlived all competing mediums and resisted the test of time with regards to speed and costs. The future is also poised for growth with 40 and 100Gps speeds just over horizon. The current state of the technology is being enhanced and extended with lossless features to allow for fabric convergence of Storage and Inter Process Communication (IPC) Networks. It is under this medium that an increase in the adoption of Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) over Ethernet using offloaded TCP/IP (iWARP) and Infiniband over Ethernet (RoCE) communication stacks to RDMA capable NIC adapter s (RNIC) is observed. RDMA enables direct application to application communication over the network resulting in numerous and significant benefits such as reduced CPU utilization, lower latency communications, increased energy efficiency, and reduced overall system requirements. However, with said benefits also comes increased software complexity in how RDMA interface users communicate. The RDMA communication semantics, which originate from the HPC domain, are heavily biased towards Low-Latency and High-Bandwidth communications rather than Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability (RAS). As adoption increases, and enterprise data centers begins to leverage RDMA over Ethernet, enhancements to the OS stack software architecture and design of the components involved is required to address these deficiencies. Operating system interfaces, device drivers, adapter hardware design, and embedded firmware features must be viewed from a high-availability and maintainability point of view. RAS enhancements for RDMA communications proposes the software architectural tradeoffs for enhancing the iWARP and RoCE RDMA implementations for communications in the enterprise data center, with new and traditional RAS features for existing communications stacks and devices. The architecture leverages software enhancements in traceability, availability, maintainability, serviceability, fault-isolation and resource management; such that in the advent of errors, the probability that the forensics data points to identify root cause are immediately and automatically available is increased. / text

Šest let trvající období vlády labouristických vlád v letech 1945-51 má z hlediska poválečného vývoje Velké Británie rozhodující význam. Do jisté míry nečekané a výrazné vítězství labouristické strany vytvořilo prostor pro provádění významných socialistických opatření, které předznamenaly směr hospodářské politiky uskutečňovaný až do druhé poloviny 70. let. Tato práce se zabývá jednotlivými kroky provedenými Labouristickou stranou v tomto období a analyzuje jejich dopady. Práce je rozdělena do několika kapitol, které se věnují jednotlivým oblastem působení labouristické vlády. První kapitola se zabývá důvody, které vedly k vítězství labouristů; v dalších kapitolách je analyzována poválečná ekonomická situace, politika plánování a zestátnění a budování širokého sociálního státu. Cílem práce je zhodnotit, jakým způsobem ovlivnilo období labouristických vlád budoucí hospodářský vývoj Velké Británie, zda toto období představovalo úspěšné zvládnutou poválečnou rekonstrukci nebo zda naopak znamenalo jeden z hlavních faktorů pomalejšího hospodářského růstu Velké Británie v pozdějších letech.

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The aim of this diploma thesis is the comparison between cartoons published in two wide-nation newspapers by examples of major political events in Czechoslovakia between 1945 - 1948. In order to achieve this objective I used a comparative-historical method. I deliberately worked with issues that had divided the public and political representation. I focused on inequality in the way of exposing and selection of the content of cartoons. The Selection of newspapers was not random, because representativeness was my main criterion. Svobodné slovo was based on the tradition of the party list and its contents were corrected by the party leadership of the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party, which formed together with the Czechoslovak People's Party internal opposition to the Czechoslovak Communist Party in the National Front. Daily Práce was a new paper which represented the views of the Central Council of Trade Unions, which were initially under the strong influence of the Communists. Práce belonged to a wide block of the media who supported the policy of the Communists. I have divided the referenced period 1945 - 1948 into three consecutive time-related phases. I defined the first section with year 1945. For this period enthusiasm stemming from the liberation from Nazi and the belief in a better...

The aim of the thesis is to map and analyze the Czech public debate about the bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia by NATO air forces in 1999. The North Atlantic Alliance attack on the FRY, which followed shortly after the Czech Republic had joined the Organization. Part of the political representation reacted to NATO's actions with restraint or regret, while the current, represented mainly by President Havel, became a principled supporter of the attack, even on the international political scene. The work deals with various levels of this debate: the initiation of individual actors in the problems of the NATO Operation in Yugoslavia, the starting points, argumentation strategies or links with other topics. It tries to reveal secondary motivations in the formulation of individual opinions (considerations of the security interests of the Czech Republic, worldview, prejudices, etc.). The source base of the work is mainly periodicals, especially the most read dailies. Klíčová slova (anglicky): Czech Republic, Serbia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavian crisis, The conflict in the Balkans in 1999, NATO Air Strikes Against Yugoslavia in 1999, NATO

Bakgrund: Antalet aktieägare i Sverige har ökat markant de senaste åren vilket innebär att inflödet av kapital på Stockholmsbörsen ökat markant. De alla investerare strävar efter att åstadkomma är att överprestera marknaden och således har flertalet investeringsstrategier presenterats genom åren. Två av de mest frekvent använda är värde- samt tillväxtstrategin som studerats under flertalet tidsperioder samt på en rad olika marknader. Däremot har tidigare studier genomgående definierat värde- samt tillväxtbolag utifrån värderingsmultiplar och ej beaktat att de båda strategierna möjligtvis kan definieras och identifieras utifrån andra finansiella nyckeltal.  Syfte: Studiens syfte är att analysera huruvida vilken av de två populära investeringsstrategierna värde- respektive tillväxtstrategi som har genererat högst riskjusterad avkastning under perioden 2014–2024.  Metod: För att uppfylla studiens syfte har en kvantitativ forskningsansats med ett deduktivt tillvägagångsätt tillämpats. Två portföljer har konstruerats med årlig rebalansering baserat på de uppsatta kriterierna för värde samt tillväxtbolag. Dessa två portföljer har sammansatts baserat på konsensus erhållet från aktörer på den svenska aktiemarknaden som insamlats med hjälp av intervjuer. De båda portföljerna har sedan utvärderats utifrån årlig och ackumulerad avkastning samt riskjusterade mått i form av Sharpekvot, Treynorkvot och Jensens alpha.  Resultat: Både tillväxt- samt värdeportföljen genererade ackumulerad överavkastning gentemot index, respektive portfölj har även överavkastat index sett till riskjusterade mått över studiens tioåriga tidsperiod. Högst absolut avkastning samt avkastning justerad för risk genererade tillväxtportföljen. / Background: The number of shareholders in Sweden has significantly increased in recent years, leading to a substantial influx in the Stockholm stock market. All investors aim to outperform the market, and as a result, several investment strategies have been proposed over the years. Two of the most frequently used strategies are value and growth strategies, which have been studied across various time periods and markets. However, previous studies have consistently defined value and growth companies based on valuation multiples, without considering that these strategies may also be defined and identified using other financial metrics.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze which of the two popular investment strategies – value and growth – has generated the highest risk-adjusted returns during the period from 2014 to 2024.  Methodology: To achieve the study’s objective, a quantitative research approach with a deductive methodology has been applied. Two portfolios were constructed with annual rebalancing based on predefined criteria for value and growth companies. These portfolios were assembled based on consensus obtained from stakeholders in the Swedish stock market, collected through interviews. The performance of both portfolios was evaluated in terms of annual and cumulative returns, as well as risk-adjusted measures such as the Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, and Jensen’s alpha.  Results: Both the growth and value portfolios generated cumulative excess returns compared to the market index. Furthermore, both portfolios outperformed the index in terms of risk-adjusted measures over the ten-year study period. The growth portfolio exhibited the highest absolute return and risk-adjusted return.

Antonín Kudláč Czech Popular Fantastic Arts 1990 - 2012 in Cultural, Social and Literary Contexts The dissertation focuses on the exploration of popular fantastic arts in the Czech environment between 1990 and 2012. Popular fantastic arts are defined as a segment of popular culture, which uses fantastic motifs and finds expression in various art forms and media (literature, film and television programs, visual arts, games, etc.). Popular fantastic literature (science fiction, fantasy, horror) is used as the basic medium for research in this area. For defining and understanding the nature of popular fantastic arts, its recipients (the so-called fans), who form a distinctive subculture called the fandom, are of extreme importance. This dissertation, bordering on interdisciplinary cultural anthropology, sociology, literary criticism and media studies, is based on the hypothesis of an active and creative approach of the recipients of popular culture, who endow these cultural artifacts with their own meanings, share them and use them for their own interests. This approach is rooted mostly in the theoretical works of John Fiske and Henry Jenkins, in particular in the concept of participatory culture and cultural divergence. The work consists of two parts. The research development of popular culture in...