Dissertation (Ph.D.).--University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at San Antonio, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the Medical Physics Unit. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/07/29). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Medical Physics))--Mahidol University, 1983.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-155).

Dissertation (Ph.D.) --University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at San Antonio, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:21:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-03-18Bitstream added on 2015-01-26T13:30:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000794951.pdf: 1115711 bytes, checksum: 4c1e59b3111229911b6794fde269fab1 (MD5) / A radioterapia é uma modalidade médica que emprega radiações ionizantes para o tratamento de doenças. O sucesso da terapêutica depende de vários fatores, dentre eles a liberação precisa da dose de radiação no volume tumoral e a perfeita reprodutibilidade diária das orientações prescritas na ficha técnica do paciente. A delimitação do campo de radiação, o qual deve abranger todo o tumor e permitir uma margem de segurança que considere a movimentação anatômica, é feita durante os procedimentos de planejamento radioterápico. Nesta etapa do tratamento, o médico radioterapeuta, auxiliado pelo físico médico e o tecnólogo em radiologia, utiliza técnicas radiográficas através de um sistema de escopia para visualização do volume alvo de irradiação, e realiza imagens radiográficas estáticas para documentação do caso clínico. Na rotina dos procedimentos de planejamento radioterápico, normalmente não é feita a quantificação da dose de radiação liberada no procedimento, devido principalmente à grande e exaustiva agenda de atividades dos profissionais envolvidos. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a dose de radiação liberada em exames radiológicos realizados durante o planejamento radioterápico, avaliando a influência desta dose no total de exposições em que o paciente foi submetido durante todo o curso da radioterapia. A pesquisa consistiu no acompanhamento dos procedimentos de planejamento radioterápico executadas no Serviço Técnico de Radioterapia da Faculdade de Medicina da UNESP de Botucatu, extraindo os valores das técnicas radiográficas empregas para diferentes planejamentos. Após a caracterização individualizada do planejamento, as técnicas radiográficas utilizadas em cada um dos casos clínicos, foram repetidas e as doses de radiação liberadas no procedimento foram quantificadas por meio de detectores de radiação específicos e calibrados para a energia dos raios-x de ... / Radiotherapy is a medical modality that uses ionizing radiation for the treatment of diseases. The treatment success depends on several factors, including the precise release of the radiation dose in the tumor volume and the perfect daily reproducibility of the guidelines prescribed in the technical sheet of the patient. The delimitation of the radiation field, which should cover the entire tumor and allow a safety margin that considers the anatomical movement, is taken during the procedures of the radiotherapy planning. At this stage of treatment, the radiotherapist physician, aided by the medical physicist and the technologist in radiology, utilizes radiographic techniques through a system of scopy to visualize the target volume of irradiation, and performs static radiographic images to document the clinical case. In the routine of the radiotherapy planning procedures, usually is not performed the quantification of the radiation dose released in the procedure, mainly due to the large and exhaustive schedule of activities of the professionals involved. In this study, was assessed the radiation dose released in radiological examinations performed during the radiotherapy planning, evaluating the influence of this dose in the exposures total in which the patient has undergone throughout the radiotherapeutic procedure. The research consisted in monitoring the radiotherapy planning procedures performed at UNESP, “Serviço Técnico de Radioterapia” of “Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu”, extracting the radiographic technique values used for different plannings. After the individualized characterization of the plannning, the radiographic techniques used in each clinical case, were repeated and the radiation doses released in the procedure were quantified by specific radiation detectors and they were calibrated to the energy of the simulation x-ray. It is concluded that the absorbed radiation dose, which ...

Thesis (MSc (Radiography))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / Background and objectives The issue of patient doses received during fluoroscopy procedures, raised concerns for the researcher, as there may have been probable past skin injuries or deterministic injuries that may not have been documented. Amongst the radiology staff, there was very little understanding of what the actual dose area product (DAP) value means in real terms of effective dose and entrance skin dose. The aims of the study were to: i) Measure the radiation doses received by the patient and determine a simple means of defining the DAP value to the radiographer in terms of the dose received by the patient. ii) Determine the effective dose, entrance skin dose and the relationship with the DAP value to assist with developing a conversion co-efficient for dose indicators. Method Direct radiation dose measurements can be obtained through DAP meters attached to the diagnostic equipment, but the DAP value is not an direct indication of the effective dose received by the patient. The DAP values captured from the DICOM header information for barium fluoroscopic procedures at a large tertiary was analysed and Diagnostic Reference levels (DRL) were determined for barium swallow, meal and enema procedures. The effective and skin doses were calculated by means of the Monte Carlo program. The results were compared to published values. The relationship between the entrance skin dose and the DAP value was determined and conversion factors were calculated. Results Correlation between the DAP and entrance skin dose and comparative 75th percentile threshold values were determined for barium swallow (BaS), barium meal (BaM) and barium enema (BaE) procedures. Effective to DAP conversation factors for BaS, BaM and BaE are 0.19, 0.26 and 0.60 respectively and 0.15, 0.11 and 0.14 for entrance skin to DAP. Conclusion The the research showed the relationship between the effective dose, entrance skin dose and DAP value and a simple, practical and applicable explanation of the DAP value by means of conversion factors.

Orientador: Batista de Oliveira Júnior / Coorientador: Marco Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes / Banca: Vladimir Eliodoro da Costa / Banca: Vidal Haddad Júnior / Resumo: A radioterapia é uma modalidade médica que emprega radiações ionizantes para o tratamento de doenças. O sucesso da terapêutica depende de vários fatores, dentre eles a liberação precisa da dose de radiação no volume tumoral e a perfeita reprodutibilidade diária das orientações prescritas na ficha técnica do paciente. A delimitação do campo de radiação, o qual deve abranger todo o tumor e permitir uma margem de segurança que considere a movimentação anatômica, é feita durante os procedimentos de planejamento radioterápico. Nesta etapa do tratamento, o médico radioterapeuta, auxiliado pelo físico médico e o tecnólogo em radiologia, utiliza técnicas radiográficas através de um sistema de escopia para visualização do volume alvo de irradiação, e realiza imagens radiográficas estáticas para documentação do caso clínico. Na rotina dos procedimentos de planejamento radioterápico, normalmente não é feita a quantificação da dose de radiação liberada no procedimento, devido principalmente à grande e exaustiva agenda de atividades dos profissionais envolvidos. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a dose de radiação liberada em exames radiológicos realizados durante o planejamento radioterápico, avaliando a influência desta dose no total de exposições em que o paciente foi submetido durante todo o curso da radioterapia. A pesquisa consistiu no acompanhamento dos procedimentos de planejamento radioterápico executadas no Serviço Técnico de Radioterapia da Faculdade de Medicina da UNESP de Botucatu, extraindo os valores das técnicas radiográficas empregas para diferentes planejamentos. Após a caracterização individualizada do planejamento, as técnicas radiográficas utilizadas em cada um dos casos clínicos, foram repetidas e as doses de radiação liberadas no procedimento foram quantificadas por meio de detectores de radiação específicos e calibrados para a energia dos raios-x de ... / Abstract: Radiotherapy is a medical modality that uses ionizing radiation for the treatment of diseases. The treatment success depends on several factors, including the precise release of the radiation dose in the tumor volume and the perfect daily reproducibility of the guidelines prescribed in the technical sheet of the patient. The delimitation of the radiation field, which should cover the entire tumor and allow a safety margin that considers the anatomical movement, is taken during the procedures of the radiotherapy planning. At this stage of treatment, the radiotherapist physician, aided by the medical physicist and the technologist in radiology, utilizes radiographic techniques through a system of scopy to visualize the target volume of irradiation, and performs static radiographic images to document the clinical case. In the routine of the radiotherapy planning procedures, usually is not performed the quantification of the radiation dose released in the procedure, mainly due to the large and exhaustive schedule of activities of the professionals involved. In this study, was assessed the radiation dose released in radiological examinations performed during the radiotherapy planning, evaluating the influence of this dose in the exposures total in which the patient has undergone throughout the radiotherapeutic procedure. The research consisted in monitoring the radiotherapy planning procedures performed at UNESP, "Serviço Técnico de Radioterapia" of "Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu", extracting the radiographic technique values used for different plannings. After the individualized characterization of the plannning, the radiographic techniques used in each clinical case, were repeated and the radiation doses released in the procedure were quantified by specific radiation detectors and they were calibrated to the energy of the simulation x-ray. It is concluded that the absorbed radiation dose, which ... / Mestre

No description available.

Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008 / The aim of the study was to determine radiation dose levels around the theatre table, on either side of the C-Arm, in order to establish if the radiation dose received by staff during back pain procedures fell within the limits set by the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP). The question that arose from this goal was whether the stance of staff, in relation to the x-ray tube side of the C-Arm, influenced radiation dose levels. In order to apply the ALARA principle, the possibility of lowering the radiation dose in the neurological theatre was explored. The measurement methodology of the study was twofold: measurements were executed by means of TLD meters, as well as with an ionisation chamber. TLD meters were placed on the patient, the neurosurgeon and the radiographer during back pain procedures, and, more specifically, during fluoroscopy, to record the doses with the Image Intensifier (II) above the table as well as with the x-ray tube above the table, at the pelvis and the chest height of the staff. Ionisation chamber measurements were recorded in 25cm intervals around the theatre table with a phantom and the C-Arm positioned in the PA, oblique and lateral positions at 110cm and 133cm heights from the floor. The TLD results indicated that, when compared to the Image Intensifier side, the radiation dose was higher on the x-ray tube side of the C-Arm. The radiation dose was higher at the height closest to the x-ray source. The radiation dose received by the patient was higher with the x-ray tube positioned above the table (PA). The radiation dose to the surgeon’s hand and body was higher with the x-ray tube positioned above the table (PA). Radiation dose levels with the x-ray tube above the table during back pain procedures in the current theatre exceeded the occupational annual recommendation of 500mSv to the neurosurgeons hands, as recommended by the ICRP. The opposite is true with the II positioned above the table. The research question was answered positively in that the x-ray tube under couch orientation has the potential to limit dose levels during back pain procedures. The measurement values resulted in a proposed protocol in terms of positioning of staff and orientation of the C-Arm in order to apply the ALARA principle during back pain procedures. Constant revision of protocols is the responsibility of the radiographer in order to guarantee that the ALARA principle is implemented in every unique situation.