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Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

by Tung Sin Yi, Cindy. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-132). / Acknowledgements --- p.I / List of Abbreviations --- p.II / Abstract --- p.IV / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Astrocytes in the Central Nervous System (CNS) l / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Characteristics of astrocytes / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Functions of astrocytes / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- General functions of astrocytes / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Effects of neuroactive peptides on astrocytes / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Gliomas and the rat C6 glioma cells / Chapter 1.2 --- C-Type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in the CNS --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Structure and distribution of natriuretic peptides in the CNS / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Actions of CNP / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Natriuretic peptide receptors and signal transduction in astrocytes / Chapter 1.3 --- Endothelin-3 (ET-3) in the CNS --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Structure and distribution of endothelins (ETs) in the CNS / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Actions of ET-3 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Endothelin receptors and signal transductionin astrocytes / Chapter 1.4 --- cGMP second messenger system in astrocytes --- p.28 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Second messenger systems in astrocytes / Chapter 1.4.2 --- cGMP as second messenger in astrocytes / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Post cGMP cascade effects / Chapter 1.5 --- The aims of this project --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Methods / Chapter 2.1 --- In vitro culture of rat C6 glioma cells --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Preparation of reagents / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Culture of C6 glioma cells / Chapter 2.1.3 --- "Cell plating in 6-well, 24-well and 96-well plastic trays" / Chapter 2.2 --- Determination of cGMP --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Measurement of cGMP / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Data analysis / Chapter 2.3 --- Determination of the effect of CNP on cGMP productionin C6 cells --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4 --- Determination of the effect of ET-3 on the action of CNPin C6cells --- p.44 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Measurement of intracellular cGMP levels affected by ET-3 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Measurement of intracellular cGMP levels affected by CNP with ET-3 pretreatment / Chapter 2.5 --- Determination of the effects of PKC activator and inhibitor on CNP-treated C6 cells --- p.46 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Measurement of intracellular cGMP levels affected by PKC activator or inhibitor / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Measurement of intracellular cGMP levels affected by CNP with PKC activator or inhibitor pretreatment / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Measurement of intracellular cGMP levels affected by CNP with PKC inhibitor antagonized PMA or ET-3 pretreatment / Chapter 2.6 --- Determination of the effect of arachidonic acid on the action of CNP in C6 cells --- p.49 / Chapter 2.7 --- Determination of the effects of ET-3 and CNP on calcium uptake in C6 cells --- p.50 / Chapter 2.8 --- Determination of the effects of CNP and ET-3 on cell volume change in C6 cells --- p.51 / Chapter 2.9 --- Determination of the effects of CNP and ET-3 on glucose and amino acids uptake in C6 cells --- p.53 / Chapter 2.9.1 --- Measurement of glucose uptake in CNP - and/or ET- 3-treated C6 cells / Chapter 2.9.2 --- Measurement of amino acids uptake in CNP - and/or ET-3-treated C6 cells / Chapter 2.10 --- "Determination of thymidine, uridine and leucine incorporation in CNP - and/or ET-3- treated C6 cells" --- p.55 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Effects of CNP and ET-3 on cGMP production in cultured rat C6 glioma cells --- p.56 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Effect of CNP on cGMP production in cultured C6 glioma cells --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1.1.1 --- The time course of CNP on cGMP production / Chapter 3.1.1.2 --- Dosage-response of CNP on cGMP production / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Effect of ET-3 on cGMP production in C6 glioma cells --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- Effect of ET-3 on basal cGMP production / Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- Effect of pre-exposure duration to ET-3 on CNP-induced cGMP formation / Chapter 3.1.2.3 --- Dosage-response of ET-3 on CNP-induced cGMP production / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Effect of PMA on cGMP production in C6 glioma cells --- p.65 / Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Effect of PMA on basal cGMP production / Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- Effect of pre-exposure duration to PMA on CNP-induced cGMP formation / Chapter 3.1.3.3 --- Dosage-response of PMA on CNP-induced cGMP production / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Effects of PKC inhibitors on cGMP production in C6 glioma cells --- p.73 / Chapter 3.1.4.1 --- Effects of PKC inhibitors on basal cGMP production / Chapter 3.1.4.2 --- Effects of PKC inhibitors on CNP-induced cGMP formation / Chapter 3.1.4.3 --- Antagonism of PKC inhibitors on the action of PMA on CNP-induced cGMP formation / Chapter 3.1.4.4 --- Antagonism of PKC inhibitors on the action of ET-3 on CNP-induced cGMP formation / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Effect of arachidonic acid on CNP-induced cGMP production in C6 glioma cells --- p.82 / Chapter 3.2 --- Effects of CNP and ET-3 on cellular metabolism in cultured rat C6 glioma cells --- p.83 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Effects of CNP and ET-3 on calcium uptake in C6 glioma cells --- p.86 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Effects of CNP and ET-3 on cell volume changes in C6 glioma cells --- p.89 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Effects of CNP and ET-3 on glucose and amino acids uptake in C6 glioma cells --- p.91 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Effects of CNP and ET-3 on C6 cell proliferation --- p.98 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Effects of CNP and ET-3 on RNA synthesis --- p.101 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Effects of CNP and ET-3 on protein synthesis --- p.103 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion and Conclusion --- p.105 / References --- p.117

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 7 uppsatser.

Lai Kit Ching Jan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-141). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.iv / Acknowledgements --- p.vi / List of abbreviations --- p.vii / List of figures --- p.ix / Table of contents --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- "The structure, function and regulation of growth hormone" --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Historical perspective of growth hormone secretagogues --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Calcium signalling of growth hormone secretagogues --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5 --- Pancreas and functions of exocrine pancreas --- p.15 / Chapter 1.6 --- Regulation of exocrine pancreatic function --- p.22 / Chapter 1.7 --- Functions of ghrelin in pancreas --- p.32 / Chapter 1.8 --- Aims of study --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and methods --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1 --- Experimental animal and cell line models --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Rat model --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Isolation of pancreatic lobules and acinar cells --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Omeprazole-induced gastric acid inhibition --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Starvation rat model --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- AR42J cell line --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2 --- Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Total RNA extraction and quantification --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Reverse transcription --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Polymerase chain reaction --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Gel electrophoresis --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Optimization of semi-quantitative RT-PCR --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3 --- Western blot analysis --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Extraction of total protein and quantification --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Sodium Dodecyl-sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Tricine Sodium Dodecyl-sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (Tricine-SDS-PAGE) --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Electroblotting and immunodetection of proteins --- p.45 / Chapter 2.4 --- Immunocytochemistry --- p.47 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Preparation of isolated acinar cells for paraffin sections --- p.47 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Preparation of AR42J cells slices --- p.47 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Immunofluorescent double staining --- p.47 / Chapter 2.5 --- Functional studies of digestive enzyme secretion from pancreatic isolated acini and lobules --- p.49 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Incubation of pancreatic isolated acini and lobules with different peptides --- p.49 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Quantification of protein content --- p.50 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Measurement of a-amylase secretion by α-amylase assay --- p.50 / Chapter 2.6 --- Spectrofluorimetric measurement --- p.52 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Incubation of AR42J cells with Fluo-4/AM --- p.52 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Pretreatment of antagonist or blockers and Ca2+-free treatment --- p.52 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Calcium mobilization assay --- p.53 / Chapter 2.7 --- Statistics and data analysis --- p.54

An investigation of the interaction of stable opioid/ligands and unstable opioid peptides with opioid receptors in guinea pig brain, guinea pig myenteric plexus and mouse vas deferens has been carried out. The initial aim of the study was to further characterise K opioid receptors, using binding assays and isolated tissue bioassays. The second aim was to determine the true affinity and potency of small dynorphin peptides for the K opioid receptor and to determine if metabolism of the peptides to non K opioid receptor-preferring products contributes to their observed in vitro pharmacology.

by Chi Fung Yeung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-120). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / abstract --- p.1 / table of contents --- p.3 / acknowledgments --- p.8 / declaration --- p.9 / list of figures and tables --- p.10 / list of abbreviations --- p.13 / Chapter chapter 1- --- general introduction --- p.15 / Chapter 1.1 --- VASOACTIVE PEPTIDES --- p.18 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND --- p.18 / Chapter 1.1.1.1 --- Adrenomedullin --- p.20 / Chapter 1.1.1.2 --- Calcitonin gene-related peptide --- p.21 / Chapter 1.1.1.3 --- Endothelin-3 --- p.22 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- "SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE OF ADRENOMEDULLIN, CALCITONIN GENE RELATED PEPTIDE AND ENDOTHELINS" / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE OF Adrenomeduulin --- p.24 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE OF calcitonin gene related peptide --- p.25 / Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE OF ENDOTHELINS --- p.25 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- "ADRENOMEDULLIN, CALCITONIN GENE RELATED PEPTIDE AND ENDOTHELINS IN THE CNS" --- p.26 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- "RECEPTORS OF ADRENOMEDULLIN, CALCITONIN GENE RELATED PEPTIDE AND ENDOTHELINS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION" --- p.27 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- "BIOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF ADRENOMEDULLIN, CALCITONIN GENE RELATED PEPTIDE AND ENDOTHELINS" / Chapter 1.1.5.1 --- BIOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF ADRENOMEDULLIN --- p.30 / Chapter 1.1.5.1.1 --- haemodynamic effects of adrenomedullin --- p.30 / Chapter 1.1.5.1.2 --- Renal effects of Adrenomedullin --- p.31 / Chapter 1.1.5.1.3 --- Endocrine effects of Adrenomedullin --- p.31 / Chapter 1.1.5.1.4 --- Central effects of Adrenomedullin --- p.32 / Chapter 1.1.5.2 --- CALCITONIN GENE RELATED PEPTIDE / Chapter 1.1.5.2.1 --- haemodynamic effects of calcitonin gene related peptide --- p.33 / Chapter 1.1.5.2.2 --- Renal effects of calcitonin gene related peptide --- p.34 / Chapter 1.1.5.2.3 --- Endocrine effects of calcitonin gene related peptide --- p.34 / Chapter 1.1.5.2.4 --- Central effects of calcitonin gene related peptide --- p.35 / Chapter 1.1.5.3 --- ENDOTHELINS / Chapter 1.1.5.3.1 --- haemodyamic effects of endothelins --- p.36 / Chapter 1.1.5.3.2 --- Renal effects of Endothelins --- p.36 / Chapter 1.1.5.3.3 --- endocrine effects of endothelins --- p.37 / Chapter 1.1.5.3.4 --- Central effects of Endothelins --- p.37 / Chapter 1.1.6. --- PROLIFERATIVE OR ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS --- p.38 / Chapter 1.1.7 --- CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF VASOACTIVE PEPTIDES / Chapter 1.1.7.1 --- Clinical relevance of Adrenomedullin --- p.39 / Chapter 1.1.7.2 --- Clinical relevance of calcitonin gene related peptide --- p.40 / Chapter 1.1.7.3 --- Clinical relevance of Endothelins --- p.41 / Chapter 1.2 --- ASTROCYTES / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Historical background and astrocyte morphology --- p.42 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Physiological roles of astrocytes --- p.44 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Pathology of astrocytes --- p.45 / Chapter 1.3 --- NEUROPEPTIDE RECEPTORS AND ASTROCYTES / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Neuropeptide receptors on astrocytes --- p.47 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Consequences of receptor activation --- p.49 / Chapter 1.4 --- AIMS OF THE THESIS --- p.50 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- "GENERAL MATERIALS AND METHODS, AND DATA ANALYSIS" / Chapter 2.1 --- MATERIALS / Chapter 2.1.1 --- ANIMALS --- p.54 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- PEPTIDE HORMONES --- p.54 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- ISOTOPES AND RADIOIMMUNOASSAY KITS --- p.54 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- CULTURE MATERIALS AND CHEMICALS --- p.55 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- PREPARATION OF MATERIALS / Chapter 2.1.5.1 --- Preparation of primary cultures of astrocytes --- p.55 / Chapter 2.1.5.2 --- Preparation of medium and binding buffer --- p.56 / Chapter 2.1.5.3 --- Preparation of 125I-labelled vasoactive peptides --- p.56 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- MEASUREMENT OF CELLULAR CYCLIC AMP --- p.57 / Chapter 2.1.7 --- DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN CONTENT OF CULTURED ASTROCYTES --- p.60 / Chapter 2.2 --- METHODS --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- LIGAND BINDING: MEASUREMENT OF 125I-AM AND 125I-CGRP BINDING / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Binding kinetics --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Determination of specific binding of 125I-AM and 125I-CGRP --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Competition binding studies --- p.62 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- "BIOCHEMICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ET3, AM, CGRP AND PKC-ANALOG" / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Determination of the production of cAMP in response to AM and CGRP --- p.62 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Determination of the effect of PMA on AM and CGRP-dependent CAMP production --- p.63 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Determination of the effect of the phorbol esters on AM and CGRP-dependent cAMP production --- p.63 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Elucidation of antagonistic effect of staurosporine and Ro31-8220 --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Determination of the effects of ET-3 on AM and CGRP- dependent CAMP accumulation --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Determination of the effects of PKC inhIBition on ET-3 suppression of AM- and CGRP-induced CAMP responses --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.2.7 --- Elucidation of antagonistic effect of cycloheximide --- p.65 / Chapter 2.3 --- STATISTIC ANALYSIS --- p.65 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- RESULTS / Chapter 3.1 --- BINDING KINETICS OF 125I-AM AND 125I-CGRP --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2 --- SPECIFIC BINDING OF 125I-AM AND 125I-CGRP --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3 --- COMPETITION BINDING --- p.68 / Chapter 3.4 --- DOSE RESPONSE OF ADRENOMEDULLIN AND CGRP- STIMULATED CAMP PRODUCTION --- p.69 / Chapter 3.5 --- EFFECTS OF PHORBOL ESTERS ON AM AND CGRP DEPENDENT CAMP ACCUMULATION --- p.69 / Chapter 3.6 --- EFFECT OF PMA ON AM AND CGRP-DEPENDENT CAMP ACCUMULATION --- p.70 / Chapter 3.7 --- EFFECT OF ET-3 ON AM AND CGRP-DEPENDENT CAMP ACCUMULATION --- p.70 / Chapter 3.8 --- "THE EFFECTS OF STAUROSPORINE, RO 31-8220" --- p.71 / Chapter 3.9 --- EFFECT OF CYCLOHEXIMIDE ON THE SUPPRESSIVE ACTION OF ET3 --- p.72 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- DISCUSSION --- p.73 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- GENERAL CONCLUSION --- p.80 / REFERENCES --- p.83 / APPENDIX-PUBLISHED PAPER