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ANALYS AV ÅTERUPPBYGGNADSPROCESSEN EFTER EXPLOSIONER / ANALYSIS OF THE RECONSTRUCTION PROCESS AFTER EXLOSIONSMahmoud, Yones, Myrenberg Larsson, Denise January 2024 (has links)
Introduktion – Statistik visar att småskaliga explosioner har ökat i Sverige. Under 2023 rapporterades över 159 fall av småskaliga explosioner (Regeringskansliet, 2024). En explosion kan, utöver strukturella skador, även leda till andra skador på byggnader. Detta ger ett ökat behov av återuppbyggnad av byggnader som skadats av småskaliga explosioner. Aktörer såsom Brandskyddsföreningen önskar en förbättrad skadehanteringskedja (Brandskyddsföreningen, u.å.). Denna studie syftar till att undersöka om det finns etablerade tillvägagångssätt som tillämpas vid återuppbyggnadsprocessen efter en småskalig explosion på en byggnad, möjligheter till eventuell förbättring och hur samordningen mellan olika yrkesgrupper kan förbättras. Metod – Studiens mål uppnås genom att analysera dokumentation från utredningar av byggnader som skadats vid småskaliga explosioner. Dokumentstudien kompletteras med intervjuer där aktörer som varit involverade i utredningen samt aktörer som arbetar med skadebedömning och skadehantering intervjuats. Resultat – Inget standardiserat, etablerat tillvägagångssätt används vid utredningar och återuppbyggnad av explosionsskador på byggnader idag. Aktörer som arbetar med skadeutredningar och skadebedömningar arbetar utifrån erfarenhet. Det finns en positiv attityd till att utveckla tydliga riktlinjer och checklistor som skulle kunna effektivisera återuppbyggnadsprocessen. Samordning och kommunikation är nyckeln till framgång i aktörernas arbete och även där finns en positiv attityd till effektivisering. Analys – Utförd analys visar att det finns förbättringsmöjligheter i återuppbyggnadsprocessen. Att utveckla tydliga riktlinjer för utredningar och hantering av skador som uppstår på byggnader skulle effektivisera processen. Det finns även förbättringsmöjligheter i kommunikationen mellan aktörer i återuppbyggnadsprocessen. Arbetet skulle kunna effektiviseras genom kortare kommunikationsled mellan inblandade aktörer. Diskussion – Våra resultat bekräftar tidigare forskning på flera punkter, bland annat att bristen på samordning är en kritisk faktor vid katastrofhantering och att koordinerade insatser är av stor vikt vid katastrofhantering. Ur ett socialt hållbarhetsperspektiv kan förbättrad kommunikation och jourverksamhet öka tryggheten och användarvänligheten vid hantering av explosionsrisker. Ur ett ekonomiskt hållbarhetsperspektiv kan snabb och samordnad insats minska de långsiktiga kostnaderna för återuppbyggnad och minimera ekonomiska förluster för drabbade individer och samhällen. / Introduction - Statistics show that small-scale explosions have increased in Sweden. In 2023, over 159 cases of small-scale explosions were reported (Regeringskansliet, 2024). An explosion can, in addition to structural damage, also lead to other damage to buildings. This increases the need for reconstruction of buildings damaged by smallscale explosions. Stakeholders such as the Fire Protection Association want an improved damage management chain (Brandskyddsföreningen, u.å.). This study aims to investigate whether there are established approaches applied in the reconstruction process after a small-scale explosion on a building, possibilities for possible improvement and how the coordination between different professional groups can be improved. Methodology - The objectives of the study are achieved by analyzing documentation from investigations of buildings damaged by small-scale explosions. The document study is supplemented with interviews where actors involved in the investigation as well as actors working with damage assessment and damage management are interviewed. Results - No standardized, established approach is used in the investigation and reconstruction of explosion damage to buildings today. Stakeholders involved in damage investigation and assessment work on the basis of experience. There is a positive attitude towards developing clear guidelines and checklists that could streamline the reconstruction process. Coordination and communication are key to the success of the actors' work and there is also a positive attitude towards streamlining. Analysis - The analysis carried out shows that there is room for improvement in the reconstruction process. Developing clear guidelines for the investigation and management of damage to buildings would streamline the process. There is also room for improvement in the communication between actors in the reconstruction process. The work could be streamlined by shortening the communication lines between the actors involved. Discussion - Our results confirm previous research on several points, including that the lack of coordination is a critical factor in disaster management and that coordinated efforts are of great importance in disaster management. From a social sustainability perspective, improved communication and emergency response can increase safety and ease of use in managing explosive hazards. From an economic sustainability perspective, rapid and coordinated response can reduce the long-term costs of reconstruction and minimize economic losses for affected individuals and communities.
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Le rôle des interactions dans la reconstruction du savoir-faire d’enseignants formés à l’étranger œuvrant dans des classes d’accueil montréalaisesLiu, Chen Jin 08 1900 (has links)
Depuis quelques décennies, de nombreux immigrants s’établissent au Canada ; une partie d’entre eux s’installent au Québec, surtout à Montréal. Certains de ces immigrants s’orientent vers la profession enseignante, sur la base de l’évaluation comparative de leurs diplômes. En raison de la pénurie d’enseignants à Montréal et de la pluralité ethnoculturelle du territoire, les commissions scolaires situées sur l’île de Montréal font souvent appel à des enseignants formés à l’étranger (EFÉ), notamment en classes d’accueil où ils sont jugés particulièrement pertinents compte tenu de leur connaissance de la migration. Cependant, l’intégration des EFÉ de classe d’accueil soulèverait des défis particuliers étant donné qu’ils n’ont pas toujours pour langue maternelle le français et qu’ils sont peu familiers avec le système éducatif québécois, alors que la transmission de la langue et de la culture constitue les objectifs prioritaires de leur mandat (Grégoire-Labrecque, 2014). Dans ce contexte, leur intégration socioprofessionnelle demande une attention. Néanmoins, la recherche sur cette question a surtout documenté les difficultés qu’ils rencontrent lors de leurs premières années d’exercice dans le milieu d’accueil, de même que les stratégies adoptées pour les surmonter ; peu d’attention a été portée au contexte spécifique dans lequel ils enseignent, tel que celui de la classe d’accueil qui présente des défis particuliers. Ainsi, ce mémoire vise à comprendre comment les EFÉ s’ajustent au travail de la classe d’accueil montréalaise. Les théories du constructivisme de Pépin (1994), de la dramaturgie de Goffman (1973a, 1973b) et de l’action collective de Becker (1982) sont mobilisées pour éclairer ce processus d’ajustement alors conçu comme la reconstruction de leur savoir-faire au coeur de leurs interactions au travail. La recherche sur le terrain s’est réalisée au moyen de neuf entretiens individuels virtuels auprès de trois EFÉ travaillant dans les classes d’accueil montréalaises. Après avoir réalisé une analyse thématique des transcriptions des entretiens, trois processus de reconstruction de leur savoir-faire en classe d’accueil ont été identifiés : la remobilisation des pratiques connues, l’adaptation des pratiques connues mais écartées et l’apprentissage des pratiques inconnues. Une lecture transversale de ces résultats a suscité le besoin d’un éclairage théorique complémentaire pour enrichir l’interprétation de ces processus et du rôle que tiennent les interactions au travail. Ainsi, une théorie interactionniste de la socialisation au travail (Demazière et al., 2019) a permis d’affiner la compréhension par la mise en lumière de quatre modes d’interaction par lesquels s’accomplissent les processus de reconstruction du savoir-faire des participants : la validation, l’ajustement, la confrontation et la tractation. Cette nouvelle analyse met en relief que ces modes d’interaction, qui se déploient autant en classe d’accueil que dans l’école, constituent le moteur de l’adaptation des pratiques des participants en regard des valorisations de la culture de travail dans les écoles montréalaises. / In recent decades, many immigrants have settled in Canada; some of them settle in Quebec, especially in Montreal. Some of these immigrants turn to the teaching profession, based on the comparative evaluation of their diplomas. Due to the shortage of teachers in Montreal and the ethnocultural plurality of the territory, the school boards located on the island of Montreal often call on internationally trained teachers (IETs), particularly in welcoming classes where they are considered particularly relevant given their knowledge of migration. However, the integration of IETs in welcoming class would raise particular challenges given that they do not always have French as their mother tongue and are unfamiliar with the Quebec school system, while the transmission of language and culture constitute the priority objectives of their mandate (Grégoire-Labrecque, 2014). In this context, their socio-professional integration requires attention. However, research on this issue has mostly documented the difficulties that they encounter during their first few years of practice in the host setting, as well as the strategies adopted to overcome them; little attention has been paid to the specific context in which they teach, such as the welcoming class which presents particular challenges. Thus, this research aims to understand how IETs adjust themselves to the work of Montreal welcoming class. Pépin’s theory of constructivism (1994), Goffman’s theory of dramaturgy (1973a, 1973b) and Becker’s theory of collective action (1982) are mobilized to shed light on this adjustment process then conceived as the reconstruction of their expertise at the centre of their interactions at work. The field research was carried out by means of nine virtual individual interviews with three IETs working in Montreal welcoming classes. After carrying out a thematic analysis of the interview transcriptions, three reconstruction processes of their expertise in welcoming class were identified: remobilization of known practices, adaptation of known but deviant practices and learning of unknown practices. A transversal reading of these results aroused the need for additional theoretical insight to enrich the interpretation of these processes and the role that interactions played in the work. Thus, an interactionist theory of socialization at work (Demazière et al., 2019) allowed to refine the understanding by highlighting four modes of interaction through which the reconstruction processes of the participants’ expertise are accomplished: validation, adjustment, confrontation and negotiation. This new analysis emphasizes that these modes of interaction, which appear both in welcoming class and in school, constitute the driving force behind the adaptation of participants’ practices with regard to the valuation of the work culture in Montreal schools.
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