[No abstract available] / Science, Faculty of / Chemistry, Department of / Graduate

This work has two major objectives: (1) To develop reliable, stable, easily-programmable and fast computational algorithms that would apply to process operation and design. (2) To determine the best algorithms for specific operations through comparative studies. The study covers the following areas: (1) Isothermal phase equilibria in up to four phases — one vapour, two liquid and one solid — with emphasis on vapour-liquid, liquid-liquid, liquid-solid and vapour-liquid-liquid systems. (2) Sensitivity analysis in vapour-liquid equilibria. (3) Saturation-point calculation methods. (4) Adiabatic vapour-liquid equilibria. (5) Conventional equilibrium-stage distillation-unit calculations. The study deals with multicomponent systems and, except where constrained by lack of information, all nonidealities are rigorously accounted for. The phase-equilibria studies embody both mass-balance and free-energy-minimization methods and some of the algorithms are, like the sensitivity-analysis study, based on geometric programming. Vector projection methods, for accelerating multivariate successive-substitution iteration, and a quadratic form of Wegstein's projection method have been developed and successfully applied. The saturation-points study includes three interpolation methods — regula falsi and quadratic interpolations and a dynamic form of Lagrange interpolation — a quasi-Newton formulation and the generally applied Newton and Richmond methods. The results favour the interpolation methods. For adiabatic-flash and distillation-unit calculations, algorithms employing two-dimensional Newton-Raphson, BP-partitioning and SR-partitioning methods have been developed. Methods for reducing equilibrium-ratio calculation to once per iteration per stage in the first two classes and for reducing enthalpy evaluation In the third class, have also been developed. For every problem-type, relevant algorithms have been applied to a wide class of systems and compared. However, the lack of data excluded any applications on solid-liquid-liquid-vapour equilibria and on wide-boiling distillation. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of / Graduate

Solid-liquid phase equilibria studies were used to investigate possible compolllld formation in solutions of (i) para-xylene, (ii) mesitylene, and (iii) N,N-dimethyl-formamide (DMF) with mono- and di- halobenzenes that were selected to give a wide range of acceptor properties. Solid 1:1 intermolecular compounds were identified from solutions of p-C_6H_4F_2 with mesitylene, p-C_6H_4Br_2 with p-xylene, and p-C_6H_4Cl_2 with p-xylene. The results suggest that compound formation occurs because of favorable geometry rather than a charge transfer process. A vibrating tube densimeter was used to determine, with high precision, the densities and subsequently excess volumes of mixing of the n-hexane plus cyclohexane system. Temperature dependence of excess volume of mixing for the system was established. Thermodynamic calculations were also performed to determine activities of the components of the n-hexane + cyclohexane system.

No description available.

Drawing has long been known to show the thought process of the artist because of its physical immediacy and the way it encourages fast, informal iteration. In contrast the history of programming has been toward a universal language so that common challenges can be addressed in the same way. This MFA Thesis uses the principles of rule-based and generative art to cross the borders between drawing and coding. / Master of Fine Arts

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

This study researches the Islamic Penal System within a penological perspective. The philosophy underlying this Penal System is that every person is responsible and thus punishable for his criminal actions. Punishment could also await the offender in the Hereafter. A system of penalties and rewards is the cornerstone of the Islamic Penal System. The types of punishment that are allowed by the Shari'ah are, inter alia: the death penalty, lashes, banishment, imprisonment, crucifixion, lapidation and public exposure. There are three categories of punishment: Hadd punishment is reserved for serious offences and cannot be altered in any way whatsoever, Qisas punishment is reserved for homicide and assault, whilst Ta'zeer penalties cover the balance. Since this Penal System can only operate within a true Islamic State, it currently only operates fully in Iran and Saudi Arabia. Numerous other Muslim countries apply this system to a lesser degree, for example, Sudan and Afghanistan. / Penology / M.A. (Penology)

Efforts to automate building rule checking have not brought us anywhere near to the ultimate goal to fully automate the rule checking process. With the advancement in BIM and the latest tools and computing capability, we have what is necessary to achieve it. And yet challenges still abound. This research takes a holistic approach to solve the issue by first examining the rule complexity and its logic structure. Three major aspects of the rules are addressed in this research. The first is a new approach to transform BIM data into a simple database schema and to make it easily query-able by adopting the data warehouse approach. Geometry and spatial operations are also commonly needed for automating rules, and therefore the second approach is to integrate these into a database in the form of multiple representations. The third is a standardized rule language that leverages the database query integrated with its geometry and spatial query capability, called BIMRL. It is designed for a non-programmatic approach to the rule definitions that is suitable for typical rule experts. The rule definition takes a form of triplet command: CHECK – EVALUATE – ACTION statement that can be chained to support more complex rules. A prototype system has been developed as a proof-of-concept using selected rules taken from various sources to demonstrate the validity of the approach to solve the challenges of automating the building rule checking.