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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Verification of Caregraph® peak skin dose data using radiochromic film /

Ozeroglu, Muhammed A. January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).
72

Comparação de algoritmos computacionais de cálculo de dose em radioterapia aplicada aos tumores de pulmão / Comparison of dose calculation algorithms in radiotherapy applied to lung tumors

Gabriela Reis dos Santos 16 September 2015 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Na Radioterapia, a acurácia da distribuição de dose em cálculos com correção de heterogeneidade está diretamente relacionada à escolha do algoritmo de cálculo. Existe uma variedade de algoritmos de cálculo disponíveis no mercado, variando em tempo de processamento e acurácia. Este estudo teve como objetivos quantificar a acurácia de dez diferentes algoritmos de cálculo em objetos simuladores de pulmão e analisar o impacto da escolha do algoritmo na distribuição de dose em radioterapia aplicada a tumores de pulmão. METODOLOGIA: Foram utilizados placas simuladoras de água (água sólida RW3) e pulmão (cortiça) para determinar a Porcentagem de Dose em Profundidade (PDP) e perfil transversal dentro da heterogeneidade (cortiça). As medidas foram realizadas em um Clinac Varian 6EX, com feixes de fótons de 6 MV e dois tamanhos de campo (5 x 5 cm2 e 10 x 10 cm2), irradiando-se filmes radiocrômicos Gafchromic EBT3 e câmara de ionização Scanditronix Wellhofer CC13. Planejamentos de 25 pacientes - 11 com técnica tridimendional (3D) e 14 com técnica de Radioterapia Estereotática Corpórea (SBRT) - foram realizados, inicialmente sem correção de heterogeneidade e, mantendo-se as UM, os cálculos com os diferentes algoritmos/métodos de correção foram comparados com o planejamento inicial. Foram avaliados as doses no volume alvo e nos órgãos em risco. RESULTADOS: As medidas realizadas em objetos simuladores revelaram que os algoritmos baseados no princípio da convolução (Eclipse® Pencil Beam Convolution com métodos de correção Batho, Batho Modificado e TAR equivalente; XiO® Clarkson e Convolution e iPlan® Pencil Beam) apresentaram diferenças de dose significativas na região da cortiça, sempre superestimando a medida, com uma sobredose superior a 8%. Algoritmos mais avançados, como o Eclipse® AAA e Acuros XB, XiO® Superposition e iPlan® XVMC, apresentaram desvios inferiores a 3% na região da heterogeneidade. A análise dos perfis mostra, igualmente, que a segunda classe de algoritmos apresenta melhor comportamento em meios de baixa densidade como a cortiça. A largura da penumbra apresentou desvios inferiores a 1 mm para os algoritmos mais avançados contra diferenças de até 4,5 mm entre os algoritmos baseados em convolução. A análise da distribuição de dose em planejamentos de tumores pulmonares mostrou que todos os cálculos com correção de heterogeneidade presentam doses superiores ao cálculo sem correção de heterogeneidade. O histograma dose-volume (DVH) do volume alvo sofreu um impacto maior do que dos órgãos em risco. Os cálculos realizados com algoritmos baseados em convolução apresentaram distribuições de dose semelhantes entre si, porém diferentes das do cálculo sem correção de heterogeneidade. Eclipse® AAA, Acuros XB, XiO® Superposition e iPlan® XVMC apresentaram distribuições de dose também semelhantes, porém Eclipse® Acuros XB e iPlan® XVMC são ainda mais similares. Os planejamentos de SBRT apresentaram resultados mais discrepantes do cálculo sem correção de heterogeneidade do que os planejamentos 3D. CONCLUSÕES: Os diferentes algoritmos de cálculo disponíveis possuem acurácias diferentes em meios de baixa densidade eletrônica. Essas diferenças possuem impacto nas distribuições de dose em planejamentos de tratamento de tumores pulmonares, sendo o impacto ainda maior para a técnica de SBRT. Entre os algoritmos avaliados, há pelo menos um de cada fabricante que apresentou bom desempenho em objetos simuladores de pulmão e que devem ser priorizados para o cálculo em planejamentos de tratamentos de câncer de pulmão / INTRODUCTION: In Radiotherapy, the dose distribution accuracy in heterogeneity correction calculations is directly related to the choice of calculation algorithm. There are many calculation algorithms commercially available. They vary in accuracy and processing time. This study aimed to quantify the accuracy of ten different calculation algorithms in lung equivalent material and to analyze the impact of the algorithm choice in the dose distribution in Radiotherapy applied to lung tumors. METHODS: It was used plates of water (solid water RW3) and lung (cork) equivalent materials to determine the Percentage of Depth Dose (PDD) and transversal profile inside the heterogeneity (cork). The measurements were performed in a Clinac Varian 6EX, with 6 MV photon beams and two field sizes (5 x 5 cm2 and 10 x 10 cm2), through irradiation of radiochromic films Gafchromic EBT3 and ionization chamber Scanditronix Wellhofer CC13. Treatment planning of 25 patients - 11 with tridimensional (3D) technique and 14 with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) technique - were performed, first without heterogeneity correction and, by keeping the Monitor Units (MU), the calculations were then performed with the different algorithms/methods of heterogeneity corrections and the results were compared with the initial planning. It was analyzed the target volume and organs at risk doses. RESULTS: The measurements performed in phantoms revealed that algorithms based on the convolution principle (Eclipse® Pencil Beam Convolution with correction methods Batho, Batho Modified and Equivalent TAR; XiO® Clarkson and Convolution e iPlan® Pencil Beam) presented significant dose differences in the cork region, overestimating the measurement, with a overdose higher than 8%. More advanced algorithms, as Eclipse® AAA and Acuros XB, XiO® Superposition and iPlan® XVMC, presented deviations below to 3% in the heterogeneity region. The profile analysis showed, similarly, that the second class of algorithms presents better performance in medium with low electronic density, like cork. The penumbra width presented deviations below to 1 mm for the more sophisticated algorithms against differences up to 4.5 mm between the convolution based algorithms. The dose distribution analysis in lung treatment planning showed that all the calculations performed with heterogeneity corrections presented doses higher than the calculation without heterogeneity corrections. The target volume dose-volume histogram (DVH) had a higher impact compared to the organs at risk. The calculation performed with convolution based algorithms presented dose distributions comparable, although different from the calculation performed without heterogeneity correction. Eclipse® AAA, Acuros XB, XiO® Superposition and iPlan® XVMC presented dose distribution similar, however Eclipse® Acuros XB and iPlan® XVMC are still more similar. The SBRT treatment planning presented higher deviations from the calculation with no heterogeneity correction, compared with the 3D treatment planning. CONCLUSIONS: The different calculation algorithms available have different accuracies in low density mediums. These differences have impact in the dose distributions in lung treatment planning, being the impact higher for the SBRT technique. Between the evaluated algorithms there is, at least one of each manufacturer, that presented acceptable performance in lung equivalent material and it should be the choice in lung treatment planning calculation
73

Imagerie de la ventilation par tomodensitométrie double énergie simple source avec inhalation de gaz noble : optimisation du protocole et résultats préliminaires / Simple source dual energy ventilation imaging after noble gas inhalation : protocol optimisation and preliminary results

Ohana, Mickaël 10 June 2016 (has links)
Ce travail portant sur l’imagerie tomodensitométrique double énergie de la ventilation a permis d’établir les points suivants :• L’irradiation d’un examen thoracique acquis en double énergie peut être abaissée à celle d’un examen acquis en simple énergie, grâce à l’utilisation de la reconstruction itérative.• L’analyse qualitative du parenchyme pulmonaire en imagerie double énergie doit se faire sur les reconstructions monochromatiques 50-55keV.• L’atténuation théorique maximale du Krypton dosé à 80% est modérément inférieure à celle du Xénon dosé à 30%.• La décomposition des matériaux en tomodensitométrie double énergie simple source est possible sur le Xénon et le Krypton.• L’utilisation d’un produit de contraste gazeux n’a pas d’impact significatif sur le Workflow en routine clinique.• Le Krypton est cliniquement sûr à la dose de 80%.• La technique ne permet pas de détecter le Krypton au-delà de la carène de manière satisfaisante, probablement en raison d’une concentration en gaz atteinte insuffisante.• Le recalage élastique augmente les performances diagnostiques de détection de la bronchiolite oblitérante par rapport à une simple analyse visuelle. / This work on dual energy CT ventilation imaging has established the following:• The radiation dose of a dual energy chest CT can be reduced to that of a single energy examination through the use of iterative reconstruction.• The qualitative analysis of the lung parenchyma should be made on the 50-55keV monochromatic reconstructions.• The maximum theoretical attenuation obtained with 80% Krypton is moderately inferior to that of 30% Xenon.• Dual energy material decomposition of Xenon and Krypton is efficient with a single source technique.• The use of a gaseous contrast agent has no significant impact on the workflow in the clinical setting.• The Krypton is safe at 80% concentration.• The technique does not satisfactorily detect Krypton beyond the carina, probably due to insufficient gas concentration.• The elastic registration increases the diagnostic performance of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome detection, compared to a simple visual analysis.
74

In vitro partial-body dose assessment using a radiation responsive protein biomarker /

Leidel, Jason M. January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).

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