Thesis--Wisconsin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-76).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 65).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-107).

Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006. / Thesis Advisor(s): David Jenn, Clark Robertson, Richard Adler. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-107). Also available in print.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Geografia, 2012. / Submitted by Alaíde Gonçalves dos Santos (alaide@unb.br) on 2013-03-26T15:22:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_LuzMarildadeMoraesMaciel.pdf: 20188557 bytes, checksum: 26d5c3e7c973e711ac48225e68bcdc60 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2013-03-27T11:30:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_LuzMarildadeMoraesMaciel.pdf: 20188557 bytes, checksum: 26d5c3e7c973e711ac48225e68bcdc60 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-27T11:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_LuzMarildadeMoraesMaciel.pdf: 20188557 bytes, checksum: 26d5c3e7c973e711ac48225e68bcdc60 (MD5) / A regularização fundiária é uma das ações do Governo Federal no ordenamento fundiário e combate ao desmatamento. O Programa Terra Legal Amazônia foi criado em 2009 para conceder títulos de domínio de terra a posseiros ocupantes de terras públicas federais. Um dos quesitos para a concessão de títulos aos ocupantes é o cumprimento da legislação ambiental. O sensor PALSAR (radar) apresenta um grande potencial para o mapeamento da cobertura e uso da Terra e é ideal para a aquisição de dados na região amazônica, onde a cobertura de nuvens afeta o imageamento por sensores ópticos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar métodos de processamento de imagem de radar para classificar a cobertura e uso da Terra na Gleba do Baixo Candeias Igarapé Três Casas (RO) e verificar o cumprimento da legislação ambiental nessas ocupações. A coleta de amostras de treinamento (utilizadas na classificação) e teste (utilizadas na validação) foi orientada pelas classes de cobertura e uso da Terra mapeadas pelo Projeto TerraClass (agricultura, pasto limpo, pasto sujo, regeneração com pasto, vegetação secundaria e floresta). Foram testados os filtros Enhanced Frost, Enhanced Lee e Gamma,janelas 3x3 e 5x5, nas imagens SAR de polarização HH e HV para a remoção de ruído. Os valores da razão sinal ruído para as classes de cobertura e uso foram muito semelhantes, ligeiramente superiores para o filtro Gamma, janela 5x5 da polarização HV. Foram também testadas diferentes composições univariadas e bivariadas para melhorar a qualidade das imagens antes da classificação pelos métodos MAXVER e ICM. Entre as composições univariadas, a melhor concordância com o Mapa Digital do TerraClass foi atribuída apolarização HV, filtro Gamma, janela 5x5, classificada pelo método ICM (índice Kappa 0,6661) e entre as bivariadas, a composição HH+HV/HV, filtro Gamma, janela 5x5, classificada pelo método ICM (índice Kappa 0,6735). Por fim foi utilizada uma nova abordagem que combina filtragem espectral e componentes de densidade de probabilidade (CDP) e classificação pelo método de Mínima Distância.A imagem de polarização HV resultante da classificação apresentou excelente concordância com o Mapa Digital TerraClass (índice Kappa 0,9816). As imagens PALSAR demonstraram ser boa fonte de dados para o mapeamento de áreas de floresta e não floresta na região de estudo. Apesar das classes intermediárias entre floresta e pasto limpo apresentarem certo grau de confusão, como sinalizado nas análises preliminares, isso não comprometeu a discriminação de áreas florestadas e áreas não florestadas, possibilitando a quantificação de áreas de Reserva Legal existentes e áreas de Reserva Legal previstas em lei, nas parcelas. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / Land regularization is one of the actions of the Federal Government to territorial planning and to combat deforestation. The Programa Terra Legal Amazônia was created in 2009 to grant titles of domain to squatter occupants of public federal lands. One of the requirements for the granting of titles to occupants is the enforcement of environmental legislation. The sensor PALSAR (radar) presents a great potential for mapping land use cover and is ideal for data acquisition in the Amazon region where cloud cover affects imaging by optical sensors. The aim of this work is to evaluate image processing methods to classify land use cover at Gleba do Baixo Candeias Igarapé Três Casas (RO) and verify the enforcement of environmental legislation in these occupations. The collect of training samples (used in the classification)and test (used in the validation) was guided by land cover classes mapped by Projeto TerraClass (agriculture, clean pasture, dirty pasture, regeneration with pasture, secondary vegetation and forest). In order to remove noises, the filters Enhanced Frost, Enhanced Lee and Gamma, 3x3 and 5x5 windows, were applied on SAR images of HH and HV polarizations. Signal-to-noise ratio values were very close among land use classes, slightly superior for the Gamma filter, 5x5 window of the HV polarization. In order to improve image quality were tested different univaried and bivaried compositions before the classification by the MAXVER and ICM methods. Among univaried compositions the best agreement with the Mapa Digital do TerraClass was obtained by the HV polarization image, Gamma filter, 5x5 window classified by the ICM method (Kappa index of 0,6661) and among the bivaried, the composition HH+HV/HV, Gamma filter, 5x5 window classified by the ICM method (Kappa index of 0,6735). Lastly was used a new approach that combines spectral filtering and density of probability components (CDP) and classification by Mínima Distancia method. The HV image obtained as result of this procedure presented the best agreement with the Mapa Digital TerraClass (Kappa index of 0,9816). The PALSAR images were considered a good source of data to map forested and non-forested areas in the study site. In spite of the intermediate classes between forest and pasture presented a certain degree of confusion, as flagged in the preliminary analysis, this did not affected the discrimination of forested and deforested areas,enabling the quantification of the existing Reserva Legal areas and Reserva Legal areas provided by legislation in plots.

Several aspects of impulse radar echo sounding of small glaciers are investigated. First, the ranges of values expected for conductivity and relative dielectric permittivity of glacier ice, glacier bed materials and mixtures of ice and rock are established. These parameters, and the fundamentals of electromagnetic wave propagation, are employed in a modelling scheme that examines the reflection of pulses from planar reflectors within the glacier. The glacier bed can be modelled as solid rock or unconsolidated debris and as either frozen or wet. A layer of mixed ice and rock between the glacier ice and bed can also be included. Signal enhancement, especially using multi-channel principal component analysis, is discussed. Discussion of practical application of the technique begins with the description of a portable microprocessor-controlled instrument capable of recording digitized echograms. Then results from experiments on Trapridge Glacier, Yukon Territory are presented. Surveys up to half a kilometer long with soundings at 1 to 20 m intervals were conducted. Bed topography is presented and locally anomalous sections are examined. Smaller-scale parameters such as the attenuation constant of ice and reflector properties are also extracted from the data. Subglacial and englacial temporal variations were studied by automatically recording echoes at one location every 20 minutes over a three-day period. Such experiments are to be used in the future in conjunction with other, concurrent, geophysical and hydrological investigations. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Attilio Jose Giarola / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Campinas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T11:14:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_ReginaMariadeFelice_M.pdf: 1573870 bytes, checksum: 0a2ddcf90de5f17b4c7e57cfce1eb67b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1982 / Resumo: Este trabalho descreve prototipos de defasador utilizando diodos PIN visando a sua utilização no controle do feixe principal de um arranjo de antenas ("phased-array"). A mais significativa aplicação destes defasadores e em radaEste tipo de radar pode ter milhares de elementos, com um defasaredor para cada elemento, portanto, o desempenho e o custo do radar são grandemente afetados pelo desempenho e custo dos defasadores. Ate o advento dos defasadores eletrônicos era utilizado o defasamento mecânico com limitações. A evolução dos radares com arranjo faseado e baseada em dois fatores: o desenvolvimento de defasadores controlados e1etronicamente que podem redirecionar o feixe em poucos micro segundos e a rapida assimilação das informações e decisões programadas por computador. A principal vantagem e que se gasta um tempo mínimo para movimentar o feixe de um alvo a outro e para tomar decisões a respeito deteção e rastreamento. Foram construidos dois protótipos, um defasador de 900 e um de 1800, que, juntos, formam a rede defasadora de 00,900,1800 e 2700, na frequência de 2 GHz. Cada defasador utiliza um acop1ador híbrido, dois diodos PIN, dois capacitores giga-trim e duas linhas simulando indutores (1800). As características destes defasadores foram obtidas e verificou-se que os protótipos comportaram-se como previsto teoricamente, desde que os diodos sejam adequadamente polarizados de sintonia ajustados para a operação em 2 GHz e os capacitores / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

The processing of three-dimensional (3D) room models is an area of research undertaken by many academics and hobbyists due to multiple uses derived from the information obtained - such as the generation of a floor plan; an example of bridging the real and digital world. A floor plan is required when an existing room, floor, or building requires alteration. By having the floor plan in the digital domain it allows the user to alter the room via simulation and render the environment in a life-like manner to determine if the alterations will suffice. This is done using Computer Aided Design Software (CAD). Designing a new room or building would be done using CAD software. However, not all building's digital files are readily available or exist - making the creation of a floor plan necessary. The floor plan can created up by a person on pen and paper, or with using software tools and sensors. Commercial systems exist for this task but there are no automated, open-source systems that can do the same. Current research tends to focus on the processing algorithms and not the sensors or methods for capturing the environment. This dissertation deals with testing and evaluating off-the-shelf (OTS) sensors and the processing of 3D modelled rooms captured with one of these sensors. The tests performed on the OTS sensors determine the overall accuracy of the sensors for 3D room modelling. The rationale for designing and conducting these tests is to provide the community with suggested practical tests to assist in selecting an OTS sensor for 3D room modelling. The 3D room models are captured using an opensource application and are imported into custom software. The 3D models undergo pre-processing algorithms producing 2D results, which were further processed to determine the walls of rooms. The dimension information about these features are used to create a 2D floor plan. 3D modelled environments are inherently noisy, requiring efficient pre-processing to remove the noise without hampering processing performance of the 3D model. One of the largest contributors to noise and accuracy is the sensor. Selecting the appropriate sensor can mitigate the need for complex pre-processing algorithms and will improve overall processing time. The project was able to extract dimension information within an acceptable error. The tests that were designed and used for sensor testing were able to determine which sensor was the better choice for 3D room modelling. The optimal sensor was found to be Microsoft's Kinect1 . Tests were performed in which the Microsoft Kinect was required to map a room. The results show that dimensional information about the given scene could be successfully extracted with an average error of 4.60 %.

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No description available.