Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-77). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 25-26). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Issued also as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 1980. / Thesis Advisor(s): Neil, Douglas. Second Reader: Moroney, William. "March 1980." Description based on title screen as viewed on May 25, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): Data Displays, Man Machine Systems, Cockpits, Performance (Human), Reaction Time, Pilots, Analysis Of Variance, Theses, Coding, Colors, Errors, Symbols, Cathode Ray Tube Screens, Color Vision, Alphanumeric Displays DTIC Identifier(s): Color Coding. Author(s) subject terms: Coding Techniques, Symbols,Colors, Reaction Time, Performance, Errors, Alphanumerics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 25-26).

This thesis deals with the theoretical part of the explanation of basic terminology, defines alkohol, partitioning and describes the reaction time. The practical part is devoted to a comparison group of homogeneous reaction time after drinking alcoholic beverages descriptive method. Based on these data, the comparison can evaluace how much influence alkohol has on the human reaction in practice.

INTRODUÇÃO: A desidratação induzida pela combinação da restrição de líquidos junto com exercícios físicos no calor provoca queda no desempenho físico e cognitivo de atletas, principalmente, quando a desidratação atinge níveis iguais ou superiores a 2% da massa corporal. Esse processo prejudica a dissipação do calor para o meio ambiente, interferindo na termorregulação. O desempenho de jogadores de futebol é menor no segundo tempo de jogo quando comparado ao primeiro tempo, e isto pode ser devido a alterações metabólicas decorrentes da desidratação pelo exercício no calor. OBJETIVO: investigar o efeito da desidratação no tempo de reação (TR) de atletas submetidos a exercício intermitente. MÉTODOS: Dez jovens atletas de futebol (17±0,8 anos de idade) foram solicitados a realizar testes de TR durante exercício intermitente dentro de uma câmara ambiental com temperatura de 34ºC e URA de 50%. O protocolo incluiu sessões de exercícios na esteira ergométrica, simulando intensidades que ocorrem durante partidas de futebol, como caminhadas e corridas em diferentes velocidades, durante duas etapas de 45 minutos, com intervalo de 15 minutos. Durante o período de caminhada, foram realizados testes de TR. Em uma destas sessões os indivíduos foram reidratados com água e, na outra, os mesmos mantiveram-se desidratados. A ordem das sessões foi randomizada. O TR, a freqüência cardíaca e a taxa de percepção ao esforço foram avaliados periodicamente. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa no TR entre as sessões. Não houve diferença significativa no número de erros e na taxa de percepção ao esforço nos testes realizados. Foi encontrada diferença significativa entre as sessões com o aumento na freqüência cardíaca (maior na desidratada) dos indivíduos (p=0,005). CONCLUSÃO: Os jogadores de futebol não reduzem o TR quando desidratados por um exercício que simula uma partida de futebol. / INTRODUCTION: Exercise-induced dehydration combined with fluid restriction and warm environment may impair both physical and cognitive performance mainly when levels of dehydration are higher than 2% of body weight. This process affects heat dissipation to the surroundings, leading to an ineffective thermoregulation. Football players` performance is decreased at the second half of the match when compared to the first half. Such response may be due to a decrease on players` cognitive performance caused by exercise-induced dehydration. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of dehydration on reaction time of football players submitted to intermittent exercise bouts. METHODS: Ten young football players (17±0.8 years old) performed tasks of reaction time during an intermittent exercise bout inside an environmental chamber with a temperature of 34°C and relative humidity of 50%. The protocol included bouts of exercise on a treadmill, simulating the intensities that occur throughout football match including walking and running in different speeds during two halves of 45 min, with a break of 15 min in between. Tasks of reaction time were performed during the walking moment. In one of these bouts, the players were rehydrated with plain water, whereas in the other bout the athletes remained dehydrated, bouts were randomized. Heart rate, auricular temperature, and rate of perceived exertion were continuously monitored. RESULTS: There was no difference in reaction time between bouts. There was no difference regarding the number of errors in the tasks performed, neither regarding the rate of perceived exertion. Heart rate were different between bouts, higher in dehydration trial, p=0.05. CONCLUSION: Football players showed no changes in reaction time even when dehydrated through an exercise bout simulating a football match.

INTRODUÇÃO: A desidratação induzida pela combinação da restrição de líquidos junto com exercícios físicos no calor provoca queda no desempenho físico e cognitivo de atletas, principalmente, quando a desidratação atinge níveis iguais ou superiores a 2% da massa corporal. Esse processo prejudica a dissipação do calor para o meio ambiente, interferindo na termorregulação. O desempenho de jogadores de futebol é menor no segundo tempo de jogo quando comparado ao primeiro tempo, e isto pode ser devido a alterações metabólicas decorrentes da desidratação pelo exercício no calor. OBJETIVO: investigar o efeito da desidratação no tempo de reação (TR) de atletas submetidos a exercício intermitente. MÉTODOS: Dez jovens atletas de futebol (17±0,8 anos de idade) foram solicitados a realizar testes de TR durante exercício intermitente dentro de uma câmara ambiental com temperatura de 34ºC e URA de 50%. O protocolo incluiu sessões de exercícios na esteira ergométrica, simulando intensidades que ocorrem durante partidas de futebol, como caminhadas e corridas em diferentes velocidades, durante duas etapas de 45 minutos, com intervalo de 15 minutos. Durante o período de caminhada, foram realizados testes de TR. Em uma destas sessões os indivíduos foram reidratados com água e, na outra, os mesmos mantiveram-se desidratados. A ordem das sessões foi randomizada. O TR, a freqüência cardíaca e a taxa de percepção ao esforço foram avaliados periodicamente. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa no TR entre as sessões. Não houve diferença significativa no número de erros e na taxa de percepção ao esforço nos testes realizados. Foi encontrada diferença significativa entre as sessões com o aumento na freqüência cardíaca (maior na desidratada) dos indivíduos (p=0,005). CONCLUSÃO: Os jogadores de futebol não reduzem o TR quando desidratados por um exercício que simula uma partida de futebol. / INTRODUCTION: Exercise-induced dehydration combined with fluid restriction and warm environment may impair both physical and cognitive performance mainly when levels of dehydration are higher than 2% of body weight. This process affects heat dissipation to the surroundings, leading to an ineffective thermoregulation. Football players` performance is decreased at the second half of the match when compared to the first half. Such response may be due to a decrease on players` cognitive performance caused by exercise-induced dehydration. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of dehydration on reaction time of football players submitted to intermittent exercise bouts. METHODS: Ten young football players (17±0.8 years old) performed tasks of reaction time during an intermittent exercise bout inside an environmental chamber with a temperature of 34°C and relative humidity of 50%. The protocol included bouts of exercise on a treadmill, simulating the intensities that occur throughout football match including walking and running in different speeds during two halves of 45 min, with a break of 15 min in between. Tasks of reaction time were performed during the walking moment. In one of these bouts, the players were rehydrated with plain water, whereas in the other bout the athletes remained dehydrated, bouts were randomized. Heart rate, auricular temperature, and rate of perceived exertion were continuously monitored. RESULTS: There was no difference in reaction time between bouts. There was no difference regarding the number of errors in the tasks performed, neither regarding the rate of perceived exertion. Heart rate were different between bouts, higher in dehydration trial, p=0.05. CONCLUSION: Football players showed no changes in reaction time even when dehydrated through an exercise bout simulating a football match.

Master of Science / Department of Psychological Sciences / Richard J. Harris / The revised hierarchical model assumes a strong lexical link from L2 to L1 and a strong conceptual link from L1 to L2, with both links being contingent on L2 fluency. The bilingual memory literature has discussed the role of L2 fluency in bilingual lexical and semantic retrieval; however, little is known on how priming for a target language (L1 or L2) may affect lexical and semantic access or how it is affected by L2 proficiency. The present study utilized the revised hierarchical model to examine how language priming and intermediate levels of L2 fluency affects bilingual lexical and semantic retrieval in a yes/no image/word task. 181 participants read four paragraphs of discourse to prime for a specific target language (English or Spanish) and performed a modified picture-word interference task (MPWI), in which they had to determine if image/word pairs were congruent (matched) or incongruent (did not match). The main dependent variables were accuracy and RT on the MPWI task. Additional DVs were accuracy and RT on comprehension questions over the content of the priming discourse and question type (explicit, factual, and pragmatic). Across intermediate levels of L2 fluency, those more fluent performed faster and were more accurate on the MPWI task than those less fluent. No differences were observed when the image/word pairs were congruent for English or Spanish, yet there was a language difference when incongruent for Spanish. Readers had highest percent correct for explicit questions and lowest for pragmatic questions, took longer on factual than pragmatic question, and took longer to respond when priming discourse and questions were in Spanish than when in English. The results are interpreted and discussed in terms of the revised hierarchical model, in that fluency, at least at the intermediate level, affects processing time more than accuracy. Limitations of the study, future directions, and implications for L2 educators are also discussed.