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Estágio realizado na OPT-Optimização e Planeamento de Transportes, S.A / Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Informática e Computação. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2009

Det har genom åren förts en diskussion om RAD och andra snabba utvecklingsmetoder. Det här arbetet handlar det om att utveckla IS med hjälp av RAD-verktyg. Utveckling kommer att göras av olika personer med varierande IT-erfarenheter. Genom att låta personerna vara med i observationen finns det en möjlighet att se vilka som klarar av att utveckla ett IS liknande scenariot som används i studien. Ett scenario har utvecklats och verifierats med hjälp av en IT-forskare på Högskolan i Skövde, att det är ett rimligt scenario. Vidare har det i sin tur används som underlag till intervjuer för att verifiera ifall det är ett troligt och rimligt scenario som har en verklighetsanknytning. Ett antal deltagare med olika IT-erfarenheter har fått möjligheten att lösa problemet i scenariot med hjälp av ett RAD-verktyg. Deltagarna har blivit indelade i tre grupper utifrån deras IT-erfarenheter, de tre grupperna är: inga databaskunskaper, grundläggande databaskunskaper och avancerad databaskunskaper. Deltagarna har en begränsad tid på sig, under den tiden ska de försöka lösa problemet genom att bygga ett IS. I resultatet framgår det vilken typ av IT-kunskapsnivå som är rimlig att ha om användaren ska utveckla ett IS likt scenariot. Syfte med arbetet har varit att ta reda på vilken kategori av deltagare som kommer att klara av utvecklingen av ett informationssystem genom att använda sig av ett RAD-verktyg. Utifrån de observationen som genomfördes så var det bara användare på avancerad databaskunskaper som klarade av att lösa uppgiften. Övriga användare avbröt observationen på grund av olika anledningar.

An increasing amount of companies and organizations are starting to implement the use of cloud computing in their business. This trend results in that software, which was previously sold and distributed to the customers whom then had to install the software on their own computers, now is being replaced with Software as a Service (SaaS). SaaS makes software available through the customers’ browsers, which results in that the service providers only have to administer a single application. The process to migrate a distributed application to a service delivered as a SaaS lacks sufficient investigation; this paper will provide some guidelines for conducting such a pro- cess. During the work on this paper, a prototype of a service delivered as a SaaS has been devel- oped with the intention to test, among other things, how a distributed relational database can be converted to a key/value pair storage. A conversion of this kind enables data to be stored locally in the customers’ browsers, which relieves some pressure on the server as well as enables the application to be used in offline-mode. The paper results in three guidelines which should be considered when planning to migrate software to a service delivered as a SaaS with a local data- base; Think before you act, Don’t expose your soul and Size matters. These guidelines describe how a migration process should be planned, when an application is not deemed appropriate to migrate and when a conversion of the database is not appropriate. / Allt fler företag och organisationer börjar implementera användandet av olika molntjänster i sin verksamhet. Den här trenden medför att programvaror, som tidigare sålts och distribuerats till kunder vilka sedan själva får installera dem på sina egna datorer, nu börjar ersättas med en Soft- ware as a Service (SaaS). Det innebär att programvaran istället finns tillgänglig på Internet via kundernas webbläsare, något som medför att tjänsteleverantören enbart behöver administrera en enda programvara. Processen att migrera en distribuerad programvara till en SaaS-tjänst saknar ordentlig utredning, det här arbetet syftar därför till att ta fram några vägledande riktlinjer för en sådan process. Under arbetets gång har en prototyp av en SaaS-tjänst utvecklats med syfte att testa bland annat hur en tidigare distribuerad relationsdatabas kan konverteras till nyckel/värde- par. En sådan konvertering möjliggör lokal lagring av data i kundernas webbläsare, vilket mins- kar belastningen på servern samt erbjuder möjligheten att arbeta offline. Arbetet resulterar i tre riktlinjer att beakta då en migration till en SaaS-tjänst med lokal databas planeras; Tänk efter, före, Blotta inte din själ och Storleken har betydelse. Riktlinjerna beskriver hur en migrations- process bör planeras, när en applikation inte anses lämplig att migrera samt när en konvertering av databasen inte anses lämplig.

<div>In the modern era where technology is constantly evolving, it is important to evaluate new technological tools and approaches in order to gauge their potential for adoption. Rapid Application Development (RAD) has highly evolved over the years, but it has not seen much response at the university level. Several studies show that perceptions of usability form the basis of acceptance or rejection of new tools and applications. Thus, running a usability study on a specific RAD tool coupled with autoethnographic documentation of specific development experience with that tool has the potential to encourage university faculty/staff to consider teaching/using it.</div><div><br></div><div>This research study seeks to understand developers' perceptions regarding the usability aspect of Mendix, a Rapid Application Development (RAD) tool. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed to discover and understand the extent of perceived usefulness, ease of use and satisfaction with the tool. The results of the study presented a case for academicians on the viability of teaching RAD or using Mendix for their web application development needs. The study ultimately sought to help university faculty understand what to expect while teaching RAD to students from computing background and also help them decide if they would like to use tools like Mendix for their software development projects or continue to use specific coding languages (traditional software development) for software development projects. </div><div><br></div>

The topic of this master's thesis is a comparison of web Rapid Application Development frameworks Ruby on Rails and Spring Roo. The paper focuses on creating extensive overview of pros and cons of the subjected tools from the web developer's point of view to enhance his awareness about the subject, also to come up with new questions for further analysis or even convince him to use one of the frameworks in the real projects. Firstly, the paper contains a theoretical overview of the common conceptions for better understanding of the following parts and then specific principles for each of the selected frameworks. Secondly, there is a practical part. On one hand it demonstrates the implementation of a reference application using both platforms to illustrate the practical distinctions. On the other hand, it also contains an overall comparison based on the defined methodology. Altogether, it should form a comprehensive comparison of the selected frameworks for web developers interested in Ruby and Java platforms.

This thesis deals with design and implementation of a framework for rapid application development that use multimedia, spatial and temporal databases. Introduces readers with applied technologies and framework design. Framework design contains three graphical components that can be used in Java applications using Java Swing graphics library.

Häufig wird für kommerzielle oder wissenschaftliche Zwecke Individualsoftware benötigt. Obwohl Anwendungen häufig denselben Mustern folgen, müssen oft auch triviale Bestandteile immer wieder neu entwickelt werden, zudem erfordert die Entwicklung allgemein entsprechende Fachkenntnisse. Daher besteht die Idee Plattformen zu entwickeln, die keine oder wenig Programmierung erfordern und somit die einfache und schnelle Entwicklung von Anwendungen unterstützen, um Zeit und Kosten zu sparen. Das W3C hat für verteilte Dienste Standards für die Beschreibung von Diensten, Prozessen und auch die Präsentation etabliert. Es ist Ziel dieser Arbeit diese Standards zu kombinieren und ein kompatibles, jedoch vereinfachtes Beschreibungsformat zu entwickeln, einschließlich einem Werkzeugkasten für die Codegenerierung und Bereitstellung einer Laufzeitumgebung. Durch Modularisierung soll die Plattform einfach erweiterbar bleiben.

The growing demand for IT professionals to develop and maintain software is creating huge concerns for organizations looking to keep up and build resilience. The trends show that there is a large shortage compared to the demand. Manufacturing companies are no exception to this, and the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies will most likely increase this need even further. However, developing software solutions often requires specialized knowledge, and organizations are looking far and wide for the competence. If it is present, it is often found in the organization’s centralized IT departments. Low-code development might offer a solution, by lowering the threshold for employees and individuals to develop, deploy and maintained applications with limited technical expertise. Low-code development is method that enables software applications to be built using graphical user interfaces in so called low-code development platforms. The platforms provide templates, drag-and-drop modules and integration with other systems to reduce the complexity of the application development process. These platforms could offer advantages for manufacturing firms, including quicker development that could aid in responding to new requirements. Other benefits include: cost savings and shorter development cycles, allowing for faster releases which can help enterprises stay more competitive and reduce risk. This thesis probes the factors to consider with low-code platforms, such as the role of citizen developers and the balance between accessibility and control in the context of manufacturing industries. It explores how low-code development could enhance efficiency and presents a case study from the engine assembly facility in Scania Södertälje. Best practices for building an organization around low-code developers are discussed. The insights from this study provide an understanding of the complexities and potential of low-code development, laying the groundwork for further exploration and implementation. Combined, the results and insights offer a clear perspective on how low-code development can assist organizations in the digital age.

Le point de départ de cette thèse a pour origine les difficultés constatées dans la communauté EIAH pour concevoir des applications éducatives exploitant des informations géographiques. A terme, il s'agit de proposer une nouvelle plateforme susceptible de rendre possible et opérationnel la conception d'applications Web géographiques portées par des utilisateurs non-informaticiens de façon autonome. La proposition scientifique est basée sur un processus de conception piloté par les contenus et par les interactions. Il est opérationnalisé dans une plateforme nommée WINDMash offrant aux concepteurs un environnement visuel de spécification et d'évaluation des interactions. Nous proposons un modèle unifié sous-jacent de description des applications Web géographiques comportant trois facettes qui permettent de représenter les contenus géographiques manipulés, de les afficher sur une interface graphique et de décrire le comportement de l’application (scénario d’interaction) à l'aide d'un langage visuel dont le formalisme graphique est inspiré du diagramme de séquence UML. En utilisant des techniques d'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles, la plateforme WINDMash permet de générer automatiquement le code de l'application finale sur la base des instances de trois facettes du modèle unifié. La plateforme WINDMash utilise pour cela l’API WIND (Web INteraction Design) que nous avons programmée. Les concepteurs peuvent ainsi prototyper rapidement des applications Web géographiques correspondant à leurs besoins. / The starting point of this thesis is to deal with the difficulties encountered in the TEL community for designing educational applications exploiting geographic information. Ultimately, it is to provide a new framework allowing for the operational design of geographic Web applications for experts in the domain (and particularly for teachers). The scientific proposal is based on a design process driven by contents and interaction. It is operationalized on a framework called WINDMash offering designers a visual environment for simply specifying and immediately evaluating interactions. The unified model for describing geographic Web applications has three parts: one for representing geographic contents, one for displaying them on a graphical user interface (GUI) and one for describing the behaviour of the application using a visual language whose graphical formalism is based on the UML diagram sequence. Using Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) techniques, the WINDMash framework can automatically generate the code of the final application based on the instances of three parts of the unified model. The WINDMash framework used for this the WIND API (Web INteraction Design) that we programmed. Designers can thus rapidly prototype geographic Web applications corresponding to their needs.