Originally presented as the author's thesis, Zürich, 1966. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 176-178).

Originally presented as the author's thesis, Zürich, 1966. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 176-178).

Avhandling--Kunsthistorie--Universitetet i Oslo, 1997? / Bibliogr. p. 644-668.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Johns Hopkins University, 1901. / The author's redaction of the text of the "Art de contemplacio" (a part of the fifth book of the Blaquerna) is not included. Bibliography: p. 13-16.

Thèse--Paris. / Bibliography: p. [455]-481.

Th.--Lett.--Paris 4, 1978.

This thesis inquires into the nature of the esperpento of Ramon del Valle-Inclan in order to understand the qualities inherent in the genre; and further, it considers the contemporaneous nature of this art form that makes it relevant to contemporary art and thought.

ABSTRACT THE CRUSADE OF RAMON LLULL: APOLOGETICS AND EVANGELISM TO MUSLIMS DURING THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY Numa Ulisses Gomez, Ph.D. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2018 Chair: Dr. James A. Parker III Ramon Llull was a thirteenth-century Franciscan monk who lived during a tumultuous period in Spain’s history. Those who have studied missions believe Llull is the first and greatest missionary to Muslims. He is recognized as the greatest Catalan mystic and poet whose writings helped influence Neo-Platonic mysticism throughout Medieval and seventeenth-century Europe. He believed love for Christ and love for the lost should be the only motivating factors to evangelize and teach the lost. Many modern missionaries and historians believe Llull understood salvation by grace in the blood of Jesus Christ. Llull was always in good standing with the church during his lifetime. Chapter 1 gives an overview of Llull’s life, calling, missionary zeal, writings and apologetic work, and the reasons why he taught the truths of Scripture. Chapter 2 offers a historical background and setting for Llull’s work and his calling into ministry. Chapter 3 explains his theology and philosophy of ministry, giving a panoramic view of his ministry. Chapter 4 digs deeper into his apologetic, specifically, his refutation of Averroes philosophy. Chapter 5 looks at his apologetic work in the Jewish community and evangelism of Jews. Chapter 6 looks at his apologetic work within his own faith community and introduces some of his literature aimed at refuting pagan philosophy in his culture. Chapter 7 reviews at his travels and missionary journeys and impact in society. Chapter 8 is some concluding thoughts on his work in discipling others and in society. Llull’s aim in his writings and his ministry was the conversion of Muslim and Jews “that in the whole world there may not be more than one language, one belief, and one faith.” Soon after his conversion, Llull concluded he should evangelize Muslims, who were numerous in southern Spain. He was inspired by the writings and actions of St. Francis of Assisi who lived earlier, and had reached out to Muslims in hopes of converting many to Christianity. Llull’s apologetic work focused on refuting the philosophy of the Muslim philosopher Averroes. Llull’s purpose was to show Muslims the error of this philosophy so that they could not fail to see the truth. The strength of the Muslim religion in the age of scholasticism was its philosophy, and with this in mind, Llull developed a system or logical machine (Art) where theological propositions could be arranged in circles, squares, triangles, and other geometric figures so that opponents could not reject his arguments. Llull exalted the doctrine of the Trinity as central to evangelism, spiritual formation, and apologetic work. Llull believed personal testimony was far superior to any philosophic argument because it testified to the power of the gospel and not to a system. Llull took into account faith and reason as acceptable (in terms of belief) to all three religions. This dissertation explored his spirituality and how it influenced not only his personal life, but also apologetic and evangelistic work.

This dissertation avers that the circulation of manuscript copies and printed editions of the works of Ramon Llull had a key role in Iberian cultural history and signaled a shift from a Christian logic of conversion to a universal key for organizing all the disciplines of knowledge. As copies of Ramon Llull’s manuscripts traveled from the Black Forest, Majorca, and Paris to be housed in the libraries of early modern institutions, such as the Colegio de San Ildefonso and the Monastery of El Escorial, they formed what I call portable archives of the Art. By reading the inventories of the libraries of these institutions, along with copies of the works of Ramon Llull preserved at the Escorial, the Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid, and the University of Freiburg, my dissertation combines the study of the place of Ramon Llull in the medieval history of ideas and the material features of said portable archives. My dissertation contributes to history of the book studies as it examines a unique case among medieval traditions and shows that the compilation of manuscripts and the elaboration of printed editions repurpose the original idea of the Art. I work with primary sources in Latin, Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese, attributed to Ramon Llull and to other authors, to trace his influence on early modern authors, such as Pedro de Guevara, Juan de Herrera, Diego de Valadés, and João de Barros.

Cette thèse a pour objet l’étude de la revue illustrée artistique et littéraire Pèl & Ploma, publiée à Barcelone entre 1899 et 1903 et dirigée par son duo fondateur, les artistes catalans Miquel Utrillo (1862-1934) et Ramon Casas (1866-1932). Ce travail s’attache, d’une part, à montrer le rôle central que joue Miquel Utrillo dans le cours de sa revue. C'est ainsi que le contexte familial de celui-ci est pris en compte dans cette étude qui définit divers enjeux régénérateurs de la publication Pèl & Ploma située dans le contexte espagnol du « Désastre » de 1898. D'autre part, la thèse précise les principales conceptions artistiques et littéraires défendues dans le périodique barcelonais, notamment à travers plusieurs de ses collaborateurs, lesquels sont tous classés par nationalité dans des tableaux synoptiques placés en annexes. Enfin, cette étude souligne tout particulièrement la dimension européenne de Pèl & Ploma : elle situe la revue au cœur du contexte effervescent de la presse publiée alors en Espagne et dans le reste de l’Europe et détermine un certain nombre de titres internationaux ayant influencé le périodique de Utrillo et de Casas pendant ses quatre années de parution. La perspective européenne est également adoptée dans l’analyse de la diffusion et de la réception de Pèl & Ploma qui dépasse largement les frontières nationales. / This thesis deals with the study of the artistic and literary illustrated review Pèl & Ploma, published in Barcelona between 1899 and 1903 and directed by its founding duo, the Catalan artists Miquel Utrillo (1862-1934) and Ramon Casas (1866-1932). This work focuses, on one hand, on showing Miquel Utrillo’s centrality in the course of his review. Thus, we consider his family context in this study that defines various regenerator issues of Pèl & Ploma situated in the Spanish context of the “Desaster” of 1898. On the other hand, the thesis specifies the main artistic and literary conceptions defended in the Barcelonese periodical, especially through several of its contributors who are all classified by nationality in synoptic charts placed in appendices. At last, this study especially highlights the European scope of Pèl & Ploma: it places the review in the middle of the effervescent press context published at that time in Spain and in the rest of Europe and identifies a number of international periodicals that influenced the Utrillo and Casas’s review during its four years of publication. The European perspective is also adopted in the analysis of the diffusion and reception of Pèl & Ploma beyond the national borders. / Esta tesis tiene por objeto el estudio de la revista ilustrada artística y literaria Pèl & Ploma, publicada en Barcelona entre 1899 y 1903 y dirigida por su dúo fundador, los artistas catalanes Miquel Utrillo (1862-1934) y Ramón Casas (1866-1932). Este trabajo se dedica, por una parte, a mostrar el papel central que desempeña Miquel Utrillo en el curso de su revista. Así es como se toma en cuenta el contexto familiar de éste en este estudio, el cual define diversos objetivos regeneradores de la publicación Pèl & Ploma situada en el contexto español del “Desastre” del 98. Por otra parte, la tesis especifica las principales concepciones artísticas y literarias defendidas en el periódico barcelonés, especialmente a través de varios de sus colaboradores, los cuales aparecen todos clasificados por nacionalidad en unos cuadros sinópticos que están en los anejos de la tesis. Por fin, este estudio subraya particularmente la dimensión europea de Pèl & Ploma: sitúa la revista dentro del contexto próspero de la prensa publicada entonces en España y en el resto de Europa y determina algunos títulos internacionales que han influido en el periódico de Utrillo y de Casas durante sus cuatro años de publicación. Se adopta también la perspectiva europea en el análisis de la difusión y recepción de Pèl & Ploma que va mucho más allá de las fronteras nacionales.