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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Empatia e reciprocidade em ratos Wistar: um paradigma para avaliar comportamento pr?-social

Silva, Phi?tica Ra?ssa Rodrigues da 04 May 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-03T19:56:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PhieticaRaissaRodriguesDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 850602 bytes, checksum: c3df10230ac4c12d7ea0817208febe6e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-05T22:16:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PhieticaRaissaRodriguesDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 850602 bytes, checksum: c3df10230ac4c12d7ea0817208febe6e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-05T22:16:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PhieticaRaissaRodriguesDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 850602 bytes, checksum: c3df10230ac4c12d7ea0817208febe6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-04 / O comportamento pr?-social se refere a quaisquer a??es que t?m a inten??o de beneficiar outros, independente do ator tamb?m se beneficiar no processo. O termo ? bastante amplo e abrange v?rios subcomponentes, tais como coopera??o, mutualismo, altru?smo e ajuda. A coopera??o geralmente traz um custo para o indiv?duo cooperador que resulta na diminui??o da sua aptid?o. Embora isto pare?a contradit?rio com a teoria da sele??o natural, mecanismos que favorecem a evolu??o da coopera??o foram selecionados, tais como a sele??o de parentesco, a reciprocidade direta e a reciprocidade generalizada. Por tr?s do comportamento pr?-social pode estar um componente emocional motivador, tal como o sentimento de empatia. A empatia ? a capacidade de experienciar rea??es afetivas ao observar a experi?ncia do outro (empatia emocional), partilhando o seu estado emocional, e ser capaz de adotar o ponto de vista do outro (empatia cognitiva). Ainda n?o h? um modelo animal estabelecido para o estudo da empatia como motivador do comportamento pr?-social, em seus diversos aspectos. Dessa forma, utilizamos um protocolo que prop?e avaliar empatia e comportamento pr?-social em ratos (Bartal et al., 2011) visando verificar sua reprodutibilidade e buscando compreender aspectos como ajuda e coopera??o (reciprocidade direta e generalizada) bem como motiva??o para esses comportamentos. O comportamento de ajuda foi avaliado a partir da liberta??o de um colega aprisionado, pela abertura da porta de uma caixa restritora. A posterior retribui??o da ajuda foi o par?metro utilizado para investigar reciprocidade para um rato conhecido (direta) ou n?o (generalizada). Os ratos n?o recebiam treinamento ou recompensa pela tarefa. Reproduzimos os resultados do protocolo original e verificamos a presen?a de reciprocidade, por?m n?o pudemos distinguir a direta da generalizada. Identificamos outros fatores associados com a abertura da porta. Vimos que os animais continuavam abrindo a porta quando submetidos a um teste com a caixa restritora vazia, ap?s ter aprendido como abrir a porta. Vimos tamb?m que os ratos ?libertadores? entravam na caixa ap?s abertura e permanenciam nela a maior parte do tempo durante o teste. Quando os ratos foram submetidos previamente ? caixa vazia e depois ? caixa com um coespec?fico n?o houve abertura em nenhuma das circunst?ncias, indicando um poss?vel efeito de h?bito sobre o comportamento. Sendo assim, ? necess?rio investigar os demais fatores que possam estar envolvidos com a abertura da porta antes de considerar o uso do paradigma aqui estudado para investiga??o de mecanismos relacionados ? empatia e ao comportamento pr?-social. / Prosocial behavior refers to any actions that are intended to benefit others, regardless of benefits to the actor in the process. This is a very broad term that includes many subcomponents, such as cooperation, mutualism, altruism and helping. Cooperation often brings a cost for the cooperator, resulting in a fitness decrease. Therefore, cooperation seems contradictory to the theory of natural selection. However, mechanisms that promote the development of cooperation were selected, such as kin selection, direct reciprocity and generalized reciprocity. Behind prosocial behavior can be a motivating emotional component, such as empathy. Empathy is the capacity to experience emotional reactions when observing the experience of others (emotional empathy), sharing their emotional state, and being able to adopt their point of view (cognitive empathy). There is still no established animal model for the study of empathy as motivating prosocial behavior, in its various aspects. Thus, we use a protocol that proposes to assess empathy and prosocial behavior in rats (Bartal et al., 2011) to verify its reproducibility and try to understand aspects such as helping and cooperation (direct and generalized reciprocity) and the main motivation for these behaviors. The helping behavior was evaluated through the opening of the door of a restraining box, releasing a trapped cagemate. Future retribution in the task was the parameter used to investigate reciprocity to a familiar (direct) or unfamiliar (generalized) animal. The rats received no training or reward for the task. We reproduced the results of the original protocol and verified the presence of reciprocity, but could not discriminate between direct and generalized reciprocity. We identified other factors associated with the door opening. We have seen that the animals kept opening the door when tested with an empty restraining box, after learning how to open the door. We also saw that the ?opener? rats entered the box after opening and stayed there most of the time during the test. When rats were previously submitted to the empty box and after that to the conspecific box there was no opening in any of the circumstances, indicating a possible effect of habit on the behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate other factors that may be involved in door opening before considering the use of the paradigm currently used for investigation of mechanisms related to empathy and prosocial behavior.

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