Thesis (M.S.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Physics and Astronomy." Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-113).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [116]-124).

Thesis (MS)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2009. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Wm. Randall Babbitt. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-70).

Thesis (M.S.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2005. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: David Dickensheets. Includes bibliographical references.

The theory of the Raman Effect in crystals has been re-examined by O. Theimer (Can. J. Phys. 1956, 34 312) in an attempt to overcome some discrepancies between experimental results and predictions of the theory. New selection rules have been derived by investigating the validity of the assumptions made in the earlier theory. The new theory, applied to the symmetric Raman line of Calcite, predicts that, for the crystal orientated with its optic axis parallel to the illuminated surface, the "forbidden" component will be truly forbidden for forward or backward scattering, while appearing as previously reported for scattering at 90°. The present investigation is concerned with measuring the relative intensities of the polarized components of this line for backward scattering, the measurements being made with the crystal orientated with its optic axis either parallel or perpendicular to the illuminated surface. A method for increasing the scattering volume by joining several crystals along cleavage faces has been developed and a new mercury discharge lamp was designed which gave an appreciable increase of the illumination intensity. The relative intensities of the components of the symmetric Raman line obtained were evaluated by careful consideration of the characteristics of the photographic emulsion used to record them. The results tend to confirm the predictions of the new theory. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

Microfluidic H-cells and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy are capable of analysing the asphaltene content of petroleum. An H-cell is a microfluidic device that exploits the non-turbulent flow of fluids within a micrometre-dimensioned channel. Diffusive separation in an H-cell permits a liquid that is miscible with the sample matrix to be used as an extractant. It was demonstrated that n-hexane can be used as extractant to obtain an asphaltene-free fraction of oil. The difference between the UV-Vis adsorption spectra of the asphaltene-free oil and the oil sample can then be used to estimate its asphaltene content. This has been demonstrated for a range of oils with asphaltene content between 1-30% and API gravity values between 40-10°, thus liquid petroleum and bitumen can be rapidly assayed by an H-cell; similarly, asphaltene and carboxylic acid content of oil can be determined simultaneously when methanol is used as extractant. The results were shown to be comparable to assays achieved via the ASTM D4124 and ASTM D974 methods respectively. For the first time it was demonstrated that surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, using a gold substrate and illumination at 514 nm, can detect extremely low concentrations of asphaltene. This was shown to be achievable for asphaltene and related materials at concentrations of 0.001 ppm. In addition, data also demonstrated that the core of the Raman-responsive units within asphaltene have crystallite sizes equivalent to the Raman-responsive units in kerogen (~3 nm). Both methods provide technological advances because they make it possible to detect asphaltene in small sample volumes, using smaller footprint instrumentation. The H-cell method would be extremely useful for appraising oilfield potential, record the attenuation of oil-spills and provide frequent geochemical data that can monitor these at point of need. Similarly, the SERS technique widens the field of application into areas previously inaccessible to current techniques such as the effect of low concentrations of asphaltene-like materials in ecological and living systems.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1958 F58 / Master of Science

by Tsoi Hing Lun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-102). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- General review --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Our work --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Experimental setup and procedures / Chapter 2.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- ZnSe heterostructure --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Quantum dot --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Common aspects of Raman scattering --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- General studies --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Excitation power density dependent studies --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Angular dependent studies --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Excitation energy dependent studies --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4 --- Peripheral measurements --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Spectral calibration --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Alignment and system stability checks --- p.18 / Chapter 2.5 --- The method of measuring the Raman scattering efficiency --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Band Bending at the interface of ZnSe/GaAs / Chapter 3.1 --- Results and discussions --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Characteristics of QD phonons / Chapter 4.1 --- Angular dependent studies --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2 --- Excitation energy dependent studies --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3 --- The nature of the QD phonons --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4 --- The measurement of the Raman scattering efficiency of QDs --- p.67 / Conclusions --- p.75 / Future work --- p.73 / Appendix1 --- p.79 / Appendix2 --- p.82 / Appendix3 --- p.86 / Appendix4 --- p.88 / Appendix5 --- p.95 / References --- p.93

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-164).