Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-51).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in work capacity, personality and body fat in obese women undergoing training. Twenty-six subjects from the Vancouver Y.W.C.A. "180-Plus Club" voluntarily participated in the study. The subjects were tested before and after a nine month program. The pretraining and posttraining test environments and test procedures were standardized for all subjects. The experimental group met once per week, until halfway through the program, and then met twice a week. The program consisted of a gymnasium and pool exercise session. A control group of eleven subjects was used to help establish the reliability of the Astrand test of physical work capacity. The following variables were measured as follows: (a) physical work capacity -- Astrand submaximal test, (b) personality -- Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, Forms A and B, and (c) body fat -- determination of body density by underwater weighing and the use of Brozek and Keys formula, as well as subcutaneous fat measurements taken at six sites. Three groups were formed on the basis of attendance. The results of the study show that there was a slight improvement associated with a higher frequency of attendance, however, even the group with the highest frequency of attendance failed to show any physiologically important change in work capacity or 'percent body fat’. The combined group results showed a departure from the general female adult population for intelligence, which was higher than the population mean, and for ego strength, which was lower at pretest. The poorest attenders, Group I, showed evidence of departures from the population in factors which described them as being happy-go-lucky, absent-minded, casual and undependable. It is, therefore, not unexpected that persons with these characteristics would drop out of the program. Groups II and III, with respective higher frequencies of attendance, showed significant changes from pretest to posttest in factors which indicated that they became more emotionally mature (Group II) and more sensitive and composed (Group III). These would appear to be desirable changes in view of the Y.W.C.A.'s objectives for psychological as well as physical changes. On the basis of the findings of this study, it does not appear that the time, money and effort required to run the "180-Plus Club" program can be justified. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this project was to design a concise weight loss and exercise program that could be incorporated into a typical family physician's office utilizing routine personnel and physician time commitments. The program was developed to include caloric restriction, diet instructions, behavioral modification, and patient education. It also included outlining an exercise program that was specific enough to allow patients to have a concrete amount of exercise to do but flexible enough to be applicable to all patients. The accompanying manual can serve as a general guide to all physicians who wish to instruct patients on weight loss and exercise. Where the physicians did not agree with the specific information offered in the manual they could substitute their own information but still follow the same general guidelines for use in handling patients. If used properly this program could be quite helpful for handling a very difficult and common problem for the busy family practitioner.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-70). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2002. / Bibliography: leaves 116-122.

Nineteen obese women were studied to determine the effects of two different exercise prescriptions which differed in the type of activity but were matched for total energy expenditure. All women met once per week for twelve weeks as a group to receive the same recommendations concerning dietary modification. A low fat, self selected diet of approximately 1200-1500 kcal was recommended. Ten women participated in a walking program four days/week (GP1) which progresses to 160 minutes per week at 70% HR max. The second group (GP2) of nine women did two days/week (up to 90 minutes/week) walking and two days/week resistance training (up to 90 minutes/week). The resistance training consisted of eight exercises, 8-15 repetitions, at 50-85% of 1 RM, and three sets. All exercises were supervised and attendance for all women was greater than 92% of all the sessions. Losses of body weight (BW) (-5.7 ± 1.1 kg and - 4.5 ± 1.0 kg for GP1 and GP2, respectively), body fat (-3.9 ± 1.1 kg and -4.9 ± 1.0 kg for GP1 and GP2 , respectively) and fat free mass (-2.1 ± .7 kg and -1.6 ± .9 kg for GP1 and GP2, respectively), and percent body fat (- 2.1 ± .7 and -1.5 ± .9 for GP1 and GP2, respectively) were significant over time for both groups with no significant differences between groups. However, GP1 tended to lose more percent body fat and FFM than GP2. Absolute RMR showed a nonsignificant decrease overtime for both groups (-139.7 ± 107.5 kcal/day and -48.1 ± 75.0 kcal/day for GP1 and GP2, respectively). RMR expressed per bodyweight (kg) or fat free mass was maintained for both groups over the experiment (+.4 RMR/kg and -1.1 RMR/FFM respectively for GP1 and +.6 RMR/kg and -.04 RMR/FFM respectively for GP2). In conclusion, the total energy cost of exercise rather than the type of activity seems most important in body composition and metabolic rate changes during weight loss. / Master of Science

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 11, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-76).

Aging, obesity and increased waist circumference (WC) increases risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is a cluster of symptoms (elevated WC, triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) increasing risk for chronic disease. Low-energy dense (LED) diets, emphasizing whole food eating patterns, have not been examined in combination with moderate (mod)/high-intensity physical activity (PA) or dietary protein levels to determine their impact on changes in body weight (BW) and WC in premenopausal, abdominally obese women. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of two 16-wk diet and PA interventions, differing in protein intake, on BW, WC, MetS risk factors, dietary patterns, energy density (ED), and min of Mod-Hi PA. METHODS: Healthy, abdominally obese (WC≥80cm) women (n=38; 34±10y) were randomly assigned to either a 15 or 25% (+18 g/d whey protein) en from protein diet. Individualized LED diets plans decreased energy intake (EI) by ~300kcal/d; PA 5 d/wk (30-60 min/d) consisted of supervised, high-intensity Zumba classes 3d/wk (≥65%HRmax; ≥6METs) and self-selected mod-intensity PA (≥3METs) 2d/wk. Servings of fruits/vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat/fat-free dairy (LFD), fiber, high calorie beverages (BEV), ED, and PA were monitored before (T1), during (T2) and after (T3) the intervention using repeated measures ANOVA. Bonferroni simultaneous testing procedure was used in analysis of multiple comparisons. RESULTS: At T1, groups did not differ in dietary patterns, PA, BW, WC, or MetS risk. Groups responded similarly to the interventions so data were combined, with BW and WC decreasing (p<0.0001) by -4.8±2.7kg and -7.1±3.6cm, respectively. Comparing T1 vs. T2, there were increases (p<0.0001) in fruits/vegetables, (Δ=+1.5 ser/d), whole grains (Δ=+1.0 ser/d), LFD (Δ=+0.5 ser/d), fiber (Δ=+5.7g/1000 kcal), and decreases in BEV (Δ=-165 kcal/d) and ED (Δ=-0.55 kcal/g). During the intervention high-intensity Zumba PA was 87min/wk; total min of all mod-intensity PA increased by 75 min/d (p<0.0001); VO2max improved from 29.3±4.7 (T1) to 34.4±5.3 (T3) mL/kg/min (p<0.0001). Triglycerides significantly decreased (-24±52 mg/dl; p=0.006), no other significant changes occurred in MetS risk factors. Exploratory analysis indicated that increases in fruits/vegetables and LFD, and decreases ED were associated with BW loss, while increases in whole grains, fiber, LFD, and min/wk of high-intensity PA (Zumba) were associated with WC reductions. CONCLUSION: For abdominally obese women, an intervention focused on LED foods and high-intensity PA significantly reduced BW and WC and improved dietary patterns regardless of protein intake. Helping clients identify a few key factors that positively promote reductions in BW and WC may improve weight loss success, while reducing MetS risk factors. / Graduation date: 2012

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and abdominal obesity (AbOb) increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Energy restriction (ER), highprotein (PRO) intake and high-intensity interval training (HIT) can independently improve MetS and AbOb. However, ER reduces metabolically active lean body mass (LBM) in addition to body fat (BF). Purpose: To determine the effects of a 16-wk ER diet with 2 levels of PRO (15% or 25% of energy), plus HIT, on MetS risk factors, AbOb, and body composition in women. Methods: Sedentary, premenopausal women (age=35±10y) with AbOb (waist circumference [WC] ≥80cm) were randomized to a 16-wk ER diet (-300kcals/d) with 15% (15PRO; n=17) or 25% (25PRO; n=18) of energy from PRO, plus 45min/d, 3d/wk HIT and 45min/d, 2d/wk continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) (-200kcals/d). Diet and physical activity (PA) were assessed using 4-d weighed food and PA records, respectively; diet and exercise compliance were assessed monthly with multiple-pass 24-h recalls and weekly tracking logs. Body weight (BW), WC, DXA-assessed body composition (BF [%], BF [kg], trunk fat [kg], and LBM [kg]), blood lipids (total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], triglycerides [TG]), glycemic markers (fasting plasma glucose [FPG], insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], beta cell function [HOMA-%β] and insulin sensitivity [HOMA-%S]) and resting blood pressure (BP) (systolic BP [SBP]; diastolic BP [DBP]) were assessed pre/post-intervention. Repeated measures analysis of variance and two sample t-tests were used at analyze the date. Results are reported as means±standard deviations. Results: There were significant time, but not group, differences in BW (-5.1±2.6kg, p=0.0141), WC (- 7.3±3.6cm, p<0.0001), TC (-18.1±17.4mg/dL, p<0.0001), LDL-C (12.2± 16.2mg/dL, p<0.0001), TG (-25.3±56.2mg/dL, p=0.0064), insulin (-2.1±4.2mg/dL, p=0.0048), HOMA-IR (-0.2±0.5, p=0.0062), HOMA-%β (-12.1±35.2%, p=0.0497), HOMA-%S (28.5±78.4%, p=0.0357), and SBP (-3±9mmHg, p=0.214). There were significant group x time differences in DBP (15PRO=-5±8mmHg, 25PRO=- 2±8mmHg; p=0.0024). There were no time or group differences in FPG or HDLC. There were significant time, but not group, effects on changes in BW (-5.1kg± 2.6, p<0.0001), BF (-3.3±1.6%, p<0.0001), and LBM (-0.6kg±1.5, p=0.0283). The 15PRO group lost more absolute whole BF (-5.2kg vs. -3.9kg, p=0.0355) and trunk fat (-3.1kg vs. -2.2kg) vs. the 25PRO group. Conclusion: Both diets significantly improved BW, AbOb, MetS risk factors, glycemic control, and BF (%); LBM (kg) loss was similar in both groups. Compared to the 15PRO diet had significantly greater absolute BF-kg and trunk fat-kg losses. Increased PRO intake did not improve AbOb or MetS risk beyond ER and HIT/CME. The impact of HIT/CME and the greater (-1.3kg) changes in BW in the 15PRO group may have contributed significantly to the changes in absolute BF and trunk fat. More research is needed to separate the impact of HIT/CME and weight loss from the impact of PRO during ER. / Graduation date: 2013 / Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from March 28, 2013 - March 28, 2014