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The objective of this research is to document sound marketing practice in Scotland's museums and galleries. This research was undertaken due to the increasing interest in marketing by museums themselves, and by those who fund museums. Before the research began there was a suspicion that the transfer of consumer goods marketing concepts to museums might be inappropriate, and that there was a lack of empirically based studies of marketing in museums. The literature review confirmed these suspicions. An explanatory approach using qualitative methods was therefore appropriate. Examples of sound museum marketing practice were identified by use of a panel of experts. The research was essentially an ethnographic study of what curators (managers) in the successful museums actually do. Whilst the techniques used are well established in many of the social sciences they are less common both in marketing and in museum studies. The research also made use of "Ethnograph" software for the analysi s of interview data, one of the first occasions this has been done in marketing research in the UK. The research revealed an inductively derived model identifying three important areas that successful museum curators have to attend to, namely, the management of the museum, the management of its reputation, and the management of its relationships with the museum's patron (funding) groups. It is this latter split that provides the key difference between museum marketing and commercial marketing. The research went on to discover how these three categories are dynamically related in a "spiral of success", and how the model can be used as a diagnostic tool to identify areas requiring attention. The other principal findings relate to the characteristics of successful curators. The research has implications for policy in areas including training, and the whole relationship between museums and those who fund them. In particular the idea that marketing will necessa is refuted.

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<p> The current study investigated ratings of coaches and their athletes on the Coaching Efficacy Scale. Coaches (<i>n</i> = 12) and athletes (<i>n</i> = 177) were recruited from several Southwestern universities and community colleges to participate in this study. The purpose of this study was to compare coaching efficacy ratings of coaches to those of their athletes to determine how similarly coaches and athletes perceive the coach&rsquo;s efficacy. Coaches and athletes from a variety of team and individual sports, including male teams, female teams, and teams with a mixture of males and females participated in this study. Results indicated that there is a difference between coaches&rsquo; ratings of themselves and athletes&rsquo; ratings of their coaches. Differences were found in athlete gender as well as gender matching of coaches and athletes.</p>

<p> Participation in couple leisure is related to marital satisfaction as well as lower divorce rates; however, Americans seem to have less time available to participate in couple leisure and may have a harder time attaining role balance. There is currently limited research about how role balance may affect leisure as well as how couples manage to balance their leisure time with their other responsibilities, ensuring they have time to spend together in high interaction leisure. We also know very little about other possible benefits couples may experience as a result of participating in couple leisure and the factors that may either facilitate or constrain positive leisure. Using a qualitative approach to data collection and analysis, and informed by symbolic interaction theory, I interviewed nine couples in order to explore the phenomenon of newlywed couple leisure, and address these issues. Couples found significant benefits and meaning through participation in couple leisure activities. They also perceived that participation in leisure together increased satisfaction with their marriages. Many factors were found to constrain or facilitate a positive leisure experience, including time, money, and others. It was found that role balance plays a large part in finding time to participate in leisure as a couple. Being able to role balance helped couples to better enjoy the benefits and meaning couple leisure provided.</p>

This programme of research contributed to the understanding of the process of fitness training adherence of elite netball players. It was designed to quantify fitness training adherence using a valid method of measurement, identify fitness training facilitators and barriers, examine the utility of social cognitive theories in predicting and explaining fitness training adherence and assess the efficacy of a theory-based intervention aimed at improving training adherence. In Chapter 2.1, the strong correlations between the diary measures and a 3-week recall measures for aerobic and strength training frequency (r = .64 and .70, p < .01, respectively) provided support for the construct validity of the diary method. Adherence was moderate for both aerobic (71 + 27%, M ± SD) and strength training (65 + 30%). Moreover, only 1 player (4%) managed to fully adhere to the recommended programme. Chapter 2.2 examined the utility of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Social Cognitive Theory in predicting aerobic training adherence. Neither of the theories significantly predicted adherence behaviour. However, within both of the theories, past training behaviour accounted for a significant unique portion of the variance in training adherence. In Chapter 2.3 a cross-case analysis of semi-structured interview data revealed that the key facilitators and barriers of fitness training behaviour could be usefully viewed within the framework of the revised Theory of Planned Behaviour. Chapter 2.4 examined the utility of Social Cognitive Theory, the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the revised Theory of Planned Behaviour in predicting fitness training adherence. The revised Theory of Planned Behaviour proved to be the best predictor of training adherence, accounting for 80% (77% adjusted) of the variance. Social Cognitive Theory and the Theory of Planned Behaviour accounted for 500/0 (41 % adjusted) and 21 % (11 % adjusted) of the variance in training adherence, respectively. Chapter 2.5 investigated the efficacy of an intervention, based on the predictions of the revised Theory of Planned Behaviour, designed to improve training adherence. Large effect sizes (0.93 - 3.80) for improvements in adherence between baseline and post-intervention were found for 13 players (760/0). A follow-up assessment over 7- weeks showed that players' training adherence remained improved.

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