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The present dissertation applied the theoretical assumptions of Psychological Reactance Theory into a model depicting how individuals cognitively process reactanceinducing print messages utilizing a communication framework, the Reactance Processing Model (RPM). Specifically, the RPM conceptualizes reactance as a motivational state, investigates the degree of reactance arousal elicited by threat-tochoice, vivid, and explicit language (along with an additive effect of the aforementioned message features), empirically measures reactance restoration, and explores the role of issue involvement on message processing of reactance-inducing print messages advocating exercise and sunscreen usage by college students (N = 550). The RPM was tested using an experimental 2 (implicit vs. explicit) X 2 (non-vivid vs. vivid) X 2 (lowthreat- to-choice language vs. high-threat-to-choice language) posttest only design. Four general conclusions are drawn from this investigation. First, results support operationalizing reactance as a latent construct comprised of unfavorable cognitions and state anger. Second, of the three message features examined, high threat-to-choice and vivid language, along with a combination of both were found to elicit reactance. Explicit language did not trigger reactance in this study. Third, perceived high threat-tochoice language was positively associated with reactance whereas perceived vivid and explicit language was either negatively or not associated with reactance. Fourth, reactance was positively related to three types of restoration including ??Boomerang,?? ??Related Boomerang,?? and ??Vicarious Boomerang.?? Specifically, ??Boomerang?? restoration appears to be triggered regardless of threat attractiveness whereas ??Related Boomerang?? and ??Vicarious Boomerang?? require an attractive threat before being set into motion. Results from this investigation along with the limitations and heuristic value of the RPM are provided.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 141 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Thomas Gregoire, College of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-122).

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The free fatty acids of milk fat are believed to be involved in imparting flavor properties to milk and other dairy products. In the past the free fatty acids have largely been related to quality deterioration and hence the methods for measurement have been devised to determine the changes in the free fatty acid content and to relate these data with quality. No method has been reported to determine the quantities of individual free fatty acids. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate procedures and adapt methods for isolation and measurement of the free fatty acids of milk fat and then to evaluate adapted methods by quantitative measurement of the individual acids in fresh cream fat samples and in butter made therefrom. The ion exchange method of Hornstein et al. (50) was modified to isolate and esterify the free fatty acids from milk fat. The free fatty acids were adsorbed on Amberlite IRA-400 resin, the resin was made fat free and the bound acids were simultaneously esterified and eluted with anhydrous methanol-HCl. The methyl esters were extracted from the reaction mixture with ethyl chloride (b.p. 12.3°C.). The ethyl chloride was evaporated and the esters weighed. The methyl esters were then separated by gas-liquid chromatography using the thermal conductivity detector. The recovery of each saturated even numbered fatty acid from 4:0 to 18:0 was checked. The percent recoveries obtained were: 4:0, 71.4; 6:0, 86.5; 8:0, 66.6; 10:0, 75.1; 12:0, 94.3; 14:0, 100.2; 16:0, 99.5 and 18:0, 92.5. The ion exchange resin was checked for its fat hydrolysing capacity, for retention of fatty acids when used in successive analyses and for leachings of brown polymers during each analysis. The resin did not show detectable hydrolysis of triglycerides nor did it retain or exchange fatty acids from previous use. It was necessary to pretreat the resin with stearic acid and anhydrous methanol-HCl to avoid interference of a leached polymer with quantitative results. An average of 5.0 mg of residue leached from the resin during every analysis, but this did not interfere with the quantitative determination of free fatty acids. Twenty samples of milk fat; ten from pasteurized sweet cream, nine from cultured butter and one from sweet cream butter were analyzed for free fatty acids. The results obtained were compared with the esterified fatty acid content of milk fat. The percent composition of free fatty acids was similar to that of the esterified fatty acids in milk fat. Also the manufacturing process of butter had little or no effect upon the free fatty acid composition of the fat. The values obtained for volatile fatty acids, especially 4:0, were not consistent. One reason for this probably was that evaporation of the ethyl chloride from the solution of the methyl esters was carried out at room temperature and the evaporation rate was not controlled. It is believed that the results would be more consistent if the evaporation of ethyl chloride were carried out under controlled and standardized conditions and if internal standards are employed for quantitative references rather than weighing the ester mixture. Samples of autoxidized milk fat, sweet cream fat and rancid cream fat were analyzed for further evaluation of the method. / Graduation date: 1963

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 154 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-154). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Transmission line reactance is an important parameter in carrying out stability studies. The model proposed here utilizes available real time synchrophasor data and information about the generation in the ERCOT grid to determine the Thevenin equivalent reactance of a line. Synchrophasors provide the advantage of synchronized measurements of phase angles which are essential in determining the transmission line reactance. This thesis provides the results of applying this model to estimate the Thevenin equivalent line reactance between McDonald Observatory in West Texas and The University of Texas at Austin. / text

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

A growing number of states and cities in the United States have enacted smoke-free policies in public areas and, to improve the health outcomes of employees and patrons, have extended the policies to indoor tourism and hospitality venues including casinos, bars, and restaurants. However, the introduction of smoke-free policies in casinos has lowered gaming revenues by up to 20% in some jurisdictions (Eadington, 2011; Pakko, 2005; Thalheimer & Ali, 2008). Smoke-free policies have the potential to reduce the participation rate of gamblers either because smoking gamblers choose not to gamble if they cannot smoke, or because they choose to migrate to an alternative gambling opportunity which allows smoking. Since the goal of implementing smoke-free policies is to improve the health outcomes of employees and customers, some states' or locales' exemption from the bans may be temporary (Goodman, Agnew, McCaffrey, Paul, & Clancy, 2007). As a result of these changing external influences, it may be necessary to develop effective marketing strategies for continued growth in the casino industry. This study aimed to enhance insight into this phenomenon that results from external market influences by focusing on gamblers' behavioral changes with respect to their decisions to visit casinos when smoking bans are implemented. This dissertation proposed and tested a gambling-specific behavior model to examine the antecedents of individual changes in gambling patronage. The model was tested by using Path Analysis on data that were collected through an online survey of gamblers who visited gaming facilities in Deadwood, South Dakota. The results indicated that both the psychological reactance trait and the attitude importance of the freedom to smoke influence gambling behavioral changes after a smoking ban went into effect. Individual attitudes towards secondhand smoking also explained changes in casino patronage. No moderator effect was found in the path analysis. Supplementary analyses for other hospitality sectors were also conducted and the results also showed psychological reactance trait, the attitude importance of the freedom to smoke, and the attitude towards secondhand smoking explain changes in restaurant and bar patronage, and video lottery terminal participation. Discussion on the results of hypotheses testing and implications are presented followed by future research directions. / Tourism and Sport