The retraction affects the setting process and the useful life of the concrete with the appearance of fissures; in last year's studies and methods have been generated to mitigate and control it with the use of different products and applications. The development of road infrastructure with the use of concrete as a rolling folder, requires methods to guarantee the durability and reduce the effects of the efforts incorporated by the use, climatic conditions, support base and restrictions of movement of the structure. To evaluate the effects of recycled synthetic polypropylene fibers in plastic retraction tests (ASTM C 1579), 3 mix designs were prepared with different ratios 58 gr., 116 gr., and 176 gr. of recycled and virgin synthetic fibers; the most significant and positive result to reduce fissures without affecting the resistance of concrete by bending and compression, was 0.50 mm without addition fibers, 0.10 mm and 0.15 mm with 176 gr. of virgin and recycled synthetic fibers. Finally, it can be concluded that adding a ratio of 4 kg per m3 allows good workability, in addition, the costs of the fibers are not representative compared to the high costs for future repairs.

The aim of this study was to improve the mechanical properties of a recycled grade polypropylene. Polymer blends and nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding method in a twin screw extruder. Cloisite&reg / 15A, Cloisite&reg / 25A and Cloisite&reg / 30B were used as organoclays, and ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA) and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-MAH) were used as compatibilizers. The effects of additive concentrations, types of organoclays and compatibilizers, processing conditions, and the compatibilizer to organoclay ratio on the morphology and mechanical, thermal and flow properties were investigated. Organoclay loading over 2 wt% prevented the intercalation mechanism and material properties, even in the presence of compatibilizer, as a consequence of large clay agglomerate formation. E-MA-GMA compatibilizer improved the intercalation ability of the polymer / however a substantial increase in mechanical properties was not obtained. PP-MAH is found to be a better compatibilizer. Processing conditions significantly affected both mechanical properties and morphology. When the processing temperature was decreased and screw speed was increased simultaneously, tensile and impact properties were improved owing to enhanced shear and dispersive forces. TEM analysis revealed that intercalated and delaminated structures were formed with the addition of PP-MAH compatibilizer. In addition to that, as the ratio of PP-MAH to organoclay was increased, more effective dispersion of organoclay was observed and hence resultant improvements in both tensile and impact properties were greater at compatibilizer to organoclay ratio of three. Cloisite&reg / 15A exhibited the highest improvements in mechanical properties, although the degree of organoclay dispersion was better for Cloisite&reg / 25A and particularly for Cloisite&reg / 30B. Melt flow index values were lower compared to pure recycled polypropylene in the presence of organoclay and compatibilizers. DSC analysis indicated no significant change in the melting behavior of the matrix materials.

Gradativamente, os materiais poliméricos passaram a ter uma importância maior para as indústrias do setor automobilístico. O aumento do uso de materiais poliméricos está em desencontro com as questões ambientais, quando leva em consideração o destino final a ser dado para as peças produzidas em materiais poliméricos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar resultados de ensaios utilizando misturas de polipropileno reciclado com polipropileno virgem, aplicados à produção de peças de envoltórios de rodas automotivas. Foram utilizados dois fornecedores para o polipropileno virgem, quatro fornecedores para o polipropileno reciclado e dois fornecedores de masterbatch. Concluiu-se que o uso de polipropileno reciclado para a produção de envoltório de rodas é possível sem prejuízo ao desempenho do produto final. As amostras contendo o material PPR4 do (polipropileno reciclado 4) do fornecedor de polipropileno reciclado 4, com misturas até 50%, apresentaram desempenho funcional que satisfazem às exigências da indústria automotivas, montagem sem restrições no dispositivo dimensional, sem quebras no ensaio de resistência ao impacto por queda de esfera. O material PPR4 quando misturado a um masterbatch com modificador de impacto e antioxidante, MB1, do fornecedor de masterbatch 1, apresentou valores médios acima de 18kJ/m para o ensaio de resistência ao impacto Charpy, e para o ensaio de resistência a termooxidação suportou mais que 200h. Resultados que evidenciam a possibilidade do uso de polipropileno reciclado na produção de envoltórios de roda. Portanto, este estudo visa fornecer uma contribuição para o aumento do uso de material reciclado dentro da indústria automotiva. / Gradually, the polymeric materials have been given greater importance for the automotive industry. The increasing use of polymeric materials is in disagreement with environmental issues, while taking into account the final destination to be given for parts produced in polymeric materials. This paper aims to present results of tests using mixtures of recycled polypropylene with virgin polypropylene, used to produce parts of wraps of automotive wheels. We used two suppliers for the virgin polypropylene, four suppliers for recycled polypropylene and two suppliers of masterbatch. It is concluded that the use of recycled polypropylene to produce wheel wrap is possible without detriment to the final product performance. The samples containing the material PPR4 (recycled polypropylene 4), of the supplier for recycled polypropylene 4, with mixtures of up to 50% showed functional performance that meets the requirements of the automotive industry, assembly unrestricted dimensional device, without breaks in the trial of impact resistance by falling ball. The material PPR4 when mixed with a masterbatch with an impact modifier and antioxidant, MB1, supplier of masterbatch 1, showed values above 18kJ/m for the testing of Charpy impact strength, and to test for resistance to thermo-oxidation endured more than 200h. Results show that the possibility of using recycled polypropylene in the production of wheel wraps. Therefore, this study aims to provide a contribution to the increased use of recycled material in the automotive industry.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:36:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson Donizete Alves da Rosa.pdf: 2211851 bytes, checksum: ddc079d1d3a7fdfc01e60d2071aa7c25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-10 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The large-scale production of plastics increased to 200 million tonnes in the world, in 2005. This represents a considerable increase in annual productions of 9.9% since 1950. A considerable part of these synthetic polymers, 36% focused on Asia and Oceania, followed by Europe and America with 29%. The production volume of the Middle East and Africa had a stake of 6%. These raw materials are used for a very short period of time and generate a significant volume of discarding. Even with a considerable development of lines of management of discarding, its treatment and disposal problems still arise from the difficulty in reuse packaging such as where they are generated, either by the state of cleanliness in which they are discarded, either by multi-material composition which is used to produce them. This paper seeks the use of natural fiber as a reinforcing and modifier in mechanical properties in the composite of recycled polypropylene. Through the begin process of incorporation of fibers to the matrix polymer (calendering), it was followed by extrusion in order to better mix the composite formed. After its extrusion, the pellets were subjected to the injection process to obtain the bodies of evidence for the trials of characterization. The samples were then carried out the tests of traction, bending by three points, hardness and resistance to impact. The viscometer properties of the composite were evaluated by the rate of flow. The work shows that different amounts of jute fiber incorporated into the matrix of recycled polypropylene, and the treatments in both the polypropylene fiber as in, change their characteristics thereby different properties studied. / A larga escala de produção de plásticos elevou-se para 200 milhões de toneladas no mundo, no ano de 2005. Isso representa um aumento considerável na produções anuais de 9,9%, desde 1950. Uma parte considerável destes polímeros sintéticos, 36% concentrou-se na Ásia e Oceania, seguidas pela Europa e América com 29%. O volume de produção do Oriente Médio e África tiveram uma participação de 6%. Estas matérias-primas são utilizadas por um período de tempo bastante curto e geram um volume de descartes importante. Mesmo com um desenvolvimento considerável de linhas de gestão dos descartes, seu tratamento e sua eliminação colocam ainda problemas provenientes da dificuldade em reutilizar tais embalagens na forma em que são geradas, seja pelo estado de limpeza em que são descartadas, seja pela composição multi-material que é utilizada para sua produção. O presente trabalho pesquisou o emprego de uma fibra natural como reforçadora e modificadora nas propriedades mecânicas na matriz de polipropileno reciclado. Por meio do processo inicial de incorporação das fibras à matriz o polímero (calandragem), foram seguidas de extrusão com o objetivo de homogeneizar melhor o compósito formado. Após sua extrusão, o material granulado foi submetido ao processo de injeção para obtenção dos corpos de prova para os ensaios de caracterização. Os corpos de prova foram então caracterizados através dos ensaios de tração, flexão por três pontos, dureza e resistência ao impacto. As propriedades viscosimétricas do compósito foram avaliadas por meio do índice de fluidez. O trabalho mostra que diferentes quantidades de fibra de juta incorporadas à matriz de polipropileno reciclado, bem como os tratamentos tanto na fibra de juta quanto no polipropileno, modificam suas características obtendo assim diferentes resultados nas propriedades estudadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:36:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Vicente Forestieri Fernandes.pdf: 3433992 bytes, checksum: 0bc6007ed63ec4c257f1064d9e03e6cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-06 / This paper discusses a study to prepare a composite of recycled polypropylene with recycled polyurethane, from manufacturing flexible foam waste, used for making mattresses and upholstery. Searches about using these materials on office chairs design, recycling and about aplying these materials on product design. Are done mechanical, thermal and rheologic tests of pure polypropylene, recycled polypropylene and the new compound with addition of recycled polyurethane in proportions 10%, 20%, 40% and 50% to characterize and compare materials. The results presents PU influences on both compounds, but with higher influence on recycled polypropylene base. PU filler increased composite viscosity related to original polymers and decreased plastic deformation before break. Besides not to contain a detailed economic viability study, this work showed technical possibility to develop a polymer composite using PU from flexible foam waste. / O presente trabalho abordou um estudo de elaboração de um composto de polipropileno reciclado com reciclado de poliuretano, proveniente de retalhos de fabricação de espuma flexível, utilizada para a confecção de colchões e estofados. Foram realizadas pesquisas sobre a utilização desses materiais na confecção de cadeiras de escritório, a reciclagem de materiais e a utilização desses materiais no design de produtos. Foram realizados ensaios mecânicos, térmicos e reológicos, de polipropileno virgem, de polipropileno reciclado, e do composto de polipropileno reciclado com poliuretano e polipropileno virgem com poliuretano, nas proporções 10% e 20%, 40% e 50% a fim de caracterizar e comparar os materiais compostos obtidos. Os resultados indicaram a influência da carga de PU em ambos compostos, porém com maior influência nos de matriz de polipropileno reciclado. A carga aumentou a viscosidade dos compostos em relação às matrizes originais e também diminuíram a deformação plástica antes da ruptura. Apesar de não contar com um estudo detalhado de viabilidade econômica, o estudo aponta a possibilidade técnica de desenvolver um composto polimérico de polipropileno com carga de PU proveniente de retalhos de espuma flexível.

La retracción es un fenómeno que afecta el proceso de fraguado y la vida útil del concreto con la aparición de fisuras; en los últimos años se han generado estudios y métodos para mitigarlo y controlarlo con el uso de diferentes productos y métodos. El desarrollo de infraestructuras viales con el uso de concreto como carpeta de rodadura, requiere de métodos para garantizar la durabilidad y disminuir las afectaciones por los esfuerzos incorporados por el uso, condiciones climáticas, base de soporte y restricciones de movimiento de la estructura. A pesar del conocimiento de este fenómeno, existe poco desarrollo técnico para medirla, estudiarla y controlarla. Por lo descrito anteriormente, surge la necesidad de investigar, ampliar el conocimiento y buscar métodos experimentales para medir y comprender el comportamiento de la contracción en el concreto usado en pavimentos. El proyecto de investigación académica busca evaluar los efectos de las fibras sintéticas recicladas de polipropileno en los ensayos de contracción- retracción plástica (ASTM C 1579), y se plantea la preparación de 3 diseños de mezclas con diferentes relaciones de fibras sintéticas recicladas y vírgenes. Existen otros métodos de evaluación (contracción libre y contracción restringida) para precisar los efectos de las fibras sintéticas en la aparición de fisuras en estado plástico y endurecido, quedarán propuestos para realizar las demostraciones en futuras investigaciones. / Use of synthetic fibers of recycled polypropylene to control the fissures generated by retraction in concrete pavements in Lima. The retraction is a phenomenon that affects the setting process and the life of the concrete with the appearance of cracks; In recent years, studies and methods have been generated to mitigate and control it with the use of different products and methods. The development of road infrastructures with the use of concrete as a rolling folder requires methods to guarantee durability and reduce the effects of the efforts incorporated by the use, climatic conditions, support base and movement restrictions of the structure. Despite the knowledge of this phenomenon, there is little technical development to measure, study and control it. As described above, the need arises to investigate, expand knowledge and seek experimental methods to measure and understand the behavior of contraction in the concrete used in pavements. The academic research project seeks to evaluate the effects of recycled synthetic fibers of polypropylene in the contraction-plastic shrinkage tests (ASTM C 1579), and the preparation of 3 designs of mixtures with different ratios of recycled and virgin synthetic fibers is proposed. There are other methods of evaluation (free contraction and restricted contraction) to specify the effects of synthetic fibers in the appearance of cracks in plastic and hardened state, will be proposed to perform the demonstrations in future research / Tesis