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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Characterization of Ralstonia spp. in Tanzania and Potential Integrated PestManagement Strategies for Managing Bacterial Wilt in Tomatoes

Kanyagha, Hellen Elias January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
2

Etude du rôle lors de l'infection et sur la défense des plantes hôtes des effecteurs de type III RipH1,2,3 et RipAX2 de Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum / Role during infection and on plant defense of the type III effectors RipH1,2,3 and RipAX2 from Ralstonia Pseudosolanacearum

Morel, Arry 17 December 2018 (has links)
Le système de sécrétion de type III est un des déterminants majeurs de la pathogénicité de Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum qui lui permet d’injecter des effecteurs de type III (les « Rip », « Ralstonia Injected Protein ») directement dans les cellules des plantes hôtes. Les effecteurs RipH1, RipH2 et RipH3 sont des effecteurs de type III conservés dans la plupart des souches séquencées. Au cours de ma thèse, le rôle de ces effecteurs RipH lors de l’infection de différentes plantes a été étudié en prenant comme point d’entrée les protéines de tomates avec lesquelles ces effecteurs interagissent. Un criblage par double hybride dans la levure a permis d’identifier 19 de ces protéines « cibles » de tomate. Des méthodes de génétique inverse ont ensuite été utilisées pour chercher le rôle des orthologues de ces protéines dans différentes plantes modèles lors de l’infection par Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum. Du VIGS chez Nicotiana benthamiana a permis de mettre en évidence l’implication des orthologues de la protéine TOM3 : la multiplication bactérienne est moins importante dans les feuilles lorsque l’expression de ces gènes est diminuée. Dans Arabidopsis thaliana, des mutants d’un gène orthologue de la cible TOM9, décrit comme jouant entre autres un rôle dans la remodélisation de la chromatine, est plus résistant à l’infection par R. pseudosolanacearum. Dans un deuxième chapitre correspondant à un article publié, le rôle de l’effecteur RipAX2 a été étudié dans la résistance des aubergines AG91-25. La présence de cet effecteur dans la souche GMI1000 est nécessaire à l’établissement de la résistance de cette variété dans laquelle le locus de résistance EBWR9 a été mis en évidence. L’ajout de RipAX2 dans la souche PSS4, une souche pathogène de AG91-25 qui ne possède pas cet effecteur naturellement, la rend non pathogène. De plus, le motif protéique putatif « zincbinding » qui est décrit comme nécessaire pour l’induction de réponses de défense chez l’espèce proche de l’aubergine Solanum torvum n’est pas nécessaire pour la résistance de AG91-25. Enfin, la conservation de l’effecteur RipAX2 dans les différentes souches du complexe d’espèces de Ralstonia solanacearum a été étudiée pour évaluer l’efficacité potentielle de cette source de résistance contre différentes souches. / One of the major virulence determinants of plant pathogenic Ralstonia species is the type III secretion system that enables it to inject proteins (also called “Ralstonia Injected Proteins” or Rip) into the host cells. The RipH1,2,3 type III effectors are conserved in different strains of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex. The role of these effectors during infection has been studied, taking as an entry point the tomato proteins they interact with. Using yeast-two-hybrid screenings we have identified 19 tomato targets of these three RipH. Reverse genetics methods have then been used to study the role of orthologous genes of these targets in other model plants. Virus induced gene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that the orthologous genes of TOM3 were involved in plant response to Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, as the bacterial multiplication was diminished in plants silenced for these genes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, mutants of the TOM9 orthologous gene which is described as involved in chromatin remodelisation were more tolerant to infection. In a second chapter corresponding to a published article, the role of RipAX2 has been studied. This effector triggers specific resistance in AG9125 eggplant which carry the major resistance locus EBWR9. This eggplant accession AG9125 is resistant to the wild type R. pseudosolanacearum strain GMI1000, while a ripAX2 defective mutant of this strain can cause wilt. The addition of ripAX2 from GMI1000 to the naturally pathogenic strain PSS4 suppresses its pathogenicity, demonstrating that RipAX2 causes AG9125 resistance. Moreover, a zinc binding motif described as necessary to induce defenses on the eggplant wild relative Solanum torvum upon RipAX2 recognition is not necessary for AG91-25 resistance. The conservation of RipAX2 has been studied in the different strains of the bacteria in order to determine the potential of this resistance source against various strains for breeding
3

Resistência à murcha bacteriana em linhagens e híbridos de tomateiro

MENDES, Adônis Queiroz 28 July 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2017-10-03T14:14:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adonis Queiroz Mendes.pdf: 1093724 bytes, checksum: bc45e45f52c149dd3de62f8015c94732 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-03T14:14:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adonis Queiroz Mendes.pdf: 1093724 bytes, checksum: bc45e45f52c149dd3de62f8015c94732 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-28 / Among the Solanaceae family, tomato plant is the second most produced in the world, behind only the potato. In Northeast of Brazil, its cultivation has been limited to sub regions of the Agreste and the Sertão, as a result of plant diseases problems, especially bacterial wilt. It is a disease caused by a complex of Ralstonia solanacearum species, and it has been reported in more than 450 species of plants. The losses caused by this disease are severe in plantations occurred during rainy summers and inside of greenhouses. This study aims to identify and obtain tomato germplasms resistant to bacterial wilt from 23 lines of tomato and 24 experimental hybrids. It was utilized the isolates CRM 74, CRM 76 and CRM 77 of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum for the evaluation of lines, and the isolates CRM 74 and CRM 77 for evaluation of the hybrids. The 23 lines, with seven controls, were sowed, transplanted after 21 days and inoculated with 15 ml of the bacterial suspension with 5x108 CFU ml-1 per vase of 500 ml. The experiment had a completely randomized with three repetitions and every parcel had four vases with one plant each. Evaluations were carried out observing the incidence and severity of the disease and based on the result it was calculated: bacterial wilt index (IMB), incidence (INC), latency period (PL 50) and area below the curve of disease progression (AACPD). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Besides that estimating the phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlation coefficients between the resistance components and calculating the dissimilarity of the Mahalanobis distance (D) to determine the genetic divergence among the lines. The Yoshimatsu and Hawaii 7996 were used as testers in crosses with the 10 lines of best results tomatoes and cultivars IPA-6 and Santa Clara. Subsequently, F1 hybrid was evaluated for bacterial wilt resistance during 15 days, analyzing the incidence and disease severity (SEV) using a descriptive scale notes from 0 to 4. The data were used to determine the general (CGC) and specific combining (CEC) capacities to four resistance components, estimating genetic parameters such as heritability, phenotypic, genotypic and environmental variance. The interaction genotypes x isolates presented significant difference at 1% probability only for the variables latency period and area below the disease progress curve. Considering bacterial wilt index, lines L04, L42, L49, L53, L82, L120, L125 and L128 were classified as resistant, but for incidence there were no lines that behaved similarly to the resistant controls Hawaii 7996, Yoshimatsu and Woodstock. As for genotype correlations, in 100% of the pairs of characters, values equal to or slightly higher than the phenotypic correlations were observed. Similar to these two, in 50% of the cases, were slightly higher than the environmental correlations, showing that the environment favored as the same form for IMB x PL 50, IMB x AACPD and PL 50 x AACPD. For the analysis of the dendrogram, a cut around 15.2% dissimilarity allowed the formation of four distinct groups and four subgroups. Group I was composed of resistant genotypes containing: Hawaii 7996, Woodstock, Yoshimatsu, Tropithai, L04, L42, L49, L53, L82, L125, L120 and L128, in addition to lines with moderate resistance. Considering the combining abilities of the experimental hybrids, the crosses that showed the greatest potentials for resistance were the YOS x L04 with the two isolates, and the HAW x L125 with the isolate CRM 74, since they were the only ones with a positive CEC for PL 50 and negative for the others characters. Also, presenting values from intermediate to superior that highlighted for the character PL 50, besides a high value for CEC, and at least one of the parents presented a high CGC value, which it is desirable. Observing the genetic parameters, the estimated values of the genetic variance were higher than the environmental variance for all the resistance components studied for the two bacterial isolates. However, it was observed in this study that the gene expression of the tomato resistance phenotype is resulted from the action of additive and non-additive gene effects, where the non-additive gene effects are involved in the four resistance components and that the additive effects are involved in the IMB, INC and AACPD. / Dentre as solanáceas o tomateiro é a segunda mais produzida no mundo, perdendo apenas para a batata. No Nordeste brasileiro o seu cultivo tem se limitado às mesorregiões do Agreste e do Sertão, tendo como um dos fatores para os problemas fitossanitários, principalmente a murcha bacteriana. Trata-se de uma doença causada pelo complexo de espécies Ralstonia solanacearum, sendo já relatada em mais de 450 espécies de plantas. As perdas causadas por essa doença são severas em plantios realizados durante verões chuvosos e em cultivo protegido. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e obter germoplasmas de tomateiro resistentes à murcha bacteriana entre 23 linhagens e 24 híbridos experimentais de tomateiro. Foram utilizados os isolados CRM 74, CRM 76 e CRM 77 de Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum para avaliação das linhagens e os isolados CRM 74 e CRM 77 para avaliação dos híbridos experimentais. As 23 linhagens, juntamente com sete testemunhas, foram semeadas, transplantadas após 21 dias e inoculadas com 15 ml de suspensão bacteriana na concentração de 5x108 UFC ml-1 para cada vaso de 500 ml. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições e cada parcela foi constituída por quatro vasos com uma planta cada. As avaliações foram realizadas observando a incidência e a severidade da doença e a partir dessas medidas foram calculados: índice de murcha bacteriana (IMB), incidência (INC), período de latência (PL 50) e área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias agrupadas pelos testes de Scott-Knott, a 5% de probabilidade, além de estimar os coeficientes de correlações fenotípicas, genotípicas e ambientais entre os componentes de resistência e calcular a dissimilaridade através da distância de Mahalanobis (D2) determinando a divergência genética entres as linhagens. As cultivares Yoshimatsu e Hawaii 7996 foram utilizadas como testadoras em cruzamentos com as cultivares IPA-6 e Santa Clara, além de 10 linhagens de tomateiro que apresentaram os melhores resultados na etapa anterior. Posteriormente, os híbridos F1 foram avaliados quanto à resistência à murcha bacteriana durante 15 dias, quanto à incidência e a severidade da doença (SEV) com auxílio de escala descritiva de notas variando de 0 a 4. Os dados foram utilizados para determinar a capacidade geral (CGC) e específica (CEC) de combinação para os quatro componentes de resistência, além de estimar parâmetros genéticos, tais como herdabilidade, variância fenotípica, genotípica e ambiental. A interação genótipos x isolados apresentou diferença significativa a 1% de probabilidade apenas para as variáveis período de latência e área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença. Considerando o índice de murcha bacteriana, as linhagens L04, L42, L49, L53, L82, L120, L125 e L128 foram classificadas como resistentes, mas para incidência não houve linhagem que se comportasse de forma semelhante às testemunhas resistentes Hawaii 7996, Yoshimatsu e Woodstock. No tocante às correlações genotípicas, em 100% dos pares de caracteres, foram observados valores iguais ou ligeiramente superiores às correlações fenotípicas, assim como essas duas, em 50% dos casos, foram ligeiramente superiores às correlações ambientais, mostrando que o ambiente favoreceu da mesma forma para IMB x PL 50, IMB x AACPD e PL 50 x AACPD. Para análise do dendrograma, um corte em torno de 15,2% de dissimilaridade possibilitou a formação de quatro grupos distintos e quatro subgrupos. O grupo I foi constituído por genótipos considerados resistentes: Hawaii 7996, Woodstock, Yoshimatsu, Tropithai, L04, L42, L49, L53, L82, L120, L125 e L128, além de linhagens com resistência moderada. Considerando as capacidades de combinação dos híbridos experimentais, os cruzamentos que apresentaram os maiores potenciais para resistência foram os YOS x L04 com os dois isolados e o HAW x L125 com o isolado CRM 74, pois foram os únicos com CEC positiva para PL 50 e negativa para os demais caracteres, apresentando valores de intermediário a superior e que se destacaram para a variável PL 50, além de alto valor para CEC, pelo menos um dos genitores apresentou alto valor de CGC, o que é desejável. Observando os parâmetros genéticos, os valores estimados da variância genética foram superiores aos da variância ambiental para todos os componentes de resistência estudados para os dois isolados bacterianos. Todavia, observou-se neste estudo que a expressão gênica do fenótipo resistência em tomateiro é resultante da ação de efeitos gênicos aditivos e não aditivos, em que os efeitos gênicos não aditivos estão envolvidos nos quatro componentes de resistência e que os efeitos aditivos estão envolvidos no IMB, INC e AACPD.
4

Controle genético da resistência do tomateiro 'yoshimatsu' à Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum e Ralstonia solanacearum

COSTA, Kleyton Danilo da Silva 14 July 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2017-10-03T14:42:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Kleyton Danilo da Silva Costa.pdf: 1289095 bytes, checksum: 9861fbf632f584701f964a72b5670215 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-03T14:42:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kleyton Danilo da Silva Costa.pdf: 1289095 bytes, checksum: 9861fbf632f584701f964a72b5670215 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-14 / The bacterial wilt in the tomato crop is a disease that has local, national and world importance. This disease is difficult to control and can cause damage that can compromise the entire crop. Genetic resistance within integrated management is the primary measure of bacterial wilt control. In this sense, the knowledge of the genetic control of resistance in breeding programs tends to improve the efficiency in its planning and in the choice of the best method to be adopted. The objective of this thesis was to study the genetic control of resistance of 'Yoshimatsu' tomato to Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum and Ralstonia solanacearum. In the first stage two experiments were conducted with Yoshimatsu, IPA-7 and the F1, F2, RC11 and RC21 generations, using a randomized block design with four replicates. In the second stage two experiments were conducted with 43 progenies F2:3 and their parents with the same experimental design of the first stage. At each stage the two species of the R. solanacearum complex were inoculated in independent experiments. The incidence and severity of bacterial wilt were evaluated by means of a descriptive scale of notes at 10 and 20 days after inoculation. Genetic control of the resistance of tomato 'Yoshimatsu' to R. pseudosolanacearum involves two genes of greater effect with independent segregation of additive effects only, plus polygenes with additive and dominance effects, in which resistance is associated with recessive alleles. On the other hand, the genetic control of the resistance of the tomato 'Yoshimatsu' to R. solanacearum involves two genes of greater effect with independent segregation of additive effects and dominance, plus polygenes with additive and dominance effects, in which resistance is also associated To recessive alleles. In this study, the selection of plants resistant to R. pseudosolanacearum and R. solanacearum is indicated mainly at 20 days after inoculation. / A murcha bacteriana na cultura do tomateiro é uma doença que tem importância local, nacional e mundial. Esta doença é de difícil controle e pode provocar prejuízos que podem comprometer toda a lavoura. A resistência genética dentro do manejo integrado é a principal medida de controle da murcha bacteriana. Neste sentido, o conhecimento do controle genético da resistência em programas de melhoramento tende a aprimorar a eficiência em seu planejamento e na escolha do melhor método a ser adotado. O objetivo com esta tese foi estudar o controle genético da resistência do tomateiro ‘Yoshimatsu’ à Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum e Ralstonia solanacearum. Na primeira etapa dois experimentos foram conduzidos com os genitores Yoshimatsu, IPA-7 e as gerações F1, F2, RC11 e RC21, utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualisados com quatro repetições. Na segunda etapa dois experimentos foram conduzidos com 43 progênies F2:3 e seus genitores com o mesmo delineamento experimental da primeira etapa. Em cada etapa foram inoculadas as duas espécies do complexo R. solanacearum, em experimentos independentes. Foram avaliadas a incidência e severidade da murcha bacteriana por meio de escala descritiva de notas aos 10 e 20 dias após a inoculação. O controle genético da resistência do tomateiro ‘Yoshimatsu’ à R. pseudosolanacearum envolve dois genes de efeito maior com segregação independente de efeitos aditivos apenas, mais poligenes com efeitos aditivos e de dominância, em que a resistência está associada a alelos recessivos. Por outro lado, o controle genético da resistência do tomateiro ‘Yoshimatsu’ à R. solanacearum envolve dois genes de efeito maior com segregação independente de efeitos aditivos e de dominância, mais poligenes com efeitos aditivos e de dominância, em que a resistência também está associada a alelos recessivos. Neste estudo, a seleção de plantas resistentes a R. pseudosolanacearum e R. solanacearum é indicada principalmente aos 20 dias após a inoculação.

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