Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-06-02T16:01:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Khalil de Menezes Rodrigues.pdf: 1672229 bytes, checksum: c8a308c58b7c1273496289e24d6e0e4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T16:01:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Khalil de Menezes Rodrigues.pdf: 1672229 bytes, checksum: c8a308c58b7c1273496289e24d6e0e4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The objective of this project was to study the spatial variability of soil physical and chemical attributes and soil fauna of a revegetated gully erosion area in Pinheiral municipality, Rio de Janeiro State. The gully area was vegetated using legume trees inoculated with specific N2- fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in 2004. To take the data and geostatistical analysis a regular grid of 5 x 5 m, with a total of 92 points, was defined. Soil samples were collected at the 0-10 cm depth and the following variables were analyzed: Al, pH, Ca, Mg, Ca+Mg, P, K, organic C, granulometry, soil moisture, and soil fauna (using pitfall traps). The software GEOEST was used for data analysis and definition of semivariograms to verify the spatial dependency and to choose the statistical model, using cross validation. Geostatistical analyses applied in the mapping of the spatial variability of soil chemical, physical and biological attributes of the gully area was a useful tool in the degraded gully to identify the areas, and the soil management for application of lime, fertilizers and planting the tree seedlings. The soil sampling for environmental monitoring of gully erosion areas should consider, at least, the slope position internally and externally in the gully area, dividing it in upper, medium and lower positions. Spatial dependence was observed in all soil chemical and physical attributes, and only 11 of the soil fauna groups out of 31 evaluated presented spatial dependence. The random sampling without considering the range value may result in wrong interpretation of data. The differences in soil organic C between the gully inner and outer sections clearly proves how difficult is to return the soil organic matter to the original levels, one it is lost in the soil. The analysis of data showed that altitude, soil moisture, sand and silt content, Ca+Mg, organic C, amounts of Coleoptera and Poduromorpha, had a strong spatial dependence. On the other hand, clay content, pH, Al, Ca, Mg, P, Acari, Entomobryomorpha, Collembola, fauna total, Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Shannon index, and Isoptera, presented a moderate degree of spatial dependence, and the richness index and Diptera had a weak degree of spatial dependence. / O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a variabilidade espacial de atributos qu?micos e f?sicos do solo e a fauna ep?gea em uma vo?oroca revegetada no munic?pio de Pinheiral. Na revegeta??o da vo?oroca foram plantadas leguminosas arb?reas inoculadas com bact?rias fixadoras de N2 espec?ficas e fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares (FMA) no ano de 2004. Para a coleta de dados e para permitir a an?lise geoestat?stica foi instalada uma grade com espa?amento regular de 5 x 5 m, num total de 92 pontos. As amostras de solo foram coletadas na profundidade de 0-10 cm e as seguintes vari?veis foram analisadas: Al, pH, Ca, Mg, Ca + Mg, P, K, Carbono org?nico, granulometria, umidade gravim?trica e a fauna do solo ep?gea (usando pitfall). Na an?lise de dados utilizou-se o programa GEOEST que ? um pacote de programas geoestat?sticos onde foram constru?dos semivariogramas para verificar a depend?ncia espacial e a escolha do modelo estat?stico por valida??o cruzada. A an?lise geoestat?stica no mapeamento da variabilidade espacial dos atributos qu?micos, f?sicos e biol?gicos em vo?orocas mostrou ser uma ferramenta muito ?til neste ambiente degradado e na identifica??o das ?reas, podendo manejar o solo com o uso mais eficiente de adubos e corretivos para o plantio de novas mudas. Amostragem de monitoramento ambiental em ?reas de vo?oroca deve considerar, no m?nimo, a posi??o do relevo em parte interna e externa e a posi??o do vo?orocamento em ter?o superior, ter?o m?dio e ter?o inferior. A depend?ncia espacial foi observada em todos os atributos qu?micos e f?sicos e apenas 11 grupos da fauna do solo dos 31 coletados apresentaram depend?ncia espacial. Amostragem ao acaso em vo?orocas pode resultar em interpreta??o err?nea dos dados. A diferencia??o dos teores de carbono org?nico encontrados na parte interna e externa da vo?oroca deixa clara a dificuldade de se retornar a mat?ria org?nica do solo ap?s sua perda. Na an?lise do grau de depend?ncia espacial, a altitude, umidade gravim?trica, areia, silte, Ca+Mg, Corg, Coleoptera e Poduromorpha apresentaram grau forte. Por outro lado, o teor de argila, pH, Al, Ca, Mg, P, Acari, Entomobryomorpha, Collembola, total da fauna, Hymenoptera, Formicidae, o somat?rio de outros grupos, ?ndice de Shannon e Isoptera apresentaram grau moderado, enquanto a Riqueza e Diptera mostraram grau fraco.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-23T14:01:55Z No. of bitstreams: 5 6.pdf: 739017 bytes, checksum: e138b821402f0e1be4f8d8ea9955fe76 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-10T13:09:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 6.pdf: 739017 bytes, checksum: e138b821402f0e1be4f8d8ea9955fe76 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-10T13:09:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 6.pdf: 739017 bytes, checksum: e138b821402f0e1be4f8d8ea9955fe76 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o impacto do uso de herbicidas na regenera??o e no banco de sementes em ?reas em processo de recupera??o. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos quatro experimentos sendo tr?s em ambiente de campo e um em ambiente protegido. No primeiro experimento, avaliou-se a infesta??o de gram?neas ex?ticas sobre o processo de regenera??o natural. No segundo, avaliou-se a influ?ncia do banco de sementes no processo de restaura??o de ?reas infestadas com plantas daninhas gram?neas. No terceiro trabalho, foi avaliada a sensibilidade de algumas esp?cies arb?reas nativas ? a??o do herbicida glyphosate e no quarto e ?ltimo experimento foi avaliado o efeito desse herbicida e do paraquat no controle das gram?neas invasoras em ?reas degradadas, comparado ? ro?ada, visando ? adequa??o de m?todos mais eficientes no controle de plantas daninhas. A partir de uma cobertura de plantas daninhas acima de 50% h? retrocesso no processo de regenera??o natural, por?m, h? um grupo de plantas capaz de colonizar tal ?rea. Verificou-se tamb?m que o banco sementes ? composto basicamente por esp?cies herb?ceas com car?ter invasor, n?o contendo sementes de esp?cies arbustivo-arb?reas, logo, n?o ? recomendada a recupera??o dessas ?reas utilizando o banco de sementes local. No ensaio com doses do glyphosate, concluiu-se que tr?s das quatro esp?cies florestais avaliadas possuem caracter?sticas que indicam toler?ncia ao herbicida testado, por?m, recomenda-se a realiza??o de testes em campo em est?dios alternativos de desenvolvimento. Na compara??o de m?todos de controle das gram?neas, embora n?o observadas diferen?as entre os herbicidas aplicados, parcelas tratadas com glyphosate apresentaram emerg?ncia de esp?cies presentes no banco ed?fico ao passo que nas parcelas tratadas com paraquat somente foram observadas brota??es. De modo geral, pr?ticas no controle qu?mico das plantas daninhas gram?neas devem ser adotadas para que a ?rea atinja a plena restaura??o. Recomenda-se a inclus?o de outras t?cnicas de recupera??o para que haja a entrada de esp?cies arb?reas adaptadas ao local. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of herbicide use in regeneration and in the seed bank in areas where the recovery process.?Thus, we developed three of four experiments in a field environment and in a protected environment.?In the first experiment, we evaluated the infestation of exotic grasses on the natural regeneration process.?In the second, we evaluated the influence of the seed bank in the process of restoration of areas infested with grassy weeds.?In the third study, we evaluated the sensitivity of some tree species native to the action of the herbicide glyphosate and the fourth and final experiment evaluated the effect of the herbicide paraquat and control of invasive grasses in degraded areas, compared to mowing, aiming at adapting the?most efficient methods to control weeds.?We could see that from a weed coverage above 50% for the reverse process of natural regeneration, however, there is a group of plants able to colonize this area.?It was also found that the seed bank is composed primarily of herbaceous species with character attacker, not containing seeds of woody species, so is not recommended for rehabilitation of these areas using the local seed bank.?In the trial in doses of glyphosate, it was concluded that three of four forest species evaluated possess characteristics that indicate tolerance to the herbicide tested, however, recommends-if achievement of field tests in stadiums alternative development.?In the comparison of methods for control of grasses, although no significant differences between the herbicides, glyphosate treated plots showed emergence of edaphic species present in the bank while in plots treated with paraquat only shoots were observed.?Overall, practices in the chemical control of grass weeds should be taken to the area to reach the full restoration.?It is recommended the inclusion of other recovery techniques so that there the entry of tree species locally adapted.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Joventino Fernandes Moreira.pdf: 938643 bytes, checksum: b9ddd1b30c4ea4ca7ccd346032713eb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The production of aluminum and alumina generates a great amount of red mud, which is harmful to the environment mainly for its high pH, electric conductivity and concentration of sodium, which restrict plant growth. However, there are some indications that it may be used as a conditioner for acid sandy soils. This work tested a red mud from an alumina production plant by Alumar- S?o Lu?s MA, Brazil as soil conditioner for two acid soil types: sandy and clay soils) and the growth of oil palm hybrids (E. guinensis x E. oleifera) grown in red mud deposition tank vegetated with leguminous trees for 8 years. The red mud was characterized in relation to its physical, chemical and microbial characteristics and tested in two types of soils, a Planossolo and an Argissolo and two bioindicators plants, the grass Brachiaria brizantha and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Bean plants were harvested and brachiaria received a first cut 50 days after planting. A second and third cut were performed in brachiaria 70 and 140 days after the first one. Plant biomass was dried until constant weight and analysed for nutrient content. Number of sprouts of grass was counted at the third harvest. The evaluation of oil palm growth on red mud included eight hybrids between Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guiinensis from Embrapa Amaz?nia Ocidental. breeding program (C2501, C2301, C2328, C3701, C2801, C7201, RUC13 and RUC 87) 12 months after transplanted to a red mud tank vegetated for 8 years with a mixture of nodulated leguminous trees. Diameter at the base of the plants, top diameter, number of leaves, plant height, diazotrophic bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi and nutrient contents were studied on the oil palm plants. Soil fauna and nutrient availability were evaluated in soils under oil palm and in an area with native species nearby the tanks. The addition of small amounts of red mud to the soils increased soil pH. Addition of red mud decreased plant growth in both soils tested with more deleterious effect on bean than on the grass. However the addition of 5 Mg ha-1 of red mud in the sandy acid soil increased the grass biomass at the last harvest in relation to the control. The evaluation of the oil palm in the tanks indicated that hybrid RUC 87 and C7201 presented larger diameter at soil level, plant height and number of leaves. All cultivars and hybrids showed large population of diazotrophic bacteria in their leaves and mycorhizal infection on roots. Similar richness and density of soil fauna was observed in the red mud below the oil palm to that observed in a soil collect in a secondary forest nearby indicating that the vegetation with leguminous trees is returning the ecological processes toward a sustainable system. / O processo de produ??o de alum?nio e alumina gera grande quantidade de res?duo de bauxita, tamb?m chamado red mud (lama vermelha). Este res?duo ? objeto de preocupa??o para o meio ambiente devido as suas caracter?sticas de alto pH e condutividade el?trica, al?m da elevada concentra??o de s?dio, condi??es estas prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento de plantas, tornando dif?cil o manejo desse material e necessitando de grandes ?reas para seu armazenamento. Por outro lado, alguns estudos t?m sido desenvolvidos com aplica??o desse material na agricultura, visando aumentar o pH e disponibilidade de nutrientes e melhorar a reten??o de ?gua para as plantas em solos arenosos. Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de uso do res?duo alcalino do refino de bauxita tratado e n?o tratado com ?gua do mar como condicionador de solos. Para isso os materiais foram caracterizados em aspectos f?sicos, qu?micos e microbiol?gicos e comparados quanto a seus efeitos no solo testando-os sobre dois tipos de solos, um Planossolo e um Argissolo e sobre duas plantas bioindicadoras, a braqui?ria (Brachiaria brizantha) e o feij?o comum (Phaseolus vulgaris). Ap?s 50 dias do experimento, as plantas de feij?o foram colhidas e foi feito o primeiro corte da braqui?ria, as plantas foram secas e pesadas, para a an?lise da massa seca. Contou-se tamb?m o n?mero de perfilhos da braqui?ria e nesta foram feitos mais dois cortes, um aos 120 e o ?ltimo aos 190 dias. Al?m dessa avalia??o foi feito um estudo sobre o desenvolvimento de dend? nos tanques de estocagem do res?duo ap?s 8 anos de implanta??o da revegeta??o com leguminosas arb?reas. Foram utilizadas 8 materiais gen?ticos de Elaeis spp (dend?) recomendados pela Embrapa Amaz?nia Ocidental: C2501, C2301, C2328, C3701, C2801, C7201, RUC13 e RUC87 e avaliados o di?metro do c?lo da planta e da copa, o n?mero de folhas, a altura das plantas, a presen?a de bact?rias diazotr?ficas e fungos micorr?zicos associadas ?s plantas de dend?, a fauna de solo e o estado nutricional das plantas e a fertilidade do solo. Os resultados apresentados indicam que os res?duos foram eficientes na eleva??o do pH do solo, j? com pequenas doses. A leguminosa mostrou-se mais sens?vel que a braqui?ria em rela??o ? salinidade provocada pela adi??o dos res?duos, nos dois tipos de solos, sendo que nessa ?ltima, houve aumento de mat?ria seca de parte a?rea em fun??o das doses dos res?duos n?o tratado e tratado com ?gua do mar at? a dose de 5 Mg ha-1, no Planossolo. Na avalia??o do dend? foi observada uma grande quantidade de bact?rias diazotr?ficas e coloniza??o micorr?zica, independentemente do gen?tipo. Os dados indicam tamb?m um melhor desempenho para os gen?tipos RUC87 e C7201 no que se refere ao di?metro do c?lo e da copa, n?mero de folhas e altura das plantas, apresentando uma maior capacidade de estabelecimento destas cultivares em rela??o ?s demais. No que se refere ? fauna do solo na ?rea de dend?, os seus valores de riqueza de grupos e densidade de indiv?duos foram pr?ximos aos valores encontrados em uma mata secund?ria local o que mostra que a revegeta??o com leguminosa est? sendo eficiente em retomar os processos ecol?gicos e o equil?brio do ecossistema.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-05T19:03:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Bernardo Milward de Azevedo Spinelli.pdf: 2468118 bytes, checksum: 8b86d55b4fe024e0a43e7aca610af976 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T19:03:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Bernardo Milward de Azevedo Spinelli.pdf: 2468118 bytes, checksum: 8b86d55b4fe024e0a43e7aca610af976 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-19 / The Brazilian New Forestry Law establishes a farmer?s commitment with environmental adequacy of its properties. The Permanent Preservation Areas, currently used in the properties with crops and pastures in many cases need to a restauration techniques. The new law allows the exploration of agroforestry systems (AFS) even in areas of permanent preservation, since do not mischaracterize the native preexisting vegetation either not being detrimental to environmental function to protecting water springs, erosion protection and increasing biodiversity. This study aimed to systematize the author's personal experiences with agroforestry systems in the Atlantic Forest domain regions and show different techniques and implantation strategies and management of agroforestry systems that can be employed day to day by farmers, especially the small family farmer. The different AFS deployed were based on biodiversity and plant succession, with low use of inputs and capital resources. The structure of the recommended systems was grounded on labor, family labor, in multistrata systems and the use of common plants in each location with high biomass production potential to enhance nutrient cycling. On average, more than 30 species were introduced in each AFS and the issues related to the choice of species to plant recognizing the soil quality from indicator plants were discussed. In addition, how to plan and distribute the plants in agroforestry designs were also described in detail. The best ways of how to plant and manage, with pruning, different species in biodiverse agroforestry systems included in this dissertation were presented from about 20 years of the author's experience in order to assist all those interested in working with this theme. / O Novo C?digo Florestal estabelece o compromisso por parte dos produtores rurais com a adequa??o ambiental de suas propriedades. As ?reas de Preserva??o Permanente, hoje utilizadas nas propriedades para cultivos agr?colas e pastagens, em muitos casos necessitar?o ser recuperadas. A nova lei permite a explora??o de sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) at? mesmo em ?reas de preserva??o permanente, desde que n?o descaracterize a cobertura vegetal nativa existente e nem prejudique a fun??o ambiental da ?rea, protegendo nascentes, combatendo a eros?o e aumentando a biodiversidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo sistematizar experi?ncias pessoais do autor com sistemas agroflorestais em regi?es de dom?nio da Mata Atl?ntica, mostrando diferentes t?cnicas e estrat?gias de implanta??o e manejo de SAFs que podem ser empregadas no dia a dia dos produtor rural, principalmente, do pequeno agricultor familiar. Os diferentes SAFs implantados foram baseados na biodiversidade e sucess?o vegetal, com baixo uso de insumos e recursos de capital. A estrutura dos sistemas preconizados foi alicer?ada na m?o-de-obra familiar, em multiestratos, na utiliza??o de plantas comuns em cada localidade com potencial de produ??o de biomassa, para intensificar a ciclagem de nutrientes. Em m?dia mais de 30 esp?cies eram introduzidas em cada SAF e as quest?es relacionados com a escolha das esp?cies, onde plantar reconhecendo a qualidade do solo a partir de plantas indicadoras foram abordadas. Al?m disso, como planejar e distribuir as plantas em desenhos agroflorestais tamb?m foram processos detalhadamente descritos. As melhores formas de como plantar e manejar, com podas, as diferentes esp?cies nos SAFs biodiversos constam desta disserta??o e foram apresentados a partir de cerca de 20 anos de experi?ncia do autor com intuito de auxiliar todos aqueles interessados em trabalhar com tem?tica.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-04T21:00:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Joventino Fernandes Moreira.pdf: 3401468 bytes, checksum: 9e89bb418c26be61f0e61413f30a9f7f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T21:00:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Joventino Fernandes Moreira.pdf: 3401468 bytes, checksum: 9e89bb418c26be61f0e61413f30a9f7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / CAPES / Bio-indicators are frequently used for environmental quality studies, monitoring of degraded areas and recovery processes, because they are intimately associated to specific landscape characteristics and respond to environmental changes by alterations in vital functions. In this sense, the study of the behaviour of edaphic organisms can contribute significantly to the evaluation of the environmental quality and to strategies and processes aiming the recovery and rehabilitation of areas affected by some type of degradation. This study aimed monitoring the colonisation by the soil fauna community of areas degraded by bauxite mining activities and revegetated with a mixture of native and leguminous species in the municipality of Porto Trombetas-PA, Brazil. Material was sampled in the years 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2008, in a chronosequence of regenerated areas of bauxite waste covered or not with topsoil, and in plantings in former bauxite tailing ponds. The individuals were captured in pitfall traps and separated in the Laboratory of Soil Fauna of the Embrapa Agrobiologia Research Centre. The evaluated parameters were abundance, richness, Shannon index, Pielou?s equitability index and the colonization patterns of fauna groups. The soil fauna profiles were obtained by nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination, and the response of soil fauna community was evaluated using principal response curves (PRC). The results showed that the time from planting and the nutrient availability were determining factors during the environmental recovery of the system, especially in the bauxite waste areas revegetated in 1984, 1992 and 1994, and in the tailing pond areas that received higher amounts of fertilizers. In these areas, the vegetation development caused a better colonization and structuring of the soil fauna community, increasing its diversity and reestablishing the ecological processes. / Bioindicadores s?o frequentemente utilizados para estudos de avalia??o da qualidade ambiental, como no monitoramento de ?reas degradadas e de processos de recupera??o, uma vez que est?o intimamente associados a caracter?sticas espec?ficas da paisagem e respondem ?s mudan?as ambientais por meio de altera??es na composi??o e estrutura das comunidades. Neste sentido, o estudo do comportamento de organismos ed?ficos pode contribuir significativamente para a avalia??o da qualidade ambiental assim como de estrat?gias e processos destinados ? recupera??o e reabilita??o de ?reas que sofreram algum tipo de degrada??o. Este trabalho teve por objetivo acompanhar a coloniza??o da comunidade da fauna ed?fica em ?reas degradadas pela minera??o de bauxita e revegetadas com a mistura de esp?cies nativas e leguminosas arb?reas e arbustivas em Porto Trombetas-PA. As amostragens foram feitas nos anos 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004 e 2008 em reflorestamentos de diferentes idades plantados sobre material est?ril com e sem cobertura de solo superficial e em plantios em tanque de rejeito da lavagem da bauxita. Os indiv?duos foram capturados em armadilhas do tipo ?pitfall? e triados no Laborat?rio de Fauna de Solo da Embrapa Agrobiologia. Os par?metros usados para avalia??o foram: a abund?ncia, a riqueza, o ?ndice de diversidade Shannon, o ?ndice de Equabilidade de Pielou e o padr?o de coloniza??o dos indiv?duos da fauna do solo. Os perfis da fauna do solo foram obtidos pelo ordenamento multivariado atrav?s da t?cnica de escalonamento multidimensional n?o m?trico (NMS) e a resposta da comunidade de fauna ed?fica ?s varia??es ambientais foram avaliadas por meio de curvas de respostas principais (PRC). Os resultados mostraram que a idade do plantio e a disponibilidade de nutrientes foram fatores determinantes na recomposi??o da comunidade de fauna de solo, a qual foi maior nos reflorestamentos de 1984, 1992 e 1994 no est?ril e nas ?reas do tanque de rejeito que receberam maiores quantidades de fertilizantes. Nessas ?reas, o desenvolvimento da vegeta??o levou ? maior coloniza??o e a melhor estrutura??o da comunidade de fauna ed?fica, aumentando a sua diversidade e o restabelecimento de processos ecol?gicos.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-12-18T18:25:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) mariana_generoso_ferreira.pdf: 1487910 bytes, checksum: 5d8038ca69034b764ba796a3a18d0907 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-03T17:13:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) mariana_generoso_ferreira.pdf: 1487910 bytes, checksum: 5d8038ca69034b764ba796a3a18d0907 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-03T17:13:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) mariana_generoso_ferreira.pdf: 1487910 bytes, checksum: 5d8038ca69034b764ba796a3a18d0907 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / O agricultor deve adequar-se ?s exig?ncias da nova legisla??o ambiental brasileira, quanto ? recupera??o de ?reas de preserva??o permanente e reserva legal. Um dos problemas que o produtor pode enfrentar ? a recupera??o de ?reas degradadas, que podem conter, entre outros contaminantes, res?duos de herbicidas. O 2,4-D e picloram s?o herbicidas hormonais mimetizadores de auxina. Entre os grupos vegetais, as esp?cies das matas ciliares t?m sido pouco relatadas quanto aos efeitos de res?duos desses herbicidas no ambiente. As an?lises micromorfol?gicas e micromorfom?tricas s?o ferramentas importantes no aux?lio do diagn?stico precoce da inj?ria, visto que modifica??es vis?veis podem aparecer em fase tardia da intoxica??o. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de dez esp?cies arb?reas em substrato com res?duos da mistura de herbicidas 2,4-D+picloram e verificar os efeitos nas modifica??es anat?micas foliares de Mabea fistulifera e Zeyheria tuberculosa. Em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com tr?s repeti??es, foram distribu?dos 40 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 4x10. O primeiro fator foi composto por quatro doses da mistura comercial de 2,4-D+picloram correspondentes a 0,00; 0,166; 0,333 e 0,666 g ha-1 (Tordon?, contendo 240 g de 2,4-D e 64 g de picloram por litro). O segundo fator foi composto por dez esp?cies arb?reas: Machaerium opacum Vogel, Machaerium nyctitans (Vell.) Benth., Cassia ferruginea (Schrad.) Schrad. ex DC., Senna macranthera (DC. ex. Collad.) H.S. Irwin e Barnaby, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.), Brenan, Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton e Rose, Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr., Dalbergia villosa (Benth.) Benth., Mabea fistulifera Mart. e Zeyheria tuberculosa (Vell) Bureau ex Verl. Avalia??es morfol?gicas e anat?micas em plantas jovens foram realizadas conforme a metodologia padr?o. Para as vari?veis morfol?gicas das dez esp?cies arb?reas foram avaliados: intoxica??o, sobreviv?ncia, altura das pl?ntulas, n?mero de folhas, ?rea foliar, massa seca da parte a?rea e da raiz, di?metro do caule, o volume da raiz, o ?ndice de velocidade de emerg?ncia e a emerg?ncia. Por meio de avalia??es micromorfom?tricas foram medidas, na sec??o transversal das folhas de Mabea fistulifera e Zeyheria tuberculosa, a espessura dos tecidos, a epiderme adaxial e abaxial, par?nquima pali??dico e lacunoso, al?m da l?mina total. Para a ?rea foliar foram realizadas fotografias das folhas e mensuradas com aux?lio do software Image K. As esp?cies arb?reas sobreviveram ? aplica??o do produto, com varia??o na sensibilidade. Os res?duos da mistura dos herbicidas prejudicaram a maioria das esp?cies testadas em rela??o ?s avalia??es do desenvolvimento inicial. M. fistulifera, P. gonoacantha e Z. tuberculosa apresentaram maior toler?ncia ? mistura de herbicidas. Em rela??o ? anatomia e ?rea foliar, de maneira geral, a esp?cie Z. tuberculosa foi afetada negativamente pelos herbicidas. M. fistulifera se mostrou mais tolerante ? presen?a dos contaminantes. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The farmer must adapt to the requirements of the new brazilian environmental legislation, regarding the recovery of permanent preservation areas and legal reserve. One of the problems that the producer may face is the recovery of degraded areas, which may contain, among other contaminants, herbicide residues. 2,4-D and picloram are auxin mimicking hormonal herbicides. Among the plant groups, the species of the riparian forests have been little reported as to the effects of residues of these herbicides on the environment. Micromorphological and micromorphometric analyzes are important tools to aid in the early diagnosis of injury, since visible changes may appear in the later stages of intoxication. The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial development of ten substrate tree species with residues from of the 2,4-D + picloram herbicide mixture and to verify the effects on the anatomical modifications of Mabea fistulifera and Zeyheria tuberculosa. In a randomized block design with three replicates, 40 treatments were distributed in a 4x10 factorial scheme. The first factor was composed of four doses of the commercial mixture of 2,4-D + picloram corresponding to 0,00; 0,166; 0,336 and 0,666 g ha-1 (Tordon?, containing 240 g of 2,4-D and 64 g of picloram per liter). The second factor was composed of ten tree species: Machaerium opacum Vogel, Machaerium nyctitans (Vell.) Benth., Cassia ferruginea (Schrad.) Schrad. ex DC., Senna macranthera (DC. ex. Collad.) H.S. Irwin e Barnaby, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.), Brenan, Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton e Rose, Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr., Dalbergia villosa (Benth.) Benth., Mabea fistulifera Mart. and Zeyheria tuberculosa (Vell) Bureau ex Verl. Morphological and anatomical evaluations in young plants were performed according to the standard methodology. For the morphological variables of the ten tree species were evaluated: intoxication, survival, seedling height, number of leaves, leaf area, dry mass of shoot and root, stem diameter, root volume, emergency speed index and emergency. Through micromorphometric evaluations, tissue thickness, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, pali?adic and lacunacetic parenchyma were measured, in the cross section of the leaves of Mabea fistulifera and Zeyheria tuberculosa, in addition to the total lamina. For leaf area, leaf photographs were taken and measured using Image K software. Tree species survived the application of the product, with variation in sensitivity. Residues of the herbicide mixture adversely affected most of the tested species in relation to initial developmental assessments. M. fistulifera, P. gonoacantha and Z. tuberculosa presented greater tolerance to the herbicide mixture. In relation to the anatomy and leaf area, in general, the species Z. tuberculosa was negatively affected by the herbicides. M. fistulifera was more tolerant to the presence of contaminants.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:56:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Priscila Nogueira Matos.pdf: 1723305 bytes, checksum: 89e42c980c370e9eec2db3e9b08306ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The Mining is considered the activity can cause a great impact in the environment, involving the vegetation and subsoil layers remove. After the finish of mineral sources, mandatorily these areas require recovery measures. This study aimed to evaluate the initial establishment of three genotypes of palm oil: C2501, C2301 and C2528, indicated by Embrapa Amaz?nia ocidental, in area of mining in the northwest Par?. Was also evaluated the soil fauna, the occurrence of nitrogen fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with culture. The establishment of culture was evaluated for survival, height, number of leaves and nutritional status of plants and soil fertility. The impact on soil fauna was evaluated with samples in the experimental area and in areas of reforestation and forest adjacent to it. To determine the presence of mycorrhizal fungi and diazotrophic bacteria samples were taken from roots and soil in the palm oil. The amount of the plant N derived from BNF was determined with the natural abundance of 15N technique. The mortality of the plants was low, but growth was not strong, this may be related to low P in soil and periods of drought. In this initial stage of establishing the symbiosis with diazotrophic bacteria was inefficient where only the genotypes C2501 and C2528 were 4,5 and 4,8% respectively of N derived from BNF, with great variability in the population of bacteria. The mycorrhizal fungi no showed differences in sampled areas and this result may be related to water deficit and sampling period in the dry season. The composition of soil fauna not differ in the areas of palm oil plantation with and without green manure, and conventional reforestation, however not present the same diversity of the forest. / A minera??o ? considerada uma atividade econ?mica que causa um grande impacto ao ambiente, envolvendo a retirada da vegeta??o e camadas do subsolo. Ap?s a exaust?o dos recursos minerais, estas ?reas necessitam obrigatoriamente de medidas de recupera??o. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o estabelecimento inicial de tr?s gen?tipos de dend?: C2501, C2301 e C2528, indicados pela Embrapa Amaz?nia Ocidental, em ?reas de est?ril da Minera??o de bauxita no noroeste do Par?. Foram avaliados tamb?m a fauna do solo, a ocorr?ncia de bact?rias fixadoras de nitrog?nio e fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares associados ? cultura. O estabelecimento da cultura foi avaliado pela sobreviv?ncia, altura, n?mero de folhas e estado nutricional das plantas, e a fertilidade do solo. O impacto na fauna do solo foi avaliado na ?rea experimental e em ?reas de floresta prim?ria e reflorestamento adjacentes a este. A presen?a de bact?rias diazotr?ficas e fungos micorr?zicos foram determinadas em amostras de ra?zes e solo na ?rea do dend?. A quantidade de N na planta derivado da FBN foi determinada pela t?cnica de abund?ncia natural de 15N. A mortalidade das plantas foi considerada baixa apesar de seu crescimento n?o ter sido vigoroso podendo este estar relacionado ao baixo teor de P no solo e aos per?odos de stress h?drico por falta de ?gua. Neste est?gio inicial de implanta??o a simbiose com bact?rias diazotr?ficas foi pouco eficiente onde apenas os gen?tipos C2501 e C2528 tiveram 4,5 e 4,8% respectivamente de N derivado da FBN, com grande variabilidade na popula??o de bact?rias. Os fungos micorr?zicos n?o apresentaram diferen?as nas ?reas analisadas, tal resultado pode estar relacionado com a defici?ncia h?drica e o per?odo de coleta na ?poca seca. A composi??o da fauna do solo nas ?reas de plantio de dend? com e sem aduba??o n?o diferiram entre si e em rela??o ao reflorestamento convencional, n?o apresentando, entretanto a mesma diversidade da floresta prim?ria.