In the last decade, the world of telecommunications has seen the value ofservices definitively affirmed and the loss of the connectivity value. This changeof pace in the use of the network (and available hardware resources) has ledto continuous, unlimited growth in data traffic, increased incomes for serviceproviders, and a constant erosion of operators’ incomes for voice and ShortMessage Service (SMS) traffic.The change in mobile service consumption is evident to operators. Themarket today is in the hands of over the top (OTT) media content deliverycompanies (Google, Meta, Netflix, Amazon, etc.), and The fifth generation ofmobile networks (5G), the latest generation of mobile architecture, is nothingother than how operators can invest in system infrastructure to participate in theprosperous service business.With the advent of 5G, the worlds of cloud and telecommunications havefound their meeting point, paving the way for new infrastructures and ser-vices, such as smart cities, industry 4.0, industry 5.0, and Augmented Reality(AR)/Virtual Reality (VR). People, infrastructures, and devices are connected toprovide services that we even struggle to imagine today, but a highly intercon-nected system requires high levels of reliability and resilience.Hardware reliability has increased since the 1990s. However, it is equallycorrect to mention that the introduction of new technologies in the nanometerdomain and the growing complexity of on-chip systems have made fault man-agement critical to guarantee the quality of the service offered to the customerand the sustainability of the network infrastructure. In this thesis, our first contribution is a review of the fault managementimplementation framework for the radio access network domain. Our approachintroduces a holistic vision in fault management where there is increasingly moresignificant attention to the recovery action, the crucial target of the proposedframework. A new contribution underlines the attention toward the recoverytarget: we revisited the taxonomy of faults in mobile systems to enhance theresult of the recovery action, which, in our opinion, must be propagated betweenthe different layers of an embedded system ( hardware, firmware, middleware,and software). The practical adoption of the new framework and the newtaxonomy allowed us to make a unique contribution to the thesis: the proposalof a new algorithm for managing system memory errors, both temporary (soft)and permanent (hard)The holistic vision of error management we introduced in this thesis involveshardware that proactively manages faults. An efficient implementation of faultmanagement is only possible if the hardware design considers error-handlingtechniques and methodologies. Another contribution of this thesis is the def-inition of the fault management requirements for the RAN embedded systemhardware design.Another primary function of the proposed fault management framework isfault prediction. Recognizing error patterns means allowing the system to reactin time, even before the error condition occurs, or identifying the topology of theerror to implement more targeted and, therefore, more efficient recovery actions.The operating temperature is always a critical characteristic of embedded radioaccess network systems. Base stations must be able to work in very differenttemperature conditions. However, the working temperature also directly affectsthe probability of error for the system. In this thesis, we have also contributed interms of a machine-learning algorithm for predicting the working temperature ofbase stations in radio access networks — a first step towards a more sophisticatedimplementation of error prevention and prediction.

The food industry is a large consumer of industrial energy. A very large portion of this energy is needed in the form of thermal energy at medium to low temperatures. Fossil fuels remain the dominant sources of this energy. This combination provides various possibilities to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions with heat recovery, but also with the integration of solar process heat. Energy efficiency must provide the context, or background, of such considerations, and is therefore a very important aspect of them. It is a complex task to design an efficient heat supply with a variety of energy sources. An analysis of standards for energy audits, guides for energy efficiency and guides for solar process heat integration confirms that complexity. However, no available methodology considers all the necessary steps. These must range from analysis of the existing heat supply to the redesign of an efficient heat supply system. The focus must be on heat sources with waste heat and on solar process heat that might be used to complement the conventional sources. The design of a process heat system is mainly the task of design engineers in engineering offices. Specific tools and measures are needed to support these experts. However, the companies of the food industry sector employ their own energy engineers for energy issues. These people are actually the decision makers responsible for the configuration of the company energy supply systems, who also possess knowledge of the processes in their industry subsector. The expertise of the energy engineers varies within a broad range and is also connected to their area of responsibility. Therefore, it is important to consider these energy engineers when developing a methodology. The development of the methodology proposed herein consists first of the configuration of the tools and measures, which were assigned to four elements and functions. Second, the methodology so developed was applied at two companies in cooperation with their energy engineers, in detailed case studies. The feedback from the energy engineers is therefore a main objective and provides a background for evaluation of the usability of the methodology. It demonstrates the expertise required of the energy engineers, for the application of the tools and measures provided. Moreover, the development and application of the methodology involving real companies demonstrates the necessity of getting feedback from energy engineers. That finding is very important, and has been insufficiently considered in previous guides or methodologies. It is proposed that further work be aimed at providing additional case studies to extend the use of this methodology to other parts of the food industry.