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Avalia??o da extra??o de madeira de eucalipto com o forwarder em ?reas declivosasSouza, Maria Carolina 02 August 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se com o desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa, determinar a faixa de estradas secund?rias adequada, visando minimizar o custo de produ??o da madeira por interm?dio da racionaliza??o do bin?mio estradas/extra??o florestal. Os dados foram coletados em ?reas de colheita florestal pertencentes a uma empresa produtora de celulose, situadas nos munic?pios de Guanh?es e Sabin?polis, MG, durante o m?s de setembro de 2012. Foram avaliados 10 operadores de Forwarder sendo que destes, dois trabalhavam no projeto ?Cachoeira Alegre? (CA1), madeira de 6 metros sem casca (Guanh?es), quatro no projeto ?Cachoeira Alegre? (CA2), madeira de 3 metros com casca (Guanh?es) e, quatro no projeto ??gua Rasa? (AR), madeira de 6 metros sem casca (Sabin?polis). Para as compara??es entre os projetos e entre o tipo de sistema (toras curtas, madeira de 6 metros sem casca e madeira de 3 metros com casca) utilizou-se a m?dia dos valores encontrados e, estas, foram comparadas a valores determinados por outros autores que trabalharam com os mesmos sistemas de colheita e m?quinas semelhantes, al?m de ?reas/povoamentos distintos. As principais informa??es/vari?veis levantadas referiram-se aos tempos das opera??es (total do ciclo, de carregamento, de deslocamento com e sem carga, de descarregamento), dist?ncias percorridas (com e sem carga) e velocidade m?dia (com e sem carga), desenvolvidadas pelo Forwarder, sendo determinado posteriormente a efici?ncia operacional das m?quinas, a densidade ?tima de estradas DOE, a dist?ncia m?dia de extra??o (DME) e os custos correspondentes (de estradas, de extra??o e de perda de ?rea produtiva). Para as vari?veis anteriores obtidas perante os projetos estudados verificou-se por interm?dio do teste t-Student se havia diferen?a estat?stica entre os valores m?dios encontrados. O carregamento e o descarregamento de toras com o Forwarder foram as vari?veis do ciclo operacional de extra??o que consumiram maior tempo. Os rendimentos operacionais da extra??o de madeira foram considerados altos, mesmo comparativamente a outros estudos em ?reas planas. O projeto ?AR? foi o que apresentou um menor custo de extra??o e, as melhores DOE e DME. A faixa de estrada de 7 metros foi considerada mais adequada do ponto de vista t?cnico-econ?mico e de seguran?a no trabalho, correspondendo a uma redu??o de custo m?dio por hectare para os projetos estudados de R$ 17,99, comparativamente a largura de 8 metros adotada pela Empresa. Nesse contexto, h? um ganho global estimado de R$125.930,00/ano, considerando-se um corte anual de eucalipto de 7.000 hectares, para atendimento da demanda de madeira da Empresa. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT
The objective of the development of this research, determine the strip of adequate secondary roads, to minimize the production cost of the wood through the rationalization of binomio roads/forest extraction. Data were collected in areas to forest harvesting belonging to a cellulose producer company, located in the municipalities of Guanh?es and Sabin?polis, MG, during the month of September 2012.We evaluated 10 operators of Forwarder and of these, two working on the project ?Cheerful Waterfall?, wood 6 meter without bark (Guanh?es), four in the project ?Cheerful Waterfall? wood 3 meter with bark (Guanh?es) and four the project ?Shallow Water?, wood 6 meter without bark (Sabin?polis). For comparisons between projects and between the type of system (short log, wood 6 meter without bark and wood 3 meter with bark) used the average of the values ??found, and these were compared to values ??determined by other authors who worked with the same harvest systems and similar machines, well as areas / stands distinct. Main information raised it is refer to times of the operations (cycle total, loading, displacement with and without charge, discharging), distances (with and without charge) and average speed (with and without charge), desenvolvidas by Forwarder, being determined later operational efficiency of the machines, the optimal density of roads DOE, the average distance extraction (DME) and related costs (roads, extraction and loss of productive area). For the previous variables obtained before projects studied was verified by means of Student's t test if there was a statistical difference between the mean values??. The loading and unloading of logs with the Forwarder were the variables of operating cycle the extraction who consumed more time. The operating yields of extraction the wood were considered high, even compared to other studies in flat areas. The project "AR" which was showed the lower cost of extraction and the best DOE and DME. The strip of road 7 meters was considered appropriate more of viewpoint technical, economic and safety at work, corresponding to a reduction of average cost per hectare for the projects studied at $ 17.99, compared to wide of 8 meters adopted by the Company. In this context, there is an overall gain estimated R $ 125,930.00 / year, considering an annual cut of 7,000 hectares of eucalyptus, to meet the demand for wood the Company.
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