The purpose of this study s to construct a questionnaire about Self-action control of Academic Performance for college students based on Kuhl and Kraska (1989) action control theory. The sampling method of this study used purposive sampling, randomly selected from the freshman or sophomore students to various departments of Sun Yat-sen University, with a total of 409 examinees. After four expert validity, experts on the appropriateness of the questionnaire with content review and suggest modifications to draw the contents of the pre-test about 78 items . Measuring method is adopted online computer systems connection randomly selected to scale the three dimensions of 10 questions given to the college students. The contents of the Scale have three dimensions, pre-analysis of the results of the RSM mode in the ConQuest software, there are 11 questions beyond the adaptation target range, and finally the good adaptation of Formal items are 67 items. The overall item difficulty is too easy. The results of the three sub-scale reliability are 0.62, 0.65 and 0.53. Based on the findings, it is recommended more difficult items can be included to the questionnaire in the future. developed.

The purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire to measure academic self-efficacy for undergraduates. The theoretical framework of the questionnaire was based on Bandura¡¦s self-efficacy theory. A total of 409 participants were selected by judgment sampling from the first- and second-grade undergraduate of six colleges in national Sun Yat-sen university (Liberal Arts, Science, Engineering, Management, Marine Sciences, and Social Sciences). The newly developed Academic Efficacy and Motivation Questionnaire (AEMQ) was modified and derived from eight related scales. Expert content validity was conducted by three experts in the field, and the data were analyzed by rating scale model (RSM) in ConQuest. The findings were as follows: 1. All the 69 items in AEMQ have good fit values (MNSQ between 0.6 and 1.4). 2. The items of the AEMQ tended to be too easy for participants. 3. The reliability of each dimension of AEMQ was poor. The highest reliability value was 0.575, and the lowest was 0.382. 4. The first dimension ¡§actual performance¡¨ and the second dimension ¡§vicarious experience¡¨ have negative correlation with the forth dimension ¡§psychological index¡¨. The result was consistent with past studies.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Com a atual competitividade e exigÃncia do mercado, as empresas buscam, cada vez mais, um elevado grau de qualidade, garantindo, assim, sua permanÃncia no mercado. Para isso procuram uma constante atualizaÃÃo de tecnologias, modelos de organizaÃÃo e gestÃo, dentre outros. A cada dia surgem novos modelos e mÃtodos de implantaÃÃo de sistemas de gestÃo, onde a qualidade à um elemento nÃo mais distintivo, mas absolutamente essencial. Neste enfoque, a logÃstica se tornou ferramenta fundamental para reduÃÃo de custos e melhoria da qualidade. Para o bom desempenho das atividades logÃsticas de uma organizaÃÃo à preciso avaliar o desempenho da mesma no mercado e uma das possibilidades de avaliaÃÃo de desempenho logÃstico à o benchmarking. O presente estudo tem como objetivo aplicar a Teoria de Resposta ao Item, em particular, o Modelo de Escala Gradual, para analisar o grau de maturidade em relaÃÃo Ãs tecnologias de gestÃo, com base no construto do Sistema de Monitoramento de Arranjos Produtivos (SIMAP), que tem como finalidade atual o benchmarking competitivo. Os dados utilizados no trabalho sÃo de natureza secundÃria, provenientes de 39 itens avaliados em 109 empresas cadastradas no SIMAP. Os resultados revelados no estudo apresentaram indicativo de que as tecnologias âMÃtodo de anÃlise de investimentoâ, âEstudos de capabilidadeâ, âProgramas participativosâ, âCusteio ABCâ, âFilosofias e Ferramentas JITâ, âTempo de setupâ, âISO 14001â e âSA8000â oferecem uma maior contribuiÃÃo para medir o grau de maturidade das empresas quanto Ãs ferramentas de gestÃo. A empresa com maior grau de maturidade, 71,99 (na escala de (Â=50, σ=10)), à uma empresa de grande porte, pertence à cadeia produtiva de alimentos e bebidas, no elo dos fabricantes de laticÃnios, cevada, Ãgua e refrigerantes, que atua no mercado regional, com produÃÃo voltada para o abastecimento da regiÃo nordeste. O menor grau de maturidade, 31,63, foi encontrado em uma empresa de pequeno porte, pertencente à cadeia produtiva da construÃÃo civil, no elo da cerÃmica vermelha como varejista, tambÃm atuando no mercado regional. / Com a atual competitividade e exigÃncia do mercado, as empresas buscam, cada vez mais, um elevado grau de qualidade, garantindo, assim, sua permanÃncia no mercado. Para isso procuram uma constante atualizaÃÃo de tecnologias, modelos de organizaÃÃo e gestÃo, dentre outros. A cada dia surgem novos modelos e mÃtodos de implantaÃÃo de sistemas de gestÃo, onde a qualidade à um elemento nÃo mais distintivo, mas absolutamente essencial. Neste enfoque, a logÃstica se tornou ferramenta fundamental para reduÃÃo de custos e melhoria da qualidade. Para o bom desempenho das atividades logÃsticas de uma organizaÃÃo à preciso avaliar o desempenho da mesma no mercado e uma das possibilidades de avaliaÃÃo de desempenho logÃstico à o benchmarking. O presente estudo tem como objetivo aplicar a Teoria de Resposta ao Item, em particular, o Modelo de Escala Gradual, para analisar o grau de maturidade em relaÃÃo Ãs tecnologias de gestÃo, com base no construto do Sistema de Monitoramento de Arranjos Produtivos (SIMAP), que tem como finalidade atual o benchmarking competitivo. Os dados utilizados no trabalho sÃo de natureza secundÃria, provenientes de 39 itens avaliados em 109 empresas cadastradas no SIMAP. Os resultados revelados no estudo apresentaram indicativo de que as tecnologias âMÃtodo de anÃlise de investimentoâ, âEstudos de capabilidadeâ, âProgramas participativosâ, âCusteio ABCâ, âFilosofias e Ferramentas JITâ, âTempo de setupâ, âISO 14001â e âSA8000â oferecem uma maior contribuiÃÃo para medir o grau de maturidade das empresas quanto Ãs ferramentas de gestÃo. A empresa com maior grau de maturidade, 71,99 (na escala de (Â=50, σ=10)), à uma empresa de grande porte, pertence à cadeia produtiva de alimentos e bebidas, no elo dos fabricantes de laticÃnios, cevada, Ãgua e refrigerantes, que atua no mercado regional, com produÃÃo voltada para o abastecimento da regiÃo nordeste. O menor grau de maturidade, 31,63, foi encontrado em uma empresa de pequeno porte, pertencente à cadeia produtiva da construÃÃo civil, no elo da cerÃmica vermelha como varejista, tambÃm atuando no mercado regional. / The current competitive and demanding market make the companies look increasingly, a high degree of quality, thus ensuring their survival. To seek this constant updating of technologies, the companies need to update their organizational management models among other systems. Each day brings new models and methods of implementation of management systems, where quality is no longer a distinctive element, but absolutely essential. In this approach, logistics has become an essential tool for reducing costs and improving quality. For the good performance of the logistics activities of an organization it is necessary to evaluate its performance in the market and the possibilities of an assessment of logistics performance is benchmarking. The present study aims to apply the Item Response Theory, in particular, the Rating Scale Model, to analyze the degree of maturity in relation to management technologies, based on the construct of the Monitoring System Productive Arrangements (SIMAP), which aims to present the competitive benchmarking. The data used in this work are of secondary nature, from 39 items valued at 109 companies registered in SIMAP. The results revealed in the study had indicated that the technology âMethod of investment analysisâ, âCapability studiesâ, âParticipatory programsâ, âCosting ABCâ, âPhilosophies and Tools JITâ, âTime setupâ, âISO 14001â and âSA8000â provide a major contribution to measure the degree of maturity of the companies regarding to the management tools. The company with the highest degree of maturity, 71.99 (in the range of (μ = 50, σ = 10)), is a midsize company, which belongs to the productive chain of food and beverage manufacturers in the link of the dairy / barley / water and soft drinks, which operates in regional market, with production geared to supply the Northeast. The smaller degree of maturity, 31.63, was found in a small business, belonging to the productive chain of construction, linked to the red ceramic as a retailer, also serving the regional market. / The current competitive and demanding market make the companies look increasingly, a high degree of quality, thus ensuring their survival. To seek this constant updating of technologies, the companies need to update their organizational management models among other systems. Each day brings new models and methods of implementation of management systems, where quality is no longer a distinctive element, but absolutely essential. In this approach, logistics has become an essential tool for reducing costs and improving quality. For the good performance of the logistics activities of an organization it is necessary to evaluate its performance in the market and the possibilities of an assessment of logistics performance is benchmarking. The present study aims to apply the Item Response Theory, in particular, the Rating Scale Model, to analyze the degree of maturity in relation to management technologies, based on the construct of the Monitoring System Productive Arrangements (SIMAP), which aims to present the competitive benchmarking. The data used in this work are of secondary nature, from 39 items valued at 109 companies registered in SIMAP. The results revealed in the study had indicated that the technology âMethod of investment analysisâ, âCapability studiesâ, âParticipatory programsâ, âCosting ABCâ, âPhilosophies and Tools JITâ, âTime setupâ, âISO 14001â and âSA8000â provide a major contribution to measure the degree of maturity of the companies regarding to the management tools. The company with the highest degree of maturity, 71.99 (in the range of (μ = 50, σ = 10)), is a midsize company, which belongs to the productive chain of food and beverage manufacturers in the link of the dairy / barley / water and soft drinks, which operates in regional market, with production geared to supply the Northeast. The smaller degree of maturity, 31.63, was found in a small business, belonging to the productive chain of construction, linked to the red ceramic as a retailer, also serving the regional market.

A new ESSA indicator of school quality and student success provides flexibility to broaden a states’ definition of school and student success. Educational research has found school success is in part determined by a school’s climate and should be considered in improvement/reform strategies (Cohen et al., 2009; Thapa et al., 2013). Yet, school climate research is often difficult and time consuming, and employs a variety of conflicting definitions and dimensions, instruments, and empirical approaches to determining school climate. Given these significant limitations with current measures, the purpose of this study was to validate an instrument measuring school climate based on the four most commonly accepted dimensions of school climate, using items adapted from a well-regarded and established theoretical framework to provide an effective measure for educators and researchers. The sample selected for this study was a portion of teachers who indicated teaching 3rd or 8th grade as their primary teaching assignment (n=500) from the larger study sample (n=4974). A Rasch Rating Scale Model was used to evaluate unidimensionality, item fit and difficulty, reliability, and potential differential item functioning on a 23-item school climate survey. Results of the study showed the instrument was not unidimensional and was split into two subdimensions: student-centered and teacher/school support. All items were retained and displayed appropriate fit. Significant differential item functioning (DIF) was found between 3rd and 8th grade teachers on both subdimensions, further suggesting multidimensionality in the scale. Study findings suggest researchers should be mindful of any school climate instrument not validated at the item level for unidimensionality, and that an instrument may perform differently for teachers at different grade levels.

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The purpose of this study was to construct a holistic education school evaluation tool using Montessori Erdkinder principles, and begin the validation process of examining the proposed tool. This study addresses a vital need in the holistic education community for a school evaluation tool. The tool construction process included using Erdkinder literature to justify the development of each item through the use of an item matrix, ultimately leading to the development of the 23 item formative Montessori Erdkinder School Evaluation Survey. The validation process included a series of three Rasch Rating Scale Model analyses with data from a sample school. The validation process used item anchoring estimates from the earlier analyses in the later analyses and included determining the tool’s dimensionality, reliability, item fit, possible differential item functioning, and comparing the order of item difficulty levels to the holistic model of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Results of the study showed that six items had issues with fit and would need to be revised, and that the items in the cognitive and moral facet will need to be revised to better match Maslow’s model. This study provides the foundation for the development of a holistic education evaluation or accreditation system, and constructed a resource that could be directly implemented in schools.

The aim of the monograph is to contribute towards bridging the gap between methodological developments that have evolved in the social sciences, in particular in psychometric research, and methods of statistical modelling in a more general framework. The first part surveys certain special psychometric models (often referred to as Rasch family of models) that share common properties: separation of parameters describing qualities of the subject under investigation and parameters related to properties of the situation under which the response of a subject is observed. Using conditional maximum likelihood estimation, both types of parameters may be estimated independently from each other. In particular, the Rasch model, the rating scale model, the partial credit model, hybrid types, and linear extensions thereof are treated. The second part reviews basic ideas of generalized linear models (GLMs) as an an excellent framework for unifying different approaches and providing a natural, technical background for model formulation, estimation and testing. This is followed by a short introduction to the software package GLIM chosen to illustrate the formulation of psychometric models in the GLM framework. The third part is the main part of this monograph and shows the application of generalized linear models to psychometric approaches. It gives a unified treatment of Rasch family models in the context of log-linear models and contains some new material on log-linear longitudinal modelling. The last part of the monograph is devoted to show the usefulness of the latent variable approach in a variety of applications, such as panel, cross-over, and therapy evaluation studies, where standard statistical analysis does not necessarily lead to satisfactory results. (author´s abstract) / Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics