Vi ville, i och med denna uppsats, ge en beskrivning av de problem och konflikter som kan uppstå mellan fartyg, hamn och kommun gällande deras källsorteringssystem då tydliga regler för detta saknas. Studien utfördes med syftet att beskriva problemen utifrån de olika aktörernas perspektiv. Metoden som vi använde oss av var en kvalitativ studie med ett antal halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Vi valde denna metod eftersom den lämpar sig bäst för det valda ämnet då det inte finns mycket litteratur att stödja sig på. Resultatet vi kom fram till visade sig vara som väntat, ett befintligt problem som alla de inblandade aktörerna upplevt. Det som överraskade oss mest var att problemen hade en betydligt större omfattning än vad vi trott från början. Det som alla aktörerna påpekade var att problemen med källsortering måste uppmärksammas och med tiden lösas på ett, för alla inblandade parter, smidigt sätt. / With this thesis, we would like to present the problems that might arise, for vessels, ports and municipalities, due to the fact that there are no rules regulating the interaction between vessels and shoreside garbage management. The problem will be described from the different participants’ point of view. The method used in this thesis, is based on a qualitative study where different interviews have been made. We elected this method because it is best suited for the purpose of the chosen subject. The result will mostly be based on material from interviews since there is only a limited amount of literature to refer to. Our result point to, as was expected, an existing problem. The extent of the problem was not clear to us in the beginning of the study, but as the process went along we quickly became aware of the proportions of the problem. All participants’ have pointed out the importance of drawing attention to the problem and hopefully finding a solution.

No description available.

<p>Vi ville, i och med denna uppsats, ge en beskrivning av de problem och konflikter som kan</p><p>uppstå mellan fartyg, hamn och kommun gällande deras källsorteringssystem då tydliga regler</p><p>för detta saknas. Studien utfördes med syftet att beskriva problemen utifrån de olika</p><p>aktörernas perspektiv.</p><p>Metoden som vi använde oss av var en kvalitativ studie med ett antal halvstrukturerade</p><p>intervjuer. Vi valde denna metod eftersom den lämpar sig bäst för det valda ämnet då det inte</p><p>finns mycket litteratur att stödja sig på.</p><p>Resultatet vi kom fram till visade sig vara som väntat, ett befintligt problem som alla de</p><p>inblandade aktörerna upplevt. Det som överraskade oss mest var att problemen hade en</p><p>betydligt större omfattning än vad vi trott från början. Det som alla aktörerna påpekade var att</p><p>problemen med källsortering måste uppmärksammas och med tiden lösas på ett, för alla</p><p>inblandade parter, smidigt sätt.</p> / <p>With this thesis, we would like to present the problems that might arise, for vessels, ports and</p><p>municipalities, due to the fact that there are no rules regulating the interaction between vessels</p><p>and shoreside garbage management. The problem will be described from the different</p><p>participants’ point of view.</p><p>The method used in this thesis, is based on a qualitative study where different interviews have</p><p>been made. We elected this method because it is best suited for the purpose of the chosen</p><p>subject. The result will mostly be based on material from interviews since there is only a</p><p>limited amount of literature to refer to.</p><p>Our result point to, as was expected, an existing problem. The extent of the problem was not</p><p>clear to us in the beginning of the study, but as the process went along we quickly became</p><p>aware of the proportions of the problem. All participants’ have pointed out the importance of</p><p>drawing attention to the problem and hopefully finding a solution.</p>

Dans le contexte français d'ouverture du monde pénitentiaire et de développement des partenariats associatifs, les premiers « accueils des familles » voient le jour au cours des années 1980. Des bénévoles prennent l'initiative d'améliorer les conditions de visite au parloir en proposant un accueil pour les proches des personnes détenues. Depuis 2010, sollicitée par le principe d'« humanisation » des prisons prôné par les Règles Pénitentiaires Européennes, l'administration prend ce service d'accueil à sa charge en le délégant à des sociétés prestataires dans les établissements à « gestion mixte », publique et privée, sans pour autant exclure les associations.À la croisée de l'anthropologie et de la sociologie, à travers une ethnographie de longue durée menée au sein de lieux périphériques du domaine carcéral, la thèse interroge les politiques institutionnelles et les pratiques participatives des associations. Au prisme de leurs différentes matrices - compassionnelle, gestionnaire et sécuritaire - cette recherche analyse les processus de politisation et de fabrication symbolique des divers sujets (collectifs et individuels) impliqués. Elle étudie également les enjeux sociaux relevant de la « carcéralisation » d'espaces publics et de la « publicisation » d'espaces carcéraux. / In the French context of prison's opening up and developing partnerships with associations, first “Families Welcome” began in the 1980's. Volunteers take the initiative to create reception facilities for inmates' relatives when they come to the prison visiting room. Since 2010, in order to respect European Prison Rules, penitentiary administration handed over this service to the joint management of private and public companies, without excluding associations.Between anthropology and sociology, through long-term ethnography within this prison's periphery, this thesis raises questions about institutional practices and participatory dimension of associations. Through several models – compassion, management, and security – this research analyses the politicisation process and symbolic construction of the different subjects implicated (collective and individual). It also studies social issues relevant to the “carceralisation”, of public places and the publicity of prison facilities.

Internationally, shipping, boating and ancillary services are seen as significant contributors to degradation of the marine environment, affecting water quality, habitats and coastal amenity. As a result, it is important to ensure good practice with regard to safety issues when discharging or handling such wastes while vessels are in the port's jurisdiction. The international standards for regulating the prevention of marine pollution through ship generated waste are clearly outlined primarily in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 ("UNCLOS") and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships1973 as amended by the Protocol of 1978 ("MARPOL 73/78"). The proposed study will explore compliance to MARPOL 73/78 Convention's requirement for governments to ensure the provision of adequate port reception facilities capable of receiving ship board residues and mixtures, containing oil, noxious liquids or garbage, without causing undue delay. The paper further reviews the implementation of the Conventions in the European Union and South Africa as it aims to provide a profile of the availability of waste reception facilities to assess their effectiveness in addressing the problem of marine pollution through ship generated waste. It is concluded that a variety of South African legislation is also applicable to marine pollution, but inadequately enforced. Further, that there was a considerable range of legislation intended to protect the North Sea and European waters in general from marine pollution but marine pollution from vessels is still considered to be a significant problem. In conclusion, it is recommended that South Africa should urgently develop effective mechanisms to monitor the enforcement oflegislation adequately. / Thesis (M.Com.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

Based on literature review, statistics of waste management at ports in South Africa is hard to come by. The research critically assessed the current waste management practices at Transnet National Ports Authority. Transnet National Ports Authority, Port of Richards Bay (TNPA RCB) was used as a case study to examine the different types and quantities of waste produced, analysing the current waste management model as well as determining TNPA RCB compliance to pertinent waste legislation. A 10 day waste audit was conducted to obtain quantitative data and to identify the different types of waste generated. The baseline data resulting from the waste audit conducted for the first time since the establishment of the TNPA RCB, found 402 kg of general waste generated, 74 kg of this total is segregated for recycling and the remaining 328 kg is landfilled. The overall conclusion gained during compliance audit was that the TNPA RCB was partly compliant with pertinent waste legislation and obligations. Furthermore, questionnaires about waste were sent to staff members working in offices to get an overview of how they deal with current waste management. A number of barriers to sustainable waste management were identified, including: lack of knowledge and awareness; constraints on facilities and human resources; culture that resists change and contamination. To overcome these, there needs to be education, as well as co-operation between top management, staff and waste service providers to help implement new strategies. The primary conclusions from this dissertation are that there are opportunities to divert waste streams from landfill and to attain a sustainable waste management system at TNPA RCB. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

Based on literature review, statistics of waste management at ports in South Africa is hard to come by. The research critically assessed the current waste management practices at Transnet National Ports Authority. Transnet National Ports Authority, Port of Richards Bay (TNPA RCB) was used as a case study to examine the different types and quantities of waste produced, analysing the current waste management model as well as determining TNPA RCB compliance to pertinent waste legislation. A 10 day waste audit was conducted to obtain quantitative data and to identify the different types of waste generated. The baseline data resulting from the waste audit conducted for the first time since the establishment of the TNPA RCB, found 402 kg of general waste generated, 74 kg of this total is segregated for recycling and the remaining 328 kg is landfilled. The overall conclusion gained during compliance audit was that the TNPA RCB was partly compliant with pertinent waste legislation and obligations. Furthermore, questionnaires about waste were sent to staff members working in offices to get an overview of how they deal with current waste management. A number of barriers to sustainable waste management were identified, including: lack of knowledge and awareness; constraints on facilities and human resources; culture that resists change and contamination. To overcome these, there needs to be education, as well as co-operation between top management, staff and waste service providers to help implement new strategies. The primary conclusions from this dissertation are that there are opportunities to divert waste streams from landfill and to attain a sustainable waste management system at TNPA RCB. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

La mer joue un rôle essentiel dans la régulation du climat et dans l'équilibre écologique. Les océans et les mers constituent une source de richesse, un immense réservoir de ressources alimentaires et d'emplois pour un grand nombre de personnes. La mer Méditerranée est un écosystème sensible soumis à de fortes pressions par les activités humaines comme la pêche, l'exploration gazière et pétrolière, l'immersion des déchets ou d'autres matières en mer, le transport maritime, le transfert d'espèces aquatiques envahissantes par les eaux de ballast et le tourisme littoral. La France durement touchée par les naufrages de l'Amoco Cadiz, de l'Erika et du Prestige, a pris de nombreuses initiatives tant au niveau international que régional. La complexité du problème de la pollution marine, due à la diversité des facteurs polluants et à leurs sources diffuses, a favorisé une approche sectorielle. Cette approche s'est traduite par l'adoption, aux niveaux national, régional et international, d'un ensemble disparate de politiques, textes législatifs, programmes et plans d'action dans le domaine de la protection du milieu marin. Il s'agit d'un corps de règles étouffées comprenant des mesures préventives et répressives. La complexité institutionnelle et juridique de la protection du milieu marin empêche pourtant la protection effective de la mer. Dans ce contexte, la communauté internationale encourage la mise en œuvre d'une approche écosystématique pour les océans. À l'échelle européenne, l'adoption de la directive-cadre « stratégie pour le milieu marin » favorise la cohérence entre les différentes politiques européennes et l'intégration des préoccupations environnementales dans toutes les politiques liées à la mer. De plus, l'efficacité de la législation européenne dans le domaine de la lutte contre la pollution marine a été renforcée par l'adoption d'un cadre commun de responsabilité pour la prévention et la réparation des préjudices environnementaux. / The sea plays a vital role in regulating climate and in maintaining ecological balance. The oceans and the sea constitute a source of wealth, an immense reservoir of food resources and of employment for many people. The Mediterranean Sea is a sensitive ecosystem, subject to strong pressures derived from human activities, such as fishing, oil and gas exploration, dumping of waste and other matter in the sea, maritime transport, transfer of aquatic invasive species via ballast water and littoral tourism. France, severely affected by the sinking of the Amoco Cadiz, the Erika and the Prestige, took numerous initiatives not only at an international but also at a regional level. The complexity of the marine pollution problem, due to the diversity of polluting factors and to their diffuse sources, has favored a regional approach. This approach has resulted in the adoption, at a national, regional and international level, of a network of policies, legislative texts, programs and action plans in the field of marine environment protection. It constitutes a stifling body of rules, comprising preventive and repressive measures. The institutional and legal complexity of marine protection hinders, however, the effective protection of the marine environment. ln this context, the international community encourages the implementation of an ecosystem approach to oceans. At European level, the adoption of the Framework Directive «Strategy for the Marine Environment» favours a consistency between different EU policies as well as an integration of environmental considerations into ail policies related to the sea. Furthermore, the effectiveness of European legislation in the field of the fight again marine pollution, has been reinforced by the adoption of a common framework of liability with regard to the prevention and remedy of environment damage.