Dans les milieux astrophysiques explosifs tels que les novae ou les sursauts X, la densité d'hydrogène et la température sont suffisamment grandes pour que le temps entre deux réactions impliquant un proton soit plus court que le temps de vie de certains ions radioactifs. La connaissance de la section efficace des réactions de capture d’un proton par un ion radioactif est un des ingrédients important permettant la modélisation de tels milieux. Dans ce travail, un nouveau dispositif expérimental permettant d'étudier la force de résonance de réactions (p,gamma) en cinématique inverse est présenté. Ce dispositif, baptisé ARES (Astrophysical REcoil Separator), a été d’abord caractérisé à l'aide de l'étude de la réaction 19F(p,gamma)20Ne et plus particulièrement de la mesure de la force de la résonance bien connue à 635 keV au dessus du seuil 19F+p. De plus, la simulation de cette expérience est en accord avec les mesures effectuées. Une première mesure de force de résonance d'une réaction impliquant un faisceau d'ions radioactifs est ensuite présentée. Il s'agit de la réaction 19Ne(p,gamma)20Na et plus particulièrement de la résonance à 448 keV au dessus du seuil 19Ne+p. Une limite supérieure de 15.2 meV avec un niveau de confiance de 90% est obtenue. Cette limite supérieure améliore légèrement les résultats de mesures antérieures. / In explosive astrophysical environments such as novae or X-ray bursts, the temperature and the hydrogen density are so large that the time between two reactions involving protons is smaller than the live time of radioactive ions. The cross section of such reactions is an important ingredient of the modeling of such environments. In this work, a new experimental device, allowing the study of resonance strength of (p,gamma) reactions, is presented. This setup, called ARES (Astrophysical REcoil Separator), is first characterized using the study of the well known reaction, 19F(p,gamma)20Ne and more precisely the measurement of the resonance strength of the 635 keV level above the 19F+p threshold. The simulation of this experiment is found in good agreement with the measurement. Then the first resonance strength measurement of a reaction involving radioactive ions beams is presented, i.e. the resonance strength of the 448 keV level above the 19Ne+p threshold in the 19Ne(p,gamma)20Na reaction. An upper limit of 15.2 meV with a confidence level of 90% is obtained. This upper limit improves slightly the results of previous measurements.

The nucleus is a mesoscopic system that retains features from both the quantum and macroscopic worlds. A basic property of a macroscopic body is its shape. Nuclear shapes can be deduced from experimental data as they influence the excitation mode of the nucleus and hence the energies and lifetimes of its excited levels. Various short-lived nuclei were created in fusion-evaporation experiments performed at international heavy-ion accelerator facilities. The emitted γ rays and, in some experiments, also the charged particles and neutrons emitted in the reactions were detected. The studied neutron-deficient isotopes were either selected by the type and number of particles emitted in the reactions, or by using their characteristic decays. The excited states of the different isotopes were extracted from the γ-ray analyses. Spectroscopic properties, such as the lifetimes of the excited states or the angular distribution of the emitted γ rays were measured when possible. The experimentally obtained level schemes together with the other spectroscopic information were used to deduce the excitation modes and the shapes of the studied nuclei. The detector systems are described in the first chapter and in the second chapter some techniques used to extract information from the experimental data are explained. Finally, a brief theoretical overview on the nuclear models which were used to interpret the experimental results is given. / QC 20100621