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An economic analysis of 1980 international trade in jute with special reference to PakistanKhan, Anwar S. January 1972 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
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An investigation of the effect of machine and yarn parameters on the strength of tufted jute fabric.Bates, Martin Richard January 1969 (has links)
No description available.
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The relationship between the fabric construction and the tuftability of jute carpet backing fabrics.Ko, Frank Koon-Fun January 1971 (has links)
No description available.
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Natural fiber reinforced structural insulated panels for panelized constructionKalyankar, Rahul R. January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 21, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-72).
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Aproveitamento do copolímero ABS reciclado na moldagem de compósitos com fibras de juta e avaliação de propriedades / Reuse of recycled ABS copolymer in the moldin of composites with jutes fibers and properties evaluationHosokawa, Meire Noriko 13 March 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / In a technology-driven society, the increase of electrical and electronic equipment consumption has been a matter of concern in relation to its management, since the expectation is that the quantity of electrical and electronic waste (WEEE) produced worldwide will reach 49.8 million tonnes by 2018. The reprocessing of WEEE is an alternative to reduce the environmental impact caused by improper disposal. In this work, composites using recycled ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) copolymer from WEEE were developed, reinforced with jute fiber fabrics. These materials were molded by compression molding in a hydraulic press in order to evaluate mechanical properties (flexural, tensile and impact strength), melt flow index, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA/DTG) and fracture analysis by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) after mechanical tests. It was observed in the thermal analysis that adding jute fiber fabric caused a decrease in the thermal stability of the composites in relation to the matrix. By mechanical properties, it was verified that, by adding jute fiber fabrics, an increase in flexural and tensile strength occurred up to 13% and 9%, respectively. In addition, it was observed in the impact test for notched specimens that no chances occurred in the maximum strength value about 100 J/m, which is a positive result, since recycled materials tend to present lower impact strength values. Fracture analyzes of the materials demonstrated that the incorporation of the jute fiber fabrics improved the molding process and compaction of recycled ABS. Thus, the incorporation of jute fiber fabric in recycled ABS demonstrated satisfactory results, enabling the substitution of synthetic materials in composites. In addition, recycling of ABS promotes the volume reduction of this type of discarded polymer and its reinsertion in productive chain, aiming, for example, new products such as panels, furniture, shoe soles and automotive components. / Em uma sociedade cada vez mais conectada, o crescente consumo de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos tem sido motivo de preocupação em relação à sua gestão, principalmente, porque a expectativa é que até 2018, a quantidade de resíduos de equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos (REEE) produzidos mundialmente alcance 49,8 milhões de toneladas. O reprocessamento dos REEE é uma alternativa à diminuição do impacto ambiental causado pelo seu descarte em locais inadequados. Assim, neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos compósitos utilizando o copolímero ABS (acrilonitrila-butadieno-estireno) reciclado proveniente de REEE, reforçados com tecidos de fibras de juta. Estes materiais foram moldados por compressão a quente em prensa hidráulica para a avaliação das propriedades mecânicas (flexão, tração e impacto), índice de fluidez, análise térmica por Termogravimetria (TG/DTG) e análise de fratura por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), após ensaios mecânicos. Foi observado, através da análise térmica, que a incorporação do tecido de fibras de juta ocasionou diminuição na estabilidade térmica dos compósitos em relação à matriz. Em relação às propriedades mecânicas foi verificado que a incorporação do tecido de fibras de juta ocasionou aumento na resistência à flexão e à tração, de 13% e 9%, respectivamente. Além disso, foi observado no ensaio de impacto das amostras entalhadas que praticamente não houve alteração no valor da resistência ao impacto, em torno de 100 J/m, que é um resultado positivo, pois materiais reciclados tendem a apresentar menores valores de resistência ao impacto. As análises da fratura dos materiais demonstraram que a incorporação dos tecidos de fibras de juta, melhoraram a moldagem e a compactação do ABS reciclado. Neste sentido, a incorporação do tecido de fibras de juta no ABS reciclado demonstrou resultados satisfatórios, viabilizando a substituição de materiais sintéticos em compósitos. Além disso, a reciclagem do ABS promove a redução no volume deste tipo de polímero descartado e reinserção do mesmo na cadeira produtiva visando, por exemplo, a confecção de novos produtos como painéis, móveis, solado de calçados e componentes automotivos.
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Estudo da incorporação da fibra de juta como modificadora nas propriedades mecânicas do polipropileno recicladoRosa, Anderson Donizete Alves da 10 August 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-08-10 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The large-scale production of plastics increased to 200 million tonnes in the world, in 2005. This represents a considerable increase in annual productions of 9.9% since 1950. A considerable part of these synthetic polymers, 36% focused on Asia and Oceania, followed by Europe and America with 29%. The production volume of the Middle East and Africa had a stake of 6%. These raw materials are used for a very short period of time and generate a significant volume of discarding. Even with a considerable development of lines of management of discarding, its treatment and disposal problems still arise from the difficulty in reuse packaging such as where they are generated, either by the state of cleanliness in which they are discarded, either by multi-material composition which is used to produce them. This paper seeks the use of natural fiber as a reinforcing and modifier in mechanical properties in the composite of recycled polypropylene. Through the begin process of incorporation of fibers to the matrix polymer (calendering), it was followed by extrusion in order to better mix the composite formed. After its extrusion, the pellets were subjected to the injection process to obtain the bodies of evidence for the trials of characterization. The samples were then carried out the tests of traction, bending by three points, hardness and resistance to impact. The viscometer properties of the composite were evaluated by the rate of flow. The work shows that different amounts of jute fiber incorporated into the matrix of recycled polypropylene, and the treatments in both the polypropylene fiber as in, change their characteristics thereby different properties studied. / A larga escala de produção de plásticos elevou-se para 200 milhões de toneladas no mundo, no ano de 2005. Isso representa um aumento considerável na produções anuais de 9,9%, desde 1950. Uma parte considerável destes polímeros sintéticos, 36% concentrou-se na Ásia e Oceania, seguidas pela Europa e América com 29%. O volume de produção do Oriente Médio e África tiveram uma participação de 6%. Estas matérias-primas são utilizadas por um período de tempo bastante curto e geram um volume de descartes importante. Mesmo com um desenvolvimento considerável de linhas de gestão dos descartes, seu tratamento e sua eliminação colocam ainda problemas provenientes da dificuldade em reutilizar tais embalagens na forma em que são geradas, seja pelo estado de limpeza em que são descartadas, seja pela composição multi-material que é utilizada para sua produção. O presente trabalho pesquisou o emprego de uma fibra natural como reforçadora e modificadora nas propriedades mecânicas na matriz de polipropileno reciclado. Por meio do processo inicial de incorporação das fibras à matriz o polímero (calandragem), foram seguidas de extrusão com o objetivo de homogeneizar melhor o compósito formado. Após sua extrusão, o material granulado foi submetido ao processo de injeção para obtenção dos corpos de prova para os ensaios de caracterização. Os corpos de prova foram então caracterizados através dos ensaios de tração, flexão por três pontos, dureza e resistência ao impacto. As propriedades
viscosimétricas do compósito foram avaliadas por meio do índice de fluidez. O trabalho mostra que diferentes quantidades de fibra de juta incorporadas à matriz de polipropileno reciclado, bem como os tratamentos tanto na fibra de juta quanto no polipropileno, modificam suas características obtendo assim diferentes resultados nas propriedades estudadas.
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Mechanical Characterization of Adhesively Bonded Jute Composite Joints under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading ConditionsMittal, Anshul January 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Fiber-reinforced composites comprise an important class of lightweight materials which are finding increasing applications in engineering structures including body components of automobiles and aircraft. Traditionally, synthetic fibers made of glass, carbon, etc. along with a polymeric resin have constituted the most common composites. However, due to environmental concern, occupational health safety considerations, higher cost, etc., research has been focused on substituting synthetic fibers, especially glass fibers with safer, economic and biodegradable natural fibers. Due to the ease of availability and affordability in terms of cost, woven jute mats, among a wide variety of natural fiber-based reinforcements, offer a good choice in combination with a suitable resin such as polyester or epoxy for fabrication of composite laminates. In structural applications, joining of parts made of jute fiber-reinforced composites (JFRCs) would be a natural requirement. Alternatives to joining processes for metals such as welding, riveting, etc. are required for composites. A joining process of high potential is adhesive bonding which has the advantages of reducing stress concentration, permitting fastening of dissimilar materials, etc.
In the present study, adhesively bonded joints of JFRCs and their mechanical behavior are investigated under quasi-static and cyclic loading conditions. Initially, characterization of substrates is carried out under monotonic loading. This is followed by determination of stress-
Strain curves, failure load and mean shear strength of bonded joints as functions of joint curing temperature and overlap length using a two-part structural epoxy adhesive. All tests are carried out according to relevant ASTM standards. It has been observed that higher curing temperatures give rise to only marginally high failure load and mean shear stress at failure compared to curing at room temperature. For a given curing temperature, failure load increases while mean shear strength decreases with respect to overlap length in both types of joints.
As fatigue failure is a crucial consideration in design, the behavior of adhesively bonded JFRC joints is studied for the first time under cyclic loading conditions leading to the commonly-used S-N curve for characterization of failure of materials at different loading-unloading cycles. Interestingly, the fatigue strength for infinite life of adhesively bonded JFRC joints turns out to be approximately 30% of the quasi-static strength, a correlation which usually applies to materials in general. The effect of joint overlap length on fatigue life is studied and it is observed that the above relation between fatigue and quasi static strength is retained for different overlap lengths. Additionally, insights are provided into failure modes of joints under different loading conditions and for varying overlap lengths. Various empirical predictors such as exponent, power and hybrid models fitting the S-N curve are obtained and their relative efficacy (in terms of Coefficient of Determination R2, Adjusted-R2, Akaike’s Information Criterion and Residual Sum of Squares) enumerated in prediction of failure load including quasi-static failure load.
As numerical simulation is an indispensable tool in designing geometrically complex structures under nonlinear conditions including failure and contact, finite element modeling of JFRC substrates, bulk adhesive and adhesively bonded joints has been investigated using implicit and explicit LS-DYNA solvers. In this context, the effects of various modeling parameters (mesh size and loading rate) and details of constitutive models capable of capturing plasticity and failure in an orthotropic composite and isotropic adhesive are discussed. Mesh size has been found to be an important parameter affecting computed results. Finally, a good correlation within ~(4% - 7%) was found between the predicted and experimental results for JFRC substrates, bulk adhesive and adhesively bonded single lap joints.
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Mechanical and Thermal Characterizations of Biobased Thermoset Resins from Soybean Oil Reinforced with Natural Fiber Using Vacuum Injection Moulding TechniqueGhoreishi, Rima, Ehsani Fatmehsari, Mehdi January 2010 (has links)
The aim of this research was to analyze the mechanical and thermal properties of composites andhybrid composites prepared with four types of jute fibers and two different resins; biobased thermosetresins acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) and mathacrylated anhydride modified soybean oil(MMSO). The processing technique used was vacuum injection molding (VIM). Tensile and, flexuraltestings and dynamic mechanical and thermal analysis (DMTA) were used to characterize thecomposites’ properties. The results showed that the AESO composites have better tensile and flexuralproperties. This may be due to the fact that the curing conditions were quite the same for both AESOand MMSO composites but MMSO composites showed different behavior during curing step. Theywere completely cured in a shorter time compared to AESO composites. Having equal curing time forboth resins’ composites can damage the structure of MMSO composites and hybrids. Tan delta peak forthe MMSO reinforced composites occurs at higher temperatures, compared to AESO reinforcedcomposites, which means better thermal properties for MMSO reinforced composites.
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Obtenção e caracterização de laminados de compósitos poliméricos híbridos de fibras de juta a partir de laminados de fibras de vidro utilizados na fabricação de pás eólicas / Obtaining and characterization of jute hybrid polymer composite from glass fiber reinforced polymer laminates used in wind blade manufacturingAlves, Jose Leandro Correia 29 May 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-05-29 / Não recebi financiamento / At last years due to increasing use of composite materials of synthetic fibers with thermosetting matrix, several alterative have been sought trying to minimize the impacts generated by both the dispose of this material at the end of their useful life and by its heavy dependency of non-renewable resources as petroleum based products for the production of raw materials. As alternative to introduce composites materials that have least environmentally impact natural fibers have drawn attention of researchers. In this work the aim is to manufacture by vacuum infusion process, composite laminates hybrid adding woven jute fiber in structural weaving fiberglass with epoxy resin matrix. The quality of laminate was analyzed by fiber weight fraction determining and thermal analysis by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and DMTA (Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis). It was possible to manufacture hybrids laminates by vacuum infusion with fiber fraction in about 60%. Hybrids laminates presented had a reduction of density of 20% with relation to the glass reinforced plastic. Regarding to mechanical properties, the laminates were characterized by tensile, compression and ILSS testing. With respect to hybrid laminates, the better results of tensile properties such as strength and young's modulus was achieved by the laminates with fiber oriented in 0/90° (H0/90) with maximum strength value near to 200 MPa, while for orientation ±45° (H45 e H45/0/90) the strength results were 68 MPa and 84 MPa, respectively. In this case can be highlighted the hybrid laminate H45, whose tensile strength (83,9 MPa) has not present significant changes with the introduction of jute fiber (with increase of 60% its thickness) compared with glass reinforced plastic (84,5 MPa) for the same fiber orientation. For compressive strength the best result was presented by the laminates H0/90 (fibers in 0/90°) as well, with values close to 150 MPa while the laminates to ±45° (H45 e H45/0/90) presented values of 90 MPa. Regarding to ILSS the variation of strength was smaller, 25 MPa to direction 0/90° and 23 MPa and 21 MPa to H45 and H45//0/90 laminates, respectively. Therefore, mechanical properties were significantly influenced by plies orientation in the laminates and by the hybridization with jute fibers. / Nos últimos anos, devido ao crescente consumo de compósitos de fibras sintéticas com matriz termorrígida, várias alternativas têm sido buscadas a fim de minimizar os impactos gerados tanto pelo descarte desse material ao fim de sua vida útil, quanto pela grande dependência de derivados de recursos não renováveis, como o petróleo para a produção das matérias-primas. Como uma das alternativas de introduzir na área de compósitos, materiais que tenham menores impactos ambientais, as fibras naturais têm recebido atenção de pesquisadores. Assim, neste trabalho foram moldados pelo processo de infusão à vácuo, compósitos de laminados híbridos através da utilização de tecidos de fibras de juta e tecidos estruturais de fibras de vidro com matriz de resina epóxi. A qualidade dos laminados foi analisada por meio da determinação da fração mássica de fibra e por análise térmica de DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) e DMTA (Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis. Foi possível moldar laminados híbridos pelo processo de infusão com fração de fibra em cerca de 60%. Os laminados híbridos apresentaram uma redução na densidade de 20% em relação aos compósitos contendo somente fibras de vidro. Em relação às propriedades mecânicas, os compósitos laminados foram caracterizados através dos ensaios de tração, compressão e cisalhamento interlaminar (ILSS). Entre os laminados híbridos, os melhores resultados de propriedades de tração, como resistência e módulo de elasticidade foram alcançados pelos laminados com ambas as fibras orientadas a 0/90° (H0/90), com valor de tensão máxima próximo a 200 MPa, enquanto que para as orientações ±45° (H45 e H45/0/90) os valores foram próximos de 68 e 84 MPa, respectivamente. No caso, pode ser destacado o laminado híbrido H45, cuja resistência a tração (83,9 MPa) não apresentou mudanças significativas com a introdução das fibras de juta (com acréscimo de 60% na espessura) quando comparado ao laminado de fibras de vidro (84,5 MPa) com mesma orientação. A melhor resistência à compressão também foi apresentada pelos laminados orientados a 0/90° (H0/90) com valores próximos a 150 MPa, enquanto os laminados a ±45° (H45 e H45/0/90) apresentaram os valores de 90 MPa. Em relação à resistência ao cisalhamento interlaminar, entre os laminados híbridos, a variação entre as orientações foi menor, 25 MPa para a direção 0/90° e, 23MPa e 21MPa para os laminados H45 e H45//0/90, respectivamente. Assim, as propriedades mecânicas foram influenciadas significativamente pela orientação das v camadas nos laminados e pela introdução das fibras de juta. Desta forma, conclui-se que a significativa redução de algumas propriedades possivelmente invalida a utilização das configurações híbridas estudadas para aplicações estruturais nas pás eólicas. No entanto, as configurações de laminados híbridos, desenvolvidas e analisadas neste trabalho podem ser aplicadas para moldar componentes em compósitos para peças não estruturais ou com menores requisitos de resistência, como para o segmento automotivo, e ainda com possibilidades de melhorias.
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Compósito de poliuretano elastomérico reforçado com fibra de juta: estudo das propriedades dinâmico-mecânicas e viscoelásticas / COMPOSITE OF ELASTOMERIC POLYURETHANE MATRIX REINFORCED WITH SUPERFICIALITY MODIFIED JUTE FIBER: STUDY VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES AND INTERFACIAL ADHESION.Oliveira, Robson Morijo de 13 September 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-09-13 / Composite technology of a polymer matrix reinforced with artificial fibers, like fiberglass, Kevlar, carbon, etc., has become specialty in recent times moved by advances in technology in some sectors such as automotive and aerospace. The composites already have come a long way in replacing conventional materials like metals and Woods. However with the goal to reduce costs and provide a sustainable growth, science has directed his attention in reinforced compounds with renewable material such as natural fibers. In this work, a study was conducted of the dynamic behavior-mechanical and thermodynamic transitions of second order, as is the case of the glass transition temperature, matrix composite polyurethane elastomers with jute fiber reinforcement. The relaxation that occurs in glassy transition region, also called primary relaxation or relaxation α to amorphous polymers, molecular movements resulting from long distances, involving the main polymer chain segments. The matrix was formed by a MDI-BDO system provided by the company Metso Brazil, PU Division. Metso Brazil manufactures PU screens used in crushing sieves in the mining industry, and this work studied replacing the pure PU fiber by composite reinforced with jute. The material was prepared in an open heated to 100º C with controlled temperature, the system was synthesized in a mixer pre-polymer ratio automatic PU of Baulé on following conditions: MDI, 45º C to 9.5 bar; BDO, 45 C 5.7 bar and D20, 69 C a11 .2 bar. For the characterization of mechanical properties of composite dynamic-mechanical analysis was performed in tension in a temperature range of 35 to 160° C and bending creep. The results showed that the composite had formed showed lower creep deformation in bending test compared to pure polyurethane, but higher strain compared to the composite fiberglass. The flexural modulus (E ') of jute fiber composite showed a higher value at higher temperatures than the unreinforced material. The composi / A tecnologia de compósitos de uma matriz polimérica reforçada com fibras artificiais, com fibra de vidro, Kevlar, carbono, etc., tornou-se de grande interesse nos últimos tempos com os avanços da tecnologia em alguns setores como automobilístico e aeroespacial. Os compósitos já percorreram um longo caminho na substituição dos materiais convencionais como metais e madeiras, no entanto com o objetivo de reduzir custos e proporcionar um crescimento sustentável, a ciência tem direcionado sua atenção em compostos reforçados com material de fontes renováveis como as fibras naturais. No presente trabalho, foi realizado um estudo do comportamento dinâmico-mecânico e transições termodinâmicas de segunda ordem, como é o caso da transição vítrea, em compósito de matriz poliuretana elastomérica com reforço de fibra de juta. A matriz foi formada por um sistema MDI/BDO (reação entre um diisocianato de 4-4'-difenilmetano (MDI) e o 1,4-butanodiol (BDO), fornecida pela empresa Metso Brasil, divisão PU. A Metso Brasil fabrica telas de PU usadas em peneiras de britagem na indústria de mineração, sendo que o presente trabalho estudou a substituição do PU puro pelo compósito com fibra de juta. O material foi vazado em molde aberto na empresa em mesa aquecida a 100ºC com temperatura controlada. O sistema prepolímero foi sintetizado em um misturador automático de PU da Baulé nas seguintes condições: MDI 45ºC a 9,5 bar; BDO, 45ºC a 5,7 bar e D20, 69ºC a11,2 bar. Para a caracterização das propriedades mecânicas desse compósito foi realizada análise dinâmico-mecânica (DMA) em ensaios de tensão no intervalo de temperatura de 35 a 160 ºC. Os principais resultados mostraram que o compósito formado apresentou menor deformação de fluência em ensaio de flexão em relação ao poliuretano puro, porém maior deformação quando comparado com o compósito com fibra de vidro. O módulo flexural (E ) do compósito de fibra de juta apresentou um maior valor em temperaturas mais elevadas que o do material sem reforço. O compósito de fibra de juta foi solicitado no modo de tração e teve um comportamento de material menos dúctil.
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