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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Proposta de um modelo de capacidade de processamento de trens cargueiros em redes ferroviárias de linha singela / Proposal of a freight trains processing capacity model on single line railway networks

Isler, Cassiano Augusto 19 April 2010 (has links)
O aumento da produtividade das ferrovias, observado no período pós-concessão da operação à iniciativa privada, é decorrente da utilização de composições com grandes comprimentos e elevadas cargas por eixo, aplicação de tecnologias para o gerenciamento do sistema e investimentos na infra-estrutura. Entretanto, a intensificação do tráfego na malha ferroviária resultou no aumento do desgaste da via permanente, que aliada às restrições geométricas exigiu a imposição de limites operacionais de velocidades, comprometendo significativamente a capacidade de processamento de trens. Esta pesquisa apresenta um método de identificação dos trechos de uma rede ferroviária que necessitam de prioridade de investimentos, visando o aumento da capacidade de processamento, através de um modelo de análise da circulação dos trens com base em diagramas espaço-tempo. Os dados de entrada do modelo são os tempos de viagem nos arcos e a proporção de trens que partem de cada um dos terminais da rede, em relação ao total que converge para um terminal de concentração de cargas. O modelo fornece o número de trens diários que circulam em cada ramal da rede, o arco que restringe o aumento da capacidade do sistema e o intervalo de tempo entre trens sucessivos, no sistema. A aplicação do modelo em uma rede formada pelos ramais do sistema ferroviário do Estado de São Paulo permitiu a identificação dos arcos que restringem o aumento da capacidade dos trens, cujas cargas são destinadas ao Porto de Santos, e reforçou a hipótese de que a falta de conservação da infraestrutura ferroviária é o fator que impõe maiores restrições à circulação dos trens, seguido dos parâmetros geométricos (raio das curvas e rampas) da via permanente. / Increasing the productivity of the railways, after the system\'s operation concessions, is due to usage of long trains with high loads per axis, the application of technologies to properly manage the system and investments on infrastructure. However, the intense traffic on railroad caused an increase on track\'s waste which, attached the geometric limitations, required the imposition of operational limits of speeds, that significantly spoiled the railway capacity. This research presents a method that identify the stretches on a railway network that need priority of investments in order to improve capacity, based on a model that analyses space-time diagrams. The input data of this model are travel times on arches and the proportion of trains that leave each terminal of the network related to all the trains that reach a terminal that concentrates the load. The model provides the number of daily trains traveling on each branch of the network, the arc that restricts the improvement on capacity and the time interval between successive trains in the system. Its application on a network of the State of São Paulo allowed identifying the arcs that restrict the improvement of system\'s capacity, and reinforced the hypothesis that lack of maintenance on railway infrastructure is the greatest restriction on the movement of trains, followed by geometrical parameters (radius of curves and slopes) of the track.
2

Proposta de um modelo de capacidade de processamento de trens cargueiros em redes ferroviárias de linha singela / Proposal of a freight trains processing capacity model on single line railway networks

Cassiano Augusto Isler 19 April 2010 (has links)
O aumento da produtividade das ferrovias, observado no período pós-concessão da operação à iniciativa privada, é decorrente da utilização de composições com grandes comprimentos e elevadas cargas por eixo, aplicação de tecnologias para o gerenciamento do sistema e investimentos na infra-estrutura. Entretanto, a intensificação do tráfego na malha ferroviária resultou no aumento do desgaste da via permanente, que aliada às restrições geométricas exigiu a imposição de limites operacionais de velocidades, comprometendo significativamente a capacidade de processamento de trens. Esta pesquisa apresenta um método de identificação dos trechos de uma rede ferroviária que necessitam de prioridade de investimentos, visando o aumento da capacidade de processamento, através de um modelo de análise da circulação dos trens com base em diagramas espaço-tempo. Os dados de entrada do modelo são os tempos de viagem nos arcos e a proporção de trens que partem de cada um dos terminais da rede, em relação ao total que converge para um terminal de concentração de cargas. O modelo fornece o número de trens diários que circulam em cada ramal da rede, o arco que restringe o aumento da capacidade do sistema e o intervalo de tempo entre trens sucessivos, no sistema. A aplicação do modelo em uma rede formada pelos ramais do sistema ferroviário do Estado de São Paulo permitiu a identificação dos arcos que restringem o aumento da capacidade dos trens, cujas cargas são destinadas ao Porto de Santos, e reforçou a hipótese de que a falta de conservação da infraestrutura ferroviária é o fator que impõe maiores restrições à circulação dos trens, seguido dos parâmetros geométricos (raio das curvas e rampas) da via permanente. / Increasing the productivity of the railways, after the system\'s operation concessions, is due to usage of long trains with high loads per axis, the application of technologies to properly manage the system and investments on infrastructure. However, the intense traffic on railroad caused an increase on track\'s waste which, attached the geometric limitations, required the imposition of operational limits of speeds, that significantly spoiled the railway capacity. This research presents a method that identify the stretches on a railway network that need priority of investments in order to improve capacity, based on a model that analyses space-time diagrams. The input data of this model are travel times on arches and the proportion of trains that leave each terminal of the network related to all the trains that reach a terminal that concentrates the load. The model provides the number of daily trains traveling on each branch of the network, the arc that restricts the improvement on capacity and the time interval between successive trains in the system. Its application on a network of the State of São Paulo allowed identifying the arcs that restrict the improvement of system\'s capacity, and reinforced the hypothesis that lack of maintenance on railway infrastructure is the greatest restriction on the movement of trains, followed by geometrical parameters (radius of curves and slopes) of the track.
3

Étude et modélisation des interactions électriques entre les engins et les installations fixes de traction électrique 25kV/50Hz / Study of harmonics and low frequency interactions between advanced rail vehicles and the 25kV/50Hz power supply

Suarez Diaz, Julian Andres 17 December 2014 (has links)
Depuis un demi-siècle, le développement de la traction électrique ferroviaire en courant monophasé en France s'est appuyé sur les progrès réalisés aussi bien au niveau des installations fixes de traction qu'au niveau du matériel roulant. Toutefois, au cours des deux dernières décennies, l'augmentation du trafic et l'introduction de locomotives avec des chaines de traction innovantes ont été à l'origine de phénomènes électriques qui se sont avérés néfastes pour l'exploitation du système. Les premiers phénomènes observés ont été à l'origine de dégâts matériels à bord de locomotives. Il s'agissait de surtensions résultant d'une interaction défavorable entre l'impédance interne de l'infrastructure et les harmoniques générés par les engins moteurs équipés de redresseurs à thyristors. Plus récemment, suite à l'introduction massive d'engins équipés de redresseurs à absorption sinusoïdale de courant, un phénomène de modulation très basse fréquence de la tension caténaire est apparu et a provoqué la mise hors tension des locomotives voire la disjonction de la sous station alimentant le secteur concerné. Ceci constitue aujourd'hui un obstacle majeur à l'utilisation généralisée de la nouvelle technologie à bord des engins. Ces perturbations affectent l'exploitation du système en entrainant généralement des retards voire des annulations de circulation. Elles peuvent aussi dégrader la qualité d'énergie du réseau d'électricité amont à un niveau tel que la sous-station d'alimentation doit être déconnectée. La direction de l'ingénierie de la SNCF a donc pris des dispositions pour comprendre puis éviter l'apparition des phénomènes observés. Une collaboration interne entre le centre d'ingénierie du matériel et la division des installations fixes de traction électrique ainsi qu'un partenariat avec le LAPLACE ont été mis en place. Le présent document est le fruit de cette collaboration. L'objectif de cette thèse est donc d'étudier et de modéliser les interactions entre les engins et les installations fixes de traction sur le réseau français 25kV/50Hz. Ce manuscrit comporte deux parties principales qui s'organisent ainsi : La première partie est consacrée à l'étude du phénomène de modulation très basse fréquence de la tension caténaire. Les modèles des deux principaux composants du système sont d'abord présentés. Les études ainsi menés permettent de comprendre l'origine du phénomène, puis ensuite de développer une méthode de caractérisation des engins permettant de retrouver les limites de stabilité dans les secteurs problématiques du réseau ferré. Ceci nous a conduit à proposer une représentation générale des locomotives modernes sous forme d'une matrice admittance qu'il est possible d'obtenir par une mesure directe sur des engins réels. La deuxième partie concerne l'étude des interactions harmoniques à l'origine de surtensions sur la caténaire. L'analyse systématique du phénomène est basée sur des outils de simulation de circuits électroniques de puissance utilisant une bibliothèque de modèles élémentaires. La première étape consiste à développer un modèle « moyenne fréquence » du réseau d'alimentation afin de mettre en évidence les fréquences de résonance de l'ensemble ligne/sous-station. La deuxième étape consiste à modéliser les locomotives afin de prendre en compte leur réponse harmonique. Au final, il devient possible de savoir si un engin donné va générer des déformations de la tension en vérifiant si l'une des composantes harmoniques du courant absorbé coïncide avec une des résonances caractéristique du circuit d'alimentation. Pour compléter cette deuxième partie, une modélisation plus fine, intégrant l'effet de peau et l'effet de proximité est abordée. Elle s'appuie sur la caractérisation expérimentale en moyenne fréquence d'un transformateur 50Hz. Ceci nous permet de vérifier l'influence de ces phénomènes sur le comportement fréquentiel du réseau d'alimentation. / For a half a century, the increasing development of AC electrical traction railway networks in France relied on the progress made in the infrastructure power supply an in the rolling stock. However, over the past two decades, increased traffic and the introduction of modern locomotives were the cause of electrical phenomena that have proven harmful to the operation of the railway network. The first events that occurred induced serious faults on board locomotives. It was overvoltages resulting from unfavourable interaction between the internal impedance of the infrastructure and the harmonics generated by the electrical vehicles using thyristor controlled rectifiers. More recently, with the massive introduction of active front-end locomotives, problems of low frequency oscillations and instability were observed causing power off locomotives or disjunction of the sector sub-station. The objective of this thesis is to study and model the interactions between locomotives and fixed installations for electric traction on the French rail network 25kV/50Hz. This script has two main parts, which organized as follows: The first part is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of very low frequency modulation of the catenary voltage. The models of the two main components of the system, namely the single-phase power and the active front-end locomotives are first presented. Studies conducted this way, help to understand the origin of the phenomenon and then to develop a method to characterize the vehicle to find the stability limits in problems sectors of the rail network. This led us to propose a general representation of modern locomotives as an admittance matrix that can be obtained by direct measurement on real machines. The second part is the study of harmonic interactions causing overvoltages on the catenary. Systematic analysis of the phenomenon is based on simulation tools of power electronics circuits using a collection of specific elementary models. The first step consists in developing a “medium frequency” model of the power network in order to highlight the resonance and anti-resonance frequencies of the line/sub-station set. The second step is to model locomotives to take into account their harmonic response. In the end, it becomes possible to know whether a particular machine will generate deformations of the catenary voltage, by checking if any of the harmonic components of the consumed current coincides with one of the characteristic resonances of the traction electric circuit. To complete the second part, a more detailed model is discussed incorporating physical phenomena that occur with an increasing frequency (skin effect in the insulted conductors or proximity effect between conductors).It is based on the experimental characterization on medium frequency of a 50Hz transformer. This allows us to check the influence of these phenomena on the frequency behaviour of the supply network.
4

Ordonnancement des trains dans une gare complexe et à forte densité de circulation / Train platforming problem in busy and complex railway stations

Bai, Lijie 28 August 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur l'ordonnancement des trains dans les gares complexes en forte densité de circulation. L'objet se situe à la réalisation d'un outil pour aider les managers de la gare à générer un tableau des horaires sans-conflits dans un journée. Le management des circulations ferroviaires dans la gare demande l'ordonnancement soigneux pour adapter les ressources limités, en évitant les conflits entre les trains et satisfaisant l'objectif et les politiques économiques et de la sécurité en même temps. D'après les méthodes appliquées en recherche opérationnelle et les expériences professionnelles, une modèle mathématique applicable aux gares différentes est construit pour formaliser le problème de l'ordonnancement des trains contenant la topologie de la gare, activités des trains, contraintes de planification et objectives. Comme un problème à grande échelle, l'ordonnancement des trains dans un journée est décomposé en sous-problèmes traitables dans l'ordre du temps par sliding window algorithme accumulé. Chaque sous-problème est résolu par branch-and-bound de CPLEX. Afin d'accélérer le calcul des sous-problèmes, tri-level optimisation méthode est construit pour offrir une solution optimale locale dans un temps de calcul assez court. Cette solution est donnée à branch-and-bound comme une solution initiale.Ce système consiste à vérifier la faisabilité des horaires donnés à la gare. Les trains avec les conflits insolvables sont retournés à l'origine de ces trains avec les modifications des heures proposées. Déviations des trains commerciaux sont minimisées pour diminuer la propagation du délai dans le réseau ferroviaire. / This thesis focuses on the trains platforming problem within busy and complex railway stations and aims to develop a computerized dispatching support tool for railway station dispatchers to generate a full-day conflict-free timetable. The management of rail traffic in stations requires careful scheduling to fit to the existing infrastructure, while avoiding conflicts between large numbers of trains and satisfying safety or business policy and objectives. Based on operations research techniques and professional railway expertise, we design a generalized mathematical model to formalize the trains platforming problem including topology of railway station, trains' activities, dispatching constraints and objectives. As a large-scale problem, full-day platforming problem is decomposed into tractable sub-problems in time order by cumulative sliding window algorithm. Each sub-problem is solved by branch-and-bound algorithm implemented in CPLEX. To accelerate calculation process of sub-problems, tri-level optimization model is designed to provide a local optimal solution in a rather short time. This local optimum is provided to branch-and bound algorithm as an initial solution.This system is able to verify the feasibility of tentative timetable given to railway station. Trains with unsolvable conflicts will return to their original activity managers with suggestions for the modification of arrival and departure times. Time deviations of commercial trains' activities are minimized to reduce the delay propagation within the whole railway networks.

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