Worldwide research regarding the movement patterns, heart rate recordings and work–to–rest ratios of rugby union referees is very limited. It is therefore very important to extend research regarding this topic. The first objective of this dissertation was to determine the frequency, duration and intensity of movement patterns and work–to–rest ratio of different refereeing panels of South African Rugby Union referees during match–refereeing at the National Club Rugby Championship in Stellenbosch during 2007. The second objective was to compare the two halves of the match with regard to the frequency, duration and intensity of the different movement patterns and the work–to–rest ratios of various of SARU referees during match–refereeing at the National Club Rugby Championship in Stellenbosch during 2007. The South African Rugby Union referees were monitored during match–refereeing by means of video and heart rate recordings for a total of 16 matches within a week tournament. The frequency and duration of the different movement patterns during both halves of the matches were analysed using a Dartfish TeamPro analysis software package. Heart rates were recorded during the matches to determine the movement pattern intensities of the referees for the duration of each match using a Suunto Team pack heart rate monitoring system. The work–to–rest ratios were determined by comparing the time (in seconds) spent working (lateral movements and sprinting) to the time spent resting (standing still, walking and jogging). The results revealed a moderate practical significant difference (d=0.51) between the mean frequency of jogging movement patterns for the different refereeing panels. A moderate practical significant difference was also found between the mean duration of jogging (d=0.43) and sprinting (d=0.43) movement patterns of different refereeing panels. The mean intensity of the movement patterns by the different refereeing panels showed large practical significant differences between the anaerobic threshold (d=3.68) and sub–threshold (d=1.36) levels and a moderate practical significant difference for the maximal heart rate zones (d=0.43). Both the provincial and contender panel referees had work–to–rest ratios of 1:4 during match–refereeing. In comparing the two halves of rugby match–refereeing, a large practical significant difference was found between the mean frequency of movement pattern values for standing still (d=2.53), walking (d=2.50), jogging (d=2.42), lateral movements (d=2.86) and sprinting (d=1.31) as well as for mean duration of movement pattern values for standing still (d=2.05), lateral movements (d=0.76) and sprinting (d=0.77). Large practical significant difference were found between the time spent in the maximal threshold (d=2.07), anaerobic threshold (d=0.92) and sub–threshold (d=7.90) heart rate zones measured during the two halves of match–refereeing. Average work–to–rest ratios of 1:3.5 and 1:5 were found for the first and second halves of rugby match–refereeing, respectively. The information gained regarding the activity profile of SARU referees could be used to determine the influence of rugby refereeing experience on the movement patterns and work–to–rest ratio of rugby referees. It can also provide information for constructing specific training programmes and drills in the development of rugby match–required fitness standards for referees. A key component of a rugby union referee’s game is positioning. Being in the right place at the right time is vital. The results of this study suggest that movements associated with positioning ? namely standing still, walking and lateral movements are the major components of the game of referees’ movement during match–refereeing. However, further research is required on this topic of research. / Thesis (M.A. (Sport Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

With the advance of the LCD technology, video quality is becoming increasingly important. In this thesis, we develop hardware-friendly low-complexity enhancement algorithms. Video quality enhancement methods can be classified into two main categories. Single frame methods are the first category. These methods have generally low computational complexity. Multi-frame methods combine information from more than one frame and require the motion information of objects in the scene to do so. We first concentrate on the contrast-enhancement problem by using both global (frame-wise) and local information derived from the image. We use the image histogram and present a regularization-based histogram modification method to avoid problems that are often created by histogram equalization. Next, we design a compression artifact reduction algorithm that reduces ringing artifacts, which is disturbing especially on large displays. Furthermore, to remove the blurriness in the original video we present a non-iterative diffusion-based sharpening algorithm, which enhances edges in a ringing-aware fashion. The diffusion-based technique works on gradient approximations in a neighborhood individually. This gives more freedom compared to modulating the high-pass filter output that is used to sharpen the edges. Motion estimation enables applications such as motion-compensated noise reduction, frame-rate conversion, de-interlacing, compression, and super-resolution. Motion estimation is an ill-posed problem and therefore requires the use of prior knowledge on motion of objects. Objects have inertia and are usually larger then pixels or a block of pixels in size, which creates spatio-temporal correlation. We design a method that uses temporal redundancy to improve motion-vector search by choosing bias vectors from the previous frame and adaptively penalizes deviations from the bias vectors. This increases the robustness of the motion-vector search. The spatial correlation is more reliable because temporal correlation is difficult to use when the objects move fast or accelerate in time, or have small sizes. Spatial smoothness is not valid across motion boundaries. We investigate using energy minimization for motion estimation and incorporate the spatial smoothness prior into the energy. By formulating the energy minimization iterations for each motion vector as the primal problem, we show that the dual problem is motion segmentation for that specific motion vector.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1996. / Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Frank L. Smith. Dissertation Committee: Jeanette E. Fleischer. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-130).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1996.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1996.

CAPES / A pesquisa buscou investigar o Tropicalismo (1967-1968) e analisar de que forma sua linguagem gráfica repercutiu nas capas de disco de 1969 a 1978, ou seja, nos dez anos seguintes ao término oficial do movimento. A dissertação procurou pensar nas características estéticas e culturais presentes nos projetos gráficos, considerando o contexto histórico desses anos, as propostas da canção tropicalista, tal como as influências entre as sonoridades e visualidades do período. Para isso, foram estudadas as capas de disco do Brasil da segunda metade dos anos de 1960, com ênfase na Tropicália. Foram selecionadas dez capas de discos do período posterior, com o intuito de estabelecer comparações e discutir as principais referências. Foi desenvolvida uma análise visual com base na semiótica peirceana - a partir da proposta de Martine de Joly (2006) - de capas de eixos fonográficos diversos de 1969 a 1978, apontando de que maneira construiu-se um diálogo entre o design tropicalista e as peças selecionadas. A partir disso, foi possível verificar que o Tropicalismo teve significativa importância para a criação e implantação de uma nova linguagem visual no design brasileiro e influenciou, em diferentes aspectos, o desenvolvimento de capas de disco da década posterior. / The research sought to investigate the Tropicalismo (1967-1968) and analyse how its graphic language reflected in the album covers from 1969 to 1978, in other words, in the ten years following the official end of the movement. The dissertation attempted to think about the esthetic and cultural characteristics present in graphic projects, considering the historical context of those years, the proposals of the Tropicália’s songs and the influences between sounds and visualities of period. Thus, the research was studied the album covers of Brazil in the second half of the 1960s, with an emphasis on Tropicália. Ten album covers of the period subsequent were selected, to compare and discuss the main references. It was developed a visual analysis based on Peircean semiotic - from the proposed of Martine Joly (2006) - of album covers of different phonograph axes from 1969 to 1978, pointing how was constructed a dialogue between Tropicalismo’s design and the selected pieces. From this, it was possible to verify that the Tropicalismo had significant importance for the creation and implementation of a new visual language in Brazilian design and influenced, in different aspects, the development of album covers in the next decade.

Orientador: João Baptista de Mattos Winck Filho / Banca: Sânderson Reginaldo de Mello / Banca: Regina Célia Baptista Belluzzo / O Programa de Pós Graduação em Televisão Digital: informação e conhecimento capacita profissionais para atuarem em televisão digital nas três áreas: comunicação, educação e tecnologia / Resumo: Apresenta-se a possibilidade de criação de núcleos de produção audiovisual com conteúdos informativos que correlacionem, entre outros, arte, meio ambiente e tecnologia. Nesse contexto, a televisão digital e a internet surgem como suporte na cadeia produtiva de conteúdos realizados a partir de dispositivos móveis. Tal realidade conta com o incentivo, dentre outros, do Centro Nacional de Excelência em Produção de Conteúdos Digitais Interativos e Interoperáveis, coordenado pelo Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT). As tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) podem reestabelecer às produções midiáticas a vocação de fonte cultural formadora na vida dos indivíduos, principalmente jovens. Neste sentido, os meios de comunicação interativos prometem reduzir as fronteiras da desigualdade de acesso, fortalecendo a democratização de informações, o compartilhamento de saberes e práticas cidadãs / Abstract: This paper presents the possibility of creating audiovisual production cores with informative and educative contents which correlate art, environment and technology, among others. In this context, digital television and internet appear as support to the production chain of contents generated from mobile internet devices. Such reality is encouraged, among others, by the Centro Nacional de Excelência em Produção de Conteúdos Digitais interativos e interoperáveis, coordinated by the Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT). The information and communication technologies (ICT) can re-establish to the media productions the vocation of cultural source in one's life, especially the young. So, interactive communication means promise to reduce the bordes of access inequality, building up information democratization, knowledge sharing and civic practices / Mestre

CAPES / A pesquisa buscou investigar o Tropicalismo (1967-1968) e analisar de que forma sua linguagem gráfica repercutiu nas capas de disco de 1969 a 1978, ou seja, nos dez anos seguintes ao término oficial do movimento. A dissertação procurou pensar nas características estéticas e culturais presentes nos projetos gráficos, considerando o contexto histórico desses anos, as propostas da canção tropicalista, tal como as influências entre as sonoridades e visualidades do período. Para isso, foram estudadas as capas de disco do Brasil da segunda metade dos anos de 1960, com ênfase na Tropicália. Foram selecionadas dez capas de discos do período posterior, com o intuito de estabelecer comparações e discutir as principais referências. Foi desenvolvida uma análise visual com base na semiótica peirceana - a partir da proposta de Martine de Joly (2006) - de capas de eixos fonográficos diversos de 1969 a 1978, apontando de que maneira construiu-se um diálogo entre o design tropicalista e as peças selecionadas. A partir disso, foi possível verificar que o Tropicalismo teve significativa importância para a criação e implantação de uma nova linguagem visual no design brasileiro e influenciou, em diferentes aspectos, o desenvolvimento de capas de disco da década posterior. / The research sought to investigate the Tropicalismo (1967-1968) and analyse how its graphic language reflected in the album covers from 1969 to 1978, in other words, in the ten years following the official end of the movement. The dissertation attempted to think about the esthetic and cultural characteristics present in graphic projects, considering the historical context of those years, the proposals of the Tropicália’s songs and the influences between sounds and visualities of period. Thus, the research was studied the album covers of Brazil in the second half of the 1960s, with an emphasis on Tropicália. Ten album covers of the period subsequent were selected, to compare and discuss the main references. It was developed a visual analysis based on Peircean semiotic - from the proposed of Martine Joly (2006) - of album covers of different phonograph axes from 1969 to 1978, pointing how was constructed a dialogue between Tropicalismo’s design and the selected pieces. From this, it was possible to verify that the Tropicalismo had significant importance for the creation and implementation of a new visual language in Brazilian design and influenced, in different aspects, the development of album covers in the next decade.

Acompanha: Afinal, como surgiram as geometrias não Euclidianas? / Por meio da literatura inerente ao tema deste estudo, é possível perceber que as geometrias não euclidianas são pouco exploradas na formação docente; todavia, documentos que norteiam a educação paranaense propõem que esses conceitos sejam explorados nas aulas de Matemática. Para tanto, são necessárias ações que permitam aos professores ampliarem seus saberes sobre elas. Assim, pretendeu-se refletir a respeito da relevância dos conhecimentos advindos da História da Matemática para o processo de formação do professor de Matemática no que diz respeito às geometrias não euclidianas. Investigações desenvolvidas na área defendem que a História da Matemática é um recurso didático que pode contribuir para a formação docente, principalmente no que tange à compreensão dos conceitos matemáticos. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar a produção de vídeos didáticos e atividades baseadas na História da Matemática, sobre tópicos das geometrias não euclidianas que podem ser utilizados na formação continuada de professores. Para alcançar tal objetivo, os referenciais teóricos explorados nesta investigação envolvem as pesquisas a respeito da formação do professor e a História da Matemática, bem como seu uso pedagógico, o uso das tecnologias no ensino, sobretudo dos vídeos didáticos e o ensino das geometrias não euclidianas. A presente investigação é qualitativa e de cunho interpretativo, na qual as etapas principais foram: levantamento bibliográfico relativo aos temas estudados; elaboração da reconstrução histórica das geometrias não euclidianas, investigação, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada sobre os professores que atuam na Educação Básica e suas compreensões a respeito das geometrias não euclidianas, elaboração dos vídeos e de atividades relacionadas a eles e aplicação desses materiais em um curso de formação continuada. A partir do curso ministrado a seis professores que atuam na Educação Básica (anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio) no município de Leópolis-PR, foi possível experimentar os vídeos e as atividades, o que permitiu observar que eles possibilitaram a esses sujeitos ampliar suas compreensões a respeito das geometrias não euclidianas, evidenciando seu potencial. / By means of the literature inherent in the subject of this study, it is possible to notice that non-Euclidean geometries are little explored in teacher education, however documents that guide education in the state of Paraná propose that these concepts are explored in Mathematics classes. Therefore, some actions are necessary to allow teachers to enlarge their knowledge about them. Thus, it was intended to ponder the relevance of the Mathematics History knowledge to the process of Mathematics teacher training concerning the non - Euclidean geometries. Developed researches plead that Mathematics History is a didactic resource that can contribute to teacher training, mainly related to non-Euclidean geometries. In this manner, the present work intends to investigate the production of didactic videos and activities based on the Mathematics History, about topics of non-Euclidean geometries that can be used in teacher training. To reach it, the theoretical references explored in this study involve researches on teacher education and Mathematics History, in addition its pedagogical use, teaching technologies, especially didactic videos, and the teaching of non-Euclidean geometries. The present investigation is qualitative and interpretive, in which the main steps were: a bibliographical research on the subjects studied; elaboration of the historical reconstruction of non-Euclidean geometries, investigation, through semi-structured interviews, about teachers who work in Basic Education and their understandings about non-Euclidean geometries, elaboration of videos and activities related to them and application of these materials in a training course. From the course that was taught to six teachers who work in Basic Education (Final Years of Elementary and Secondary Education) in the city of Leópolis-PR, it was possible to try the videos and activities that allowed to observe that they enabled them to increase their understanding of Non-Euclidean geometries showing their potential.

Orientador: Renato Jose Pinto Ortiz / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T20:35:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_MarianaMont'AlverneBarreto_D.pdf: 1686216 bytes, checksum: 433958cf4f4dfd7bf3e14b240067861d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa analisa o funcionamento das quatro gravadoras de discos transnacionais que operam no mercado fonográfico brasileiro, a partir do estabelecimento do disco compacto como suporte padrão para a reprodução e comercialização de música gravada. Partindo da hipótese de que em tempos de globalização da economia e mundialização da cultura, este mercado se comporta e se transforma de modo diverso, investiga-se quais são as características estruturais de tais transformações e como agem os diferentes agentes sociais que disputam este espaço. Para isso, considerando a configuração destas gravadoras enquanto majors, ou seja, companhias que dominam a produção e distribuição de música gravada no mundo, a posição que passam a ocupar daí em diante, explora-se como se organizam frente aos desafios impostos pela economia global - seus pertencimentos a corporações transnacionais, os usos das tecnologias digitais em seus processos produtivos, o incremento da concorrência em escala mundial, etc. -, e, de que forma, conservam, ou não, os mecanismos de reprodução deste campo, no qual elas mesmas são fundadoras dos seus princípios de construção. Por meio de uma pesquisa empírica qualitativa realizada nas quatro majors - entrevistas, depoimentos pessoais, fontes estatísticas, relatórios técnicos ou ainda, publicações especializadas -, buscou-se captar a lógica de funcionamento deste universo particular das indústrias culturais, a partir do modo como aqueles que se encontram em posições dominantes se engajam, justificam e dão sentido às suas práticas e ações. / Abstract: This research analyzes the operation of four transnational record labels that operate in the Brazilian phonographic market, as of the establishment of the compact disc as a support pattern for the reproduction and sale of recorded music. Assuming that in times of economic and cultural globalization, this market behaves and becomes so diverse, we investigate what the structural features of such changes are and how the different actors competing for this space act. Thus, considering the configuration of those labels as majors, that is, companies that dominate the production and distribution of recorded music around the world, and the position they start to occupy thereafter, we explore how they organize themselves against the challenges imposed by the global economy - their attachments to transnational corporations, the uses of digital technologies in their production processes, the increase of worldwide competition, etc. - and, how, they save the reproduction mechanisms of this field or not, in which they are founders of their own construction principles. Through a qualitative empirical research carried out within the four majors - interviews, personal accounts, statistical sources, technical reports or even publications - we have sought to capture the operational logic of this particular universe of cultural industries, as of the way those who are in dominant positions engage, justify, and give meaning to their practices and actions. / Doutorado / Sociologia da Cultura / Doutor em Sociologia