Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1099940 bytes, checksum: 4201d6b375ef5db9b6cdd65ed74e0fd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Study of the concepts, goals, deadlines and relevant instruments to Law 12.305 of 2010 that establishes the National Policy of Solid Waste ( PNRS ) in Brazil and its application, considering the challenges to consolidate a new reality of sustainable growth from the production of less waste, either in the manufacturing process or even in domestic consumption , extending the life cycle of products and allowing the country to definitely assume a sustainable development agenda. Assuming that the implementation of this Public Environmental Policy can mean the realization of new paradigms of development with sustainability as advocates Agenda 21, it has been sought beneath the perspective of economic law to highlight the legal implications from the concepts of the State of Social Welfare and Sustainable Development in Brazil. The legislation analysis indicates the importance of the principles of precaution and prevention within the framework of legal protection and the sharing of responsibilities in environmental management. Taking as parameter the management and implementation of PNRS in João Pessoa -PB and the experience in Brazil of selective collection with scavengers of recycled material. The local collection program and the challenges to have a sustainable collection program has been described, which facilitates the full operation of the reverse logistics and selective collection systems with social and economic inclusion of the scavengers of recycled material and the application of sectoral agreements and responsability pos - demand, causing a change in patterns of production and consumption . / Estudo dos conceitos, metas, prazos e instrumentos pertinentes a Lei 12.305 de 2010 que institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) no Brasil e da sua aplicação considerando os desafios para consolidar uma nova realidade de crescimento sustentável a partir da produção de menos resíduos, seja no processo industrial ou mesmo no consumo doméstico, ampliando o ciclo de vida dos produtos e permitindo ao país assumir definitivamente uma agenda de desenvolvimento sustentável. Partindo da premissa que a implantação dessa Política Pública Ambiental pode significar a concretização de novos paradigmas de desenvolvimento com sustentabilidade como preconiza a Agenda 21 , buscou-se sob a ótica do Direito Econômico destacar as implicações jurídicas a partir dos conceitos do Estado de Bem Estar Social e de Desenvolvimento Sustentável no Brasil. A análise da legislação indica a importância dos princípios da precaução e da prevenção no âmbito da proteção jurídica e do compartilhamento de responsabilidades na gestão ambiental. Tomando como parâmetro a gestão e aplicação da PNRS no município de João Pessoa-PB e a experiência no Brasil da coleta seletiva com os catadores de material reciclado. Descrito o programa local de coleta e os desafios para um programa de coleta sustentável, que viabilize o pleno funcionamento dos sistemas de logística reversa e coleta seletiva com a inclusão socioeconômica dos catadores de materiais recicláveis e a aplicação dos acordos setoriais e da responsabilidade pós-consumo, provocando uma mudança nos padrões de produção e consumo.

Face à la forte croissance démographique et spatiale de la ville d'Abomey-Calavi, l'augmentation qualitative et quantitative des déchets solides ménagers, la pratique de plus en plus généralisée du remblai des bas fonds par les déchets solides ménagers, l'inexistence des décharges intermédiaires et finales autorisées et, la fragilité de la nappe phréatique de par sa faible profondeur, il est impérieux que les actions idoines soient entreprises en vue d'une gestion efficace et pérenne des DSM de cette ville. L'objectif de cette étude a été, donc, de proposer une filière efficace et pérenne de gestion des déchets solides ménagers de la ville d'Abomey-Calavi afin de contribuer à la réduction des flux de ses déchets.La connaissance du gisement des déchets solides ménagers, dans son approche sociologique et qualitative en termes de composition étant la première étape dans la mise en oeuvre efficace d'une filière de gestion des déchets. Une enquête sociologique a été faite auprès de 200 personnes, actrices à différents niveaux de la gestion des DSM de la ville d'Abomey-Calavi. De même, le présent travail a, d'une part procédé à une caractérisation des déchets solides ménagers en fonction du standing et de la saison, d'autre part étudié l'impact des déchets solides ménagers sur les eaux des puits situés sur les bas fonds et, enfin s'en est suivi des essais de fabrication de compost en fonction des différents constituants. Nos résultats ont révélé qu'indépendamment du standing de vie, les quantités de déchets solides ménagers produits sont plus élevées les week-ends et particulièrement, le dimanche où elles sont le double des quantités produites les autres jours de la semaine. / Considering the, (i) high population and spatial growth of the Abomey-Calavi city (Benin), (ii) qualitative and quantitative increase of the household solid waste in the town of Abomey - Calavi, (iii) a more and more generalized practice of embankment of wet zones by household solid waste (HSW), (iv) non-existence of municipal landfills and, (v) fragility of the groundwater due to its weak depth, it's necessary that appropriate actions are achieved with the aim of an effective and long-term management of the household solid waste. The aim of this study was to propose an effective and long-term plan of management of Abomey-Calavi HSW. Knowledge of household-solid-waste quality and sociological point of view are the first step in an effective implementation of waste management spinneret. A sociological investigation was made with 200 persons, dealing on various levels with solid wastes in the Abomey-Calavi city. Also, the present study has, on one hand, characterized HSW according to standing of life and season, on the other hand, has investigated the impact of the HSW on waters of wells located in waste-impacted zones and, finally carried out tests of composting taking in account various compositions. Our results revealed that whatever the standing of life, the production of household solid wastes is more important during weekends and specially, on Sundays: twice more larger than those produced the other days of the week. About 0.89 kg of HSW per capita is produced on average every day. The management of HSW in Abomey - Calavi city, which can be termed pre-collection-based, is felt as bad by 80 % of HSW-careers and 50 % of the town council investigated employees.