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This study of the process of readjustment for secondary students returning home after twelve months abroad was investigated from a family perspective. Although researchers suggest that interactions between the student and others in the home environment facilitate smooth readjustment, little is known about how the family relates during this transition period. In this study, the interactional dynamics within the family during the student's readjustment were explored. Theoretical concepts from systems theory and family developmental theory were used to further understanding of the interactional processes within the family system. A multiple single-case study research design was employed, where eight families were interviewed at three points in time: one month before the student's return; one month after the student's return: and at four to five months after return. All family members were interviewed at each stage, using a semi-structured interview guide designed to gather data about family relationships during this period. Changes in family dynamics between siblings, the returnee student, and parents, were a significant finding of this study, although these changes varied across families. A family perspective of the readjustment process was collated from descriptive accounts from family members, where four phases of the family experience could generally be described: excitement, uncertainty, rediscovery and reorganisation of the family system. It was concluded that the study showed evidence that the readjustment process was influenced by the interactions and interrelationships within the family, where not only the student had changed but also the family.

Urban land readjustment implementation by the private sector is a kind of land-developing method in order to execute the land policies and to implement the urban planning. After the Government established this system in 1979, landowners may apply for permits to the Government as per the regulations. However, it has incurred many problems for the past years after the implementation. It has resulted in differences between laws and practices. Besides, disputes among landowners were aroused endlessly. The uncertainty for the Government to acquire land for public facility use makes the function of urban land readjustment implementation by the private sector unable to be developed effectively. The purpose of this research is to help the Government timely reviews the defects of this system in order to ensure the landowners¡¦ legal rights of acquisition of properties by impartial, reasonable and legal ways to solve the disputes resulting from the transaction of urban land readjustment implementation by the private sector on the basis of equal rights. This dissertation mainly applies the review of literature and refers to the related literature analyses. Firstly, it is to clarify the fundamental legal principles of the execution processes of urban land readjustment implementation by the public authority and by the private sector. It is also to clarify the sources of law for the urban land readjustment implementation by the private sector in Taiwan. In addition, the differences between the execution results of urban land readjustment implementation by the public authority and by the private sector during the same period shall be compared and verified by cases. Furthermore, the related legal problems are clarified by evaluating the execution processes of urban land readjustment implementation by the private sector. The practical examples of juridical judgments are also taken to verify the disputed legal claims, which were often found in the practical cases when executing the urban land readjustment implementation by the private sector. By the application of legal methods, it is anticipated to make up the ways of claims in order to fairly protect the landowners¡¦ rights when executing the urban land readjustment implementation by the private sector. This research finds out problems and provides several suggestions to the policy-making authorities for reference: In the aspect of legislation: 1. The ¡¥Regulations for Encouraging Land Owners to Implement Urban Land Readjustment¡¦ shall be upgraded to the legislative level. Alternatively, it may combine with the ¡¥Regulations for the Urban Land Readjustment¡¦ into the complete ¡¥Laws of Urban Land Readjustment¡¦. 2. When the adjustment association is established, it shall be set as a corporation as soon as possible. 3. It shall be clearly regulated that the encouragement of the urban land readjustment implementation by the private sector is limited to the free-selected areas within the range of urban planning. 4. It is to increase the areas for and number of landowners who agree to execute the urban land readjustment implementation by the private sector. In the aspect of execution: 1. The increase of burden ratio of public facilities should follow the example of urban land readjustment implementation by the public authority. 2. The calculation of burden ratio of the average shared cost should use a unified, standard formula. 3. The transaction of urban land readjustment implementation by the private sector should not be open to the cities which have no experience in transaction of urban land readjustment implementation by the public authority. 4. The development duration of urban land readjustment implementation by the private sector should not last too long.

名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類 : 博士(医学)(論文) 学位授与年月日:平成4年12月22日 市川真澄氏の博士論文として提出された

Due to the large number of garment factory closings in the Appalachian region of Virginia, many workers have become unemployed. Mittelhauser (1997) reported, "textile and apparel workers are expected to lose jobs at an even faster rate. Employment in these industries has been projected to decline by about 300,000 jobs over the 1994-2005 period, compared to a net loss of about 250,000 jobs over the previous 11-year period" (p. 28). In order to provide governmental assistance for these workers, the Trade Readjustment Act (TRA) gives money to these displaced workers so they can be retrained. TRA includes training, trade readjustment allowance, relocation allowance, subsistence allowance (while in training), transportation allowance, and reemployment services (ETA, 2000). The majority of retraining occurs at regional community colleges. Further, most of the displaced garment workers are women since the majority of the jobs involved sewing. In fact, Mittelhauser (1997) found that "nearly three-quarters of the employees working in the apparel industry in 1996 were women, compared to about a third of the workers in the entire manufacturing sector" (p. 25). When the displaced workers apply for community college classes, most of them test into developmental classes, including developmental writing. According to Doyle and Fueger (1995), developmental writing meets "the need to write effectively and coherently and the need to use standard grammar, usage, and punctuation" (p. 22). Further, Sweigart (1996) identified the most important purpose and outcome of developmental writing as "the development of the writing abilities of individual students" (p. 13). This descriptive study followed four women in Developmental Writing 03 class at Creekview Community College. The four TRA women in the study were nontraditional students, as well as displaced garment workers from the Appalachian region. The purpose of the study was to see if the women's writing improved over the course of the semester, based on employers' expectations and rubrics specially designed for looking at the traits of good writing. Specifically, the study looked at the women's in-class and out-of-class writing. The writing was analyzed in depth by the researcher and was presented in case studies, one for each woman in the study. Because of employers' concerns about workers' poor writing skills, the writing was further analyzed in terms of workplace expectations so as to determine if the women acquired writing skills that would assist them in their future workplaces. Ascher (1988) said that writing skills in the workplace meant "writing legibly and completing forms accurately; writing Standard English; selecting, organizing, and relating ideas; and proofreading one's own writing" (p. 1). Upon close analysis of the women's writing, it was decided that their writing did show at least some improvement based on the participation in a developmental writing class. Additionally, based on interviews, participant observation of the women in Developmental Writing 03, and the analysis of the women's writing, it was determined that the women's confidence in themselves as writers also increased as a result of their participation in the semester long developmental writing class. / Ph. D.

This paper aims to spell out the post-syntactic operations involved in the placement of second-position subject clitics in Alsea, an extinct language of the central Oregon coast. It assumes that the subject clitic is a syntactic head that is moved to a complementizer position in syntax, but is linearized in a post-syntactic morphological component in PF; operations in morphology account for the deviation of the subject clitic from its syntactic output position. Based on Buckley (1994), this paper proposes a two-stage post-syntactic derivation to account for the subject clitic distribution in Alsea: (i) concatenation, in which the subject clitic adjoins to an adjacent head of the same type to satisfy its suffixal requirement, (ii) prosodic readjustment, whereby a clitic whose morphological host is non-overt, leans rightward to procliticize to the first prosodic constituent.

As men and women return from serving on the frontlines of Operations Enduring Freedom (OEF; Afghanistan) and Iraqi Freedom (OIF; Iraq), many struggle with emotional or behavioral difficulties stemming from the stresses of battle. However, research has shown that these service members may be unwilling or unable to recognize or report such difficulties due to such factors as amnesia, avoidance, or cognitive impairment. Hence, the burden to recognize distress and encourage treatment increasingly falls on peers, friends, and especially intimate partners. Given that this responsibility is often placed on significant others, it is imperative to determine which symptoms are amenable to detection by informants and which are not. The current study examined the ability of female spouses of Vietnam veterans to report on various indicators of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD. Item response theory (IRT) analyses were conducted with a dataset composed of both self- and informant reports using the same items regarding the same individual in order to examine the item-level properties. Results from these analyses indicated that the ability of both spouses and veterans to detect PTSD symptoms varies across item content and that items themselves do not relate equally to, or become diagnostic at the same level of, PTSD. Overall, veterans showed greater sensitivity to their own symptoms and were able to provide more information than their spouses for nearly every item rated by independent experts to be overt or covert. However, some items provided greater information when endorsed by the spouse versus the veteran even though, consistent with the majority of other items, these items were endorsed by the spouse only once the PTSD symptoms had reached greater severity. Implications of these findings as well as future directions for research regarding observer reports of PTSD symptomatology were explored.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CRISTOPHEN RIBEIRO.pdf: 689353 bytes, checksum: b4c706349f765084a9d29887dc883d47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-30 / The present study aimed to correlate psychometric scales employed in the nursing of a large hospital in southwestern Paraná. We applied the following instruments: Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey in their personal involvement of the three-dimensional work, depersonalization and emotional exhaustion, inventories STAI and STAI TRACE STATE, the Social Readjustment Scale of Holmes and Rahe, and an Inventory of Specific Events Nursing which was built on an experimental basis for the application in the sample studied. We approached 240 nursing professionals in their research environment, we obtained an n = 192 subjects. The results found a significant Pearson correlation between the Maslach Scale and its three dimensions, and Inventory STAI STATE correlated with the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. It was felt that there was still a correlation between the STATE and Inventory STAI score combined in a statistical program used in the tabulation of data collected. It was concluded from this study that social adjustment factors can influence positively or negatively in states of anxiety among workers in the field of hospital nursing, and considering the three dimensions assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory. / O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo correlacionar escalas psicométricas em trabalhadores da área de enfermagem de um Hospital de grande porte do Sudoeste do Paraná. Foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey em suas três dimensões envolvimento pessoal do trabalho, despersonalização e exaustão emocional, os inventários IDATE TRAÇO e IDATE ESTADO, a escala de Reajustamento Social de Holmes e Rahe, além de um Inventário Específico de Eventos de Enfermagem que fora construído de forma experimental para a aplicação na amostra pesquisada. Foram abordados 240 profissionais da área de enfermagem no respectivo ambiente de pesquisa, obtiveram-se um n=192 sujeitos. Como resultados expressivos encontraram-se uma correlação de Pearson entre a Escala de Maslach e suas três dimensões, além do Inventário IDATE ESTADO correlacionado com a Escala de Reajustamento Social. Considerou-se ainda que existiu uma correlação entre o Inventário IDATE ESTADO e um Escore Combinado no programa estatístico empregado na tabulação dos dados coletados. Concluiu-se neste estudo que fatores de reajustamento social podem influenciar positiva ou negativamente em estados de ansiedade em trabalhadores da área de enfermagem hospitalar, considerando ainda as três dimensões avaliadas pelo Maslach Burnout Inventory.

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