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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Regulatory roles of sRNAs in pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae

Sabharwal, Dharmesh January 2015 (has links)
The Gram-negative pathogen Vibrio cholerae uses variety of regulatory molecules to modulate expression of virulence factors. One important regulatory element of microorganisms is small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs), which control various cell functions such as expression of cell membrane proteins, mRNA decay and riboswitches. In this thesis studies, we demonstrated the roles of the sRNAs VrrA in regulation of outer membrane protein expression, biofilm formation and expression of ribosome binding proteins. In addition, we showed that VrrB, a newly discovered sRNA, played a role in amino acid dependent starvation survival of V. cholerae and might functioned as a riboswitch. VrrA, a 140-nt sRNAs in V. cholerae, was controlled by the alternative sigma factor σE. The outer membrane protein, OmpT is known to be regulated by environmental signals such as pH and temperature via the ToxR regulon and carbon source signals via the cAMP–CRP complex. Our studies provide new insight into the regulation of OmpT by signals received via the σE regulon through VrrA. We demonstrated that VrrA down-regulate ompT translation by base-pairing with the 5′ region of the ompT mRNA in a Hfq (RNA chaperone protein) dependent manner. V. cholerae biofilms contain three matrix proteins—RbmA, RbmC and Bap1—and exopolysaccharide. While much is known about exopolysaccharide regulation, little is known about the mechanisms by which the matrix protein components of biofilms are regulated. In our studies, we demonstrated that VrrA negatively regulated rbmC translation by pairing to the 5' untranslated region of the rbmC transcript and that this regulation was not stringently dependent on Hfq. In V. cholerae, VC0706 (Vrp) and VC2530 proteins are homologous to ribosome-associated inhibitor A (RaiA) and hibernation promoting factor (HPF) of Escherichia coli, respectively. HPF facilitates stationary phase survival through ribosome hibernation. We showed that VrrA repressed Vrp protein expression by base-pairing to the 5´ region of vrp mRNA and that this regulation required Hfq. We also showed that Vrp was highly expressed during stationary phase growth and associated with the ribosomes of V. cholerae. We further demonstrated that Vrp and VC2530 were important for V. cholerae starvation survival under nutrient-deficient conditions. While VC2530 was down-regulated in bacterial cells lacking vrrA, mutation of vrp resulted in increased expression of VC2530. Riboswitches are an important class of regulators in bacteria, which are most often located in the 5' untranslated region (5´ UTR) of bacterial mRNA. In this study, we discovered the novel non-coding sRNA, VrrB located at the 5´ UTR of a downstream gene encoding Vibrio auxotropic factor A (VafA) for phenylalanine. In V. cholerae, reduced production of VafA was observed in the presence of phenylalanine and phenylpyruvate in the culture media. Some analogs of phenylalanine and phenylpyruvate could also modulate the expression of VafA. Furthermore, bacterial cells lacking the vrrB gene exhibited high production of VafA, suggesting that VrrB might function as a riboswitch that controls VafA expression.
2

Análise do posicionamento GNSS cinemático em ambiente urbano com uso da técnica RTK via Ntrip. / Analysis of the kinematic GNSS positioning in urban environment with the use of the RTK technique via Ntrip.

Galhardo, Pablo Henrique Souza 08 June 2018 (has links)
O constante avanço do Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) possibilita aos seus usuários ao redor do mundo a utilização de seus produtos para os mais diversos fins. Dentre eles, a navegação veicular autônoma se caracteriza como um dos principais focos de investimentos e pesquisas em universidades e instituições privadas. Concomitantemente, a modernização dos receptores GNSS acompanha esta evolução, oferecendo equipamentos de dimensões menores e mais versáteis que antes, com a capacidade de rastreio de novas constelações e operações de precisão em tempo real. O uso de redes de celulares e conexões de internet sem fio vêm apoiando este desenvolvimento, permitindo aos profissionais da área de geomática realizar levantamentos utilizando a técnica conhecida como Real Time Kinematic (RTK). Esta pesquisa tem por finalidade avaliar a qualidade de dados coletados por meio desta técnica RTK, apoiada no uso do Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (Ntrip) para obtenção das correções diferenciais necessárias à operação, em ambiente urbano, e utilizando a Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo dos Sistemas GNSS em tempo real (RBMC-IP). Para isto, foram feitas coletas de dados com um receptor de dupla frequência acoplado a um veículo, o qual percorreu o mesmo trajeto por vinte e nove dias. O local de realização dos testes foi o Corredor Norte-Sul da cidade de São Paulo, com extensão aproximada de 22.700 m. A metodologia de análise dos dados foi dividida em três casos: O primeiro considerou todo o trajeto. O segundo, apenas um trecho sem interferências (como árvores de grande porte, túneis, viadutos e prédios), plano e sem curvas. Por fim, o terceiro investigou como seria o comportamento do receptor após uma situação de bloqueio total do sinal de satélites, ao passar por baixo de um viaduto. Avaliou-se as precisões horizontais e verticais dos pontos registrados, a quantidade de satélites rastreados, os valores de Positional Dilution of Precision (PDOP), as soluções para o vetor das ambiguidades durante o percurso e a qualidade da conexão móvel. Os resultados mostraram que o uso da técnica RTK via Ntrip por meio de serviço RBMC-IP constitui-se uma ferramenta confiável para o posicionamento preciso em tempo real. Entretanto, em ambientes urbanos, e somado ao modo cinemático de coleta, tais valores tornam-se mais suscetíveis à degradação da precisão. / The continuous progress of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) enables its large user community around the world to use its products for a wide range of purposes. Amongst them, autonomous vehicular navigation is featured as one of the main focuses of investments and research in universities and private institutions. At the same time, the modernization of GNSS receivers follows this evolution, offering smaller and more versatile equipment than before, which are able to trace new constellations and high-precision operations in real time. The use of mobile networks and wireless Internet connections have supported this development, allowing geomatics professionals to carry out surveys using the technique known as Real Time Kinematic (RTK). This research aims at assessing the quality of the data gathered by this RTK technique, based on the use of the Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (Ntrip) to obtain differential corrections necessary to the operation in an urban environment, and the use of Brazilian Network of Continuous Monitoring of GNSS Systems in real time (RBMC-IP). In order to do so, we gathered data with the receiver installed in a vehicle which travelled the same route for twenty-nine days. The test site was the North-South Corridor in São Paulo, which is approximately 22,700 m long. The methodology of data analysis was divided into three cases: The first one took the whole route into account. The second one, only one travel leg without interference (such as tall trees, tunnels, viaducts and skyscrapers), flat and curveless. Lastly, the third one investigated how the receiver would behave after a situation of total blockade of satellites, such as under a viaduct. We evaluated the horizontal and vertical accuracies of the recorded points, the number of satellites traced, the Positional Dilution of Precision (PDOP) values, the solutions to the vector of ambiguities during the course and the quality of the mobile connection. The results showed that the use of the RTK technique via Ntrip via the RBMC-IP service is a reliable tool for precise positioning in real time. However, in urban environments in addition to the kinematic mode of collection, such values become more susceptible to the degradation of precision.
3

Análise do posicionamento GNSS cinemático em ambiente urbano com uso da técnica RTK via Ntrip. / Analysis of the kinematic GNSS positioning in urban environment with the use of the RTK technique via Ntrip.

Pablo Henrique Souza Galhardo 08 June 2018 (has links)
O constante avanço do Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) possibilita aos seus usuários ao redor do mundo a utilização de seus produtos para os mais diversos fins. Dentre eles, a navegação veicular autônoma se caracteriza como um dos principais focos de investimentos e pesquisas em universidades e instituições privadas. Concomitantemente, a modernização dos receptores GNSS acompanha esta evolução, oferecendo equipamentos de dimensões menores e mais versáteis que antes, com a capacidade de rastreio de novas constelações e operações de precisão em tempo real. O uso de redes de celulares e conexões de internet sem fio vêm apoiando este desenvolvimento, permitindo aos profissionais da área de geomática realizar levantamentos utilizando a técnica conhecida como Real Time Kinematic (RTK). Esta pesquisa tem por finalidade avaliar a qualidade de dados coletados por meio desta técnica RTK, apoiada no uso do Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (Ntrip) para obtenção das correções diferenciais necessárias à operação, em ambiente urbano, e utilizando a Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo dos Sistemas GNSS em tempo real (RBMC-IP). Para isto, foram feitas coletas de dados com um receptor de dupla frequência acoplado a um veículo, o qual percorreu o mesmo trajeto por vinte e nove dias. O local de realização dos testes foi o Corredor Norte-Sul da cidade de São Paulo, com extensão aproximada de 22.700 m. A metodologia de análise dos dados foi dividida em três casos: O primeiro considerou todo o trajeto. O segundo, apenas um trecho sem interferências (como árvores de grande porte, túneis, viadutos e prédios), plano e sem curvas. Por fim, o terceiro investigou como seria o comportamento do receptor após uma situação de bloqueio total do sinal de satélites, ao passar por baixo de um viaduto. Avaliou-se as precisões horizontais e verticais dos pontos registrados, a quantidade de satélites rastreados, os valores de Positional Dilution of Precision (PDOP), as soluções para o vetor das ambiguidades durante o percurso e a qualidade da conexão móvel. Os resultados mostraram que o uso da técnica RTK via Ntrip por meio de serviço RBMC-IP constitui-se uma ferramenta confiável para o posicionamento preciso em tempo real. Entretanto, em ambientes urbanos, e somado ao modo cinemático de coleta, tais valores tornam-se mais suscetíveis à degradação da precisão. / The continuous progress of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) enables its large user community around the world to use its products for a wide range of purposes. Amongst them, autonomous vehicular navigation is featured as one of the main focuses of investments and research in universities and private institutions. At the same time, the modernization of GNSS receivers follows this evolution, offering smaller and more versatile equipment than before, which are able to trace new constellations and high-precision operations in real time. The use of mobile networks and wireless Internet connections have supported this development, allowing geomatics professionals to carry out surveys using the technique known as Real Time Kinematic (RTK). This research aims at assessing the quality of the data gathered by this RTK technique, based on the use of the Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (Ntrip) to obtain differential corrections necessary to the operation in an urban environment, and the use of Brazilian Network of Continuous Monitoring of GNSS Systems in real time (RBMC-IP). In order to do so, we gathered data with the receiver installed in a vehicle which travelled the same route for twenty-nine days. The test site was the North-South Corridor in São Paulo, which is approximately 22,700 m long. The methodology of data analysis was divided into three cases: The first one took the whole route into account. The second one, only one travel leg without interference (such as tall trees, tunnels, viaducts and skyscrapers), flat and curveless. Lastly, the third one investigated how the receiver would behave after a situation of total blockade of satellites, such as under a viaduct. We evaluated the horizontal and vertical accuracies of the recorded points, the number of satellites traced, the Positional Dilution of Precision (PDOP) values, the solutions to the vector of ambiguities during the course and the quality of the mobile connection. The results showed that the use of the RTK technique via Ntrip via the RBMC-IP service is a reliable tool for precise positioning in real time. However, in urban environments in addition to the kinematic mode of collection, such values become more susceptible to the degradation of precision.
4

PRECISÃO DO POSICIONAMENTO RTK USANDO CORREÇÕES DIFERENCIAIS TRANSMITIDAS PELO SISTEMA NTRIP (RBMC-IP) / ACCURACY OF RTK POSITIONING USING DIFFERENTIAL CORRECTIONS TRANSMITTED BY THE SYSTEM NTRIP (RBMC-IP)

Moreira, Antão Leonir Langendolff 18 March 2011 (has links)
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), in the last few years, has been supporting the development of mobile telephony and the expansion of electronic equipments (GNSS receivers) to promote a revolution in geodetic surveys in real time. In this context, it becomes important the technique of positioning Real Time Kinematic (RTK) with the use of differential corrections transmitted by the protocol named Networked Transport of RTCM via the Internet Protocol (NTRIP), from a reference station via Internet. It is aimed, in this research, the evaluation of the precision of this technique for different lengths of baseline, and also the use of different numbers of trace periods. Then, three-dimensional coordinates of 10 stations (DEM) were used, they were also located in three municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul, which were traced by the static post-processed (static PP) method, which helped as being a reference in comparison with technique RTK / NTRIP, that used the correlations of the Brazilian Network for Continuous Monitoring of the GNSS Systems in real time - (RBMC-IP). The results showed that there was resolution of the ambiguities in nine seasons at baseline greater than 54 km, and that the precision values showed no difference greater than 0.041 m in the horizontal component and 0.083 m in the vertical component. In addition, between the numbers of the tested periods (5,10,30, 60 and 120 periods) for the method RTK / NTRIP, the tested period that had the best average precision of the horizontal component was the 120 one (0.01 m), and for the vertical component was considered the five periods number as the most appropriated (0.02 m). Hence, it was proved the reliability of the technique RTK / NTRIP (RBMC-IP) in baselines of until 54 km, showing that it can be used for topographical surveys in areas with wireless Internet or cellular services such as GPRS, GSM and 3G. / O Sistema Global de Navegação por Satélite (GNSS) nos últimos anos vem se apoiando no desenvolvimento da telefonia móvel e no avanço da eletrônica dos equipamentos (receptores GNSS) para promover uma revolução nos levantamentos geodésicos em tempo real. Neste contexto, se destaca a técnica de posicionamento Real Time Kinematic (RTK) usando correções diferenciais transmitidas pelo protocolo Networked Transport of RTCM via internet Protocol (NTRIP), a partir de uma estação de referência via internet. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a precisão desta técnica para diferentes comprimentos de linha de base e com o uso de diferentes números de épocas de rastreio. Para isso, foram utilizadas as coordenadas tridimensionais de 10 estações (marcos), localizadas em três municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, rastreadas pelo método relativo estático pós-processado (estático PP), o qual serviu de referência na comparação com a técnica RTK / NTRIP, que utilizou de correções da Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento contínuo dos Sistemas GNSS em tempo real (RBMC-IP). Os resultados mostraram que houve resolução das ambiguidades em nove estações numa linha de base superior a 54 km e que os valores de acurácia não apresentaram diferença superior a 0,041 m na componente horizontal e 0,083 m na componente vertical. Além disso, entre os números de épocas testados (5, 10, 30, 60 e 120 épocas) para o método RTK / NTRIP, aquele que apresentou a melhor média de acurácia horizontal foi o de 120 épocas (0,01 m) e para a componente vertical o melhor resultado foi alcançado com o número de 5 épocas rastreadas (0,02 m). Deste modo, foi comprovada a confiabilidade da técnica RTK / NTRIP (RBMC-IP) em linhas de base de até 54 km, podendo ser utilizada para levantamentos topográficos em locais providos por Internet wireless ou serviços de telefonia celular tais como, GPRS, GSM e 3G.

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