published_or_final_version / Economics and Finance / Master / Master of Philosophy

There are gaps within American history that overlook histories of other cultures that are embedded and interwoven in this nation’s history. The voices of Natives and African- Americans have been drowned out by dominating Eurocentric views and documentation. This study will document and analyze the entangled histories of Natives and Africans in Virginia during the early colonial period. The purpose of my study is to examine more in depth the relationships and interactions between Native Americans and Africans through historic documents and material cultural studies. I want to find out why and how these peoples formed cross-cultural and created hybrid bonds and cultures through community development, marriage and kinship during the 18th century. This study will cross the boundaries of race, ethnicity, gender, class and nationalism and contribute to a deeper understanding of intersectional processes. It will also demonstrate that relationships between Africans and American Indians were prevalent in the Virginia colony and the Upper Southeastern region as a whole. / Introduction -- Theory and literature review -- Historical context -- Race and racism -- Contact of Natives and Africans -- Conclusion. / Department of Anthropology

CHDS State/Local / Following the events of September 11, 2001, law enforcement agencies were struggling to gather the investigative information necessary from the Muslim community to assist in efforts to prevent future attacks. Building a strong relationship between the local police and the Muslim community is essential in defending America against acts of terrorism. Key to this relationship is trust between the groups and bridging the gap of cultural differences. This study sought to determine what factors associated with building relationships with established communities can be applied to the immigrant Muslim community to further public safety and homeland security needs. Specifically, the study examines the best practices used in an outreach effort in the African-American community in the City of Saint Paul and looks at how the application of those practices could produce results in the Muslim community. The research demonstrates that community policing is the cornerstone of community outreach, that individual relationships built by law enforcement representatives form the platform for outreach, and that the complexity of culture in immigrant communities requires law enforcement to go beyond the traditional community policing efforts to attain cultural competency. Finally, the study finds that the true best practice to prevent terrorism is to build trust with the community being served. / Senior Commander, City of Saint Paul, MN Police Department

Chesnutt's short stories collection The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line (1899). Charles Chesnutt wrote two short stories which are "The Sheriff's Children" and "Her Virginia Mammy." He wrote them with white audiences in mind. In “The Sheriff’s Children,” Chesnutt presents Tom as a protagonist, his father Sheriff Campbell, and his half-sister Polly. In “Her Virginia Mammy,” he mentions Clara as a protagonist, her love Dr. Winthrop, and her mother Mrs. Harper. Chesnutt records their struggles in Post-Reconstruction North Carolina. He romanticized his characters’ difficult ethical decisions related to racial identity to illustrate more dramatically the consequences of their oppression. “The Sheriff’s Children” and “Her Virginia Mammy” both illustrate the ethical dilemmas of their protagonists, demonstrating to Chesnutt’s white readers the struggles and losses of black and biracial families.

The thesis deals with Andrés Molina Enriquez's pro-miscegenation theory. Molina (1868-1940), a Spencirian evolutionist who believed race struggle is history's driving force, departs from the premise that Mexico will not be a cohesive, progressive nation until all Mexicans become Mestizos - i.e., the product of racial intermingling between Spaniards and Indians. Thus, the analysis of this theory is the main objective of the thesis. In order to analyse Molina's theory within its historical context, however, the preliminary section of the thesis briefly describes the thoughts of those Mexican intellectuals who had previously proclaimed ethnic homogeneity -via miscegenation- the key to national stability and development. Similarly, the last part of the thesis presents the ideas of some of Molina's successors, those who were in favor of miscegenation - not only a racial one but also a cultural one - in postrevolutionary Mexico. The first and last parts of the thesis allow us to see pro-miscegenation as a current of the Mexican intelligentsia's quest for national identity. The central part of it - the one devoted to Molina's theory, undoubtedly the most important and sophisticated contribution in the field - gives us a general picture of the contradictory nature of this current of thought. Even though it is clear that a pervasive miscegenation made ever more Mexican intellectuals endorse the idea that Mestizos are the real people of Mexico. The analysis of Molina's writings shows that he attempted to predict the supremacy of Mestizos with a theoretical framework that leads him to the opposite direction. Indeed, no matter how much he twisted it, Spencerian evolutionism did not serve him (or his contemporary pro-miscegenationists) to prove white-racism wrong. The conclusion is that Molina, as most of his fellow "Mestizophilia" supporters, chose to hail the ethnic group that represented an ever-growing majority of the Mexican population, and tried to build a scientific theory to prove the supremacy of that group. But in doing so he had to use the only methodological tools he had learned at the positivist schools of Porfirian Mexico. The result is a contradictory theory that, nevertheless, sheds light on the path to national identity in Mexico.

This study examines the relations of white Baptists with racial and ethnic minorities in Texas from the beginning of organized Baptist work in Texas in the mid-nineteenth century, through the United States Supreme Court decision in the Brown v. Topeka case in 1954, Emphasizing the role of attitudes in forming actions, it examines the ideas of various leaders of the chief Baptist bodies in Texas: the artist General Convention of Texas, the Baptist Missionary Association of Texas and the American Baptist Convention. The minorities included in the work are the Negroes, the Mexican-Americans, non-Anglo-Saxon Europeans, American Indians, Orientals, and Jews. Several factors tend to justify a study of this subject. First, there is the prominence of race relations in the nation which has aroused interest in the effect which race relations have had upon affairs in Texas, Second, the widespread changes which have taken place in Texas during, the last two decades suggest the feasibility of a study of that phenomenon, and the fact that many consider the race problem to be a moral and religious issue indicates the relevance of the churches' relationships to these changes. As the largest religious denomination in the state, the Baptists offer a viable subject for study. Finally, since to date no study specifically relating to the Baptists of Texas and their role in race relations in the state has been made, it is felt that such a study will contribute to an understanding of the situation. The scope of this study, in point of time, extends from about 1850 to the early 1960's, in order to consider the reactions of Texas Baptists to the Brown decision of the United States Supreme Court. From the standpoint of subject, the study has been limited to leaders of the Baptist denomination. Their statements on the race issue as well as actions which may or may not have supported their statements have been studied,

Gene Roberts and Hank Klibanoff in their breakthrough work, The Race Beat, contended that mainstream newspapers—white newspapers—largely ignored the black community until the 1950s and 1960s when editors gradually began opening their pages to reports of racial discrimination and the emerging protest against segregation. This coverage significantly shaped the civil rights movement, Roberts and Klibanoff argued. “Unfamiliar Streets” offers nuance to their narrative. Examining the local coverage of the 1960 Chattanooga sit-in movement as a case study, Jessie Harris contends that reporters and editors, although they should be credited for extensively covering the sit-ins, ultimately cared more for civilities than civil rights. Their coverage detailed the protests, fights, and mobs downtown, but only rarely provided perspectives of student demonstrators and rarely called attention to the injustices of segregation.

University of the Witwatersrand Department of Political Studies

Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Masters of Arts in Political Studies to the Faculty Humanities, School of Arts at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2016 / Blackness has become a right to death that sees in death its almost essential property. The essence of blackness, its origin or its possibility, would be this right to death; but a death denuded of that ...sovereignty that gains from death its own sacrificial mastery ... and maintains itself in it. This is life as the work of death, a work born of fidelity to death, but death without transcendence (Marriot cited in Sexton 2015: 132). The advent of colonial modernity in South Africa marks the rupture of identity and being of Africans. That is, after the emergence of colonial modernity Africans cease to be Africans only but however they become black. Blackness becomes an object exclusion in the encounter with modernity. Blacks and by extension Africa is seen as being outside modern temporality inhabiting a zone of non-being and fungability. The encounter with modernity, without any doubt causes doubts in the Africans modes of existence or being and it is here that liberation and emancipatory movements/projects that have been initiated by blacks have sought to steer their lenses to try and liberate as well as understand how blacks can best live in modern conditions of racism or should there be any alternative to modern empty time. This study seeks to make an intervention, especially in South African Political studies, with concern to alternative political strategies that have not been take into consideration. [No abstract provided. Information taken from introduction]. / MT2017

This thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Community-based Counselling Psychology in the Faculty of Humanities at the University of the Witwatersrand / This thesis took an interpretive approach to analysing content as presented in the print media. The focus of this study was Destiny Man magazine, a six year old lifestyle publication aimed at middle-class men in South Africa. This thesis explored how black middle-class men are presented by looking at the latent content from an interpretive stance. Therefore, a psychosocial approach was adopted to understand how political, socio-economic, and gender interact with one another at the psycho-social level. A total number of 35 articles were analysed using interpretative psychoanalytic methods and relevant critique. In addition to these 54 images were chosen to be analysed and included in an overall contextual framework relating to topics such as race, masculinity, economics, alcohol, and sport. This content was chosen from the eight 2014 issues of Destiny Man magazine. In analysis, the history of colonialism, apartheid, and the development of neoliberal capitalism was taken into account regarding how black middle class men negotiate their masculine identities in the new South Africa. The development of neoliberal capitalism and a multimodal discourse on the male psyche is explored in-depth, with the resultant social analysis. Overall, the basis of this research was to critically analyse African middle class masculinity in post-apartheid South Africa taken many factors into account. The key themes identified in the analysis include narcissism, domination, and denial of feminity, fatherhood, alcohol consumption, and performances of gender. The interactions of all of these factors have been shown to have an impact on our understanding of contemporary African middle class masculinity, affecting the construction and definition of this concept in a complex and dynamic way. Destiny Man magazine is a poignant example of how these interactions are presented in the media. / MT2017