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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Tomografia computadorizada de t?rax em crian?as : podemos fazer um exame com a dose semelhante a de um raio x de t?rax e sem anestesia?

Dorneles, Cristina Manera 31 August 2016 (has links)
Submitted by PPG Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a (pediatria-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-10-09T17:27:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Cristina Manera.pdf: 1861857 bytes, checksum: 55d02acda533fde326a0ac0a092db0ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-10-10T13:01:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Cristina Manera.pdf: 1861857 bytes, checksum: 55d02acda533fde326a0ac0a092db0ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-10T13:03:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Cristina Manera.pdf: 1861857 bytes, checksum: 55d02acda533fde326a0ac0a092db0ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Objective: To evaluate the technical quality of low-dose computed tomography without contrast and without the use of anesthesia in the diagnosis of lung diseases in children Materials and Methods: It reviewed 86 chest CT scans performed due to clinical indications of acute or chronic inflammatory lung diseases, cancer or congenital malformations in patients from 1 to 18 years of age who were subjected to a low dose of radiation dose bellow the dose recommended by the ALARA and using interactive image reconstruction filters performed without the use of anesthesia or sedation. The exams will be evaluated by two reviewers and age, gender, the radiation dose, image quality and image noise will be assessed. Image analysis will be quantitative. The variables will be the outside Roi diameter of trachea divided by the Roi of trachea, the percentage of axial images with motion artifacts, and identification of the tracheal, the main and segmental bronchi? 20 segments, the main and lobar pulmonary arteries and the ascending aorta artery. The presence of pleural effusion and the identification of paratracheal and subcarinal lymph node chains will also be assessed. Data will be analyzed by for mean, standard deviation and the correlation of the data will be analyzed by tests of Pearson and Spearman, considering significant a p<0.05. Results: The average age of the patients was 5.5 years. LSD as well with the LID, LSE and LIE were displayed in all tests. The middle lobe in almost all (n = 85) apical segment and the medial basilar segment were seen in almost all of the scans (n = 84). The aorta and pulmonary arteries were distinguished on all tomography examinations. The percentage of images with motion artifact introduced an average of 0.8 with IC: 0-2.9 (P25-P75) with p < 0.001. The noise of the image showed an average of 45.5 with 12.4DP. How much ROI the trachea and main bronchi were seen in all the CT scans. The image quality was considered excellent and blurring that didn't compromise the evaluation in almost all the tests. The DLP in mGy dose presented an average of 27.5 with DP ? 11.1. Conclusion: The dose used was significantly lower than the one used in children and allowed the visualization of lung structures in almost all patients, enabling the final diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, bronchiolitis and congenital malformations without difficulty of diagnosis by image artifact / Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade t?cnica da Tomografia Computadorizada de baixa dose sem contraste e sem anestesia no diagn?stico de doen?as pulmonares em crian?as e adolescentes. Materiais e m?todos: Estudo descritivo retrospectivo em que foram analisadas 86 Tomografias Computadorizadas de t?rax em pacientes pedi?tricos e adolescentes. Os exames foram realizados por indica??o clinica de suspeita de patologias pulmonares com baixa dose de radia??o e com filtro de reconstru??o interativa da imagem sem uso de anestesia ou seda??o. Estes exames foram analisados por dois avaliadores independentes e as vari?veis medidas foram idade, o sexo, a dose de radia??o, a qualidade da imagem, o ru?do de imagem, o ROI externo dividido pelo um ROI na traqueia, identifica??o da traqueia, dos br?nquios principais e segmentares-20 segmentos , das art?rias pulmonares principais e lobares, aorta ascendente, presen?a de derrame pleural, cadeias linfonodais paratraqueais e subcarinal Todas as imagens tamb?m foram medidas quanto a artefato de movimento e foram descritos em porcentagem comparando com o total de imagens. Os dados foram analisados com m?dia, desvio padr?o. Para a an?lise da correla??o foram usados os ?ndices de Pearson e de Spearman considerando um p < 0,01 como significativo. Resultados: A visualiza??o da traqueia e dos br?nquios principais foi poss?vel em 100% dos exames. Os linfonodos paratraqueais e os subcarinais foram visto em todos os exames na bronquiolite e na malforma??o cong?nita. Os lobos superior, m?dio e inferior direito foram visualizados na totalidade das Tomografias Computadorizadas com baixa dose de radia??o nos pacientes com fibrose c?stica e bronquiolite. Na malforma??o cong?nita os lobos superior e inferior direitos foram visualizados em todos exames. Os lobos superior e inferior esquerdos foram identificados em todas as an?lises por TC. Os segmentos apicais foram vistos em 100% das imagens na FC, BO e malforma??o cong?nita.O segmento basilar apical foi visto em todas as imagens na FC. As art?rias aorta e pulmonar foram distinguidas no total dos exames Em nenhum exame houve comprometimento da qualidade da imagem. Na malforma??o cong?nita a percentagem de imagem com excelente qualidade e borramento leve sem comprometimento da avalia??o foram encontradas em todos os exames tomogr?ficos. A porcentagem de artefato de imagem foi de 0,3% na fibrose c?stica, 1,3 % na bronquiolite e 1,1% na malforma??o cong?nita. Conclus?o A dose utilizada foi significativamente menor do que a utilizada em crian?as e permitiu a visualiza??o das estruturas pulmonares em quase todos os pacientes possibilitando o diagn?stico final da fibrose c?stica, da bronquiolite e das malforma??es cong?nitas sem dificuldade de diagn?stico por artefato de imagem.

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