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Darbo problema: esant nuolatiniai būtinumui apdoroti vis didesnius informacijos kiekius, formuluojant ir sprendžiant sudėtingas problemas, žmogaus protas dažnai nebepajėgia patenkinti visų racionalumo reikalavimų, ir daug pasaulio sprendimų priimami nesilaikant racionalumo prielaidų. Visokeriopos gerovės išlaikymas ar kūrimas reikalauja objektyvumo, nešališkumo. Svarbu įvertinti, kas lemia invariantiškumo principo pažeidimus ir kitus kognityvinius poslinkius. Darbo tikslas - įvertinti racionalumo principų pažeidimų priimant sprendimus ryšį su skirtingu grupės dydžiu (užduotyje minimu žmonių skaičiumi), statusu organizacijoje ir kognityviniu (sprendimų priėmimo) stiliumi. Naudotos tyrimo metodikos: 1. Formulavimo poveikio stiprumui skirtingo dydžio grupėse įvertinti naudota modifikuota Tversky, Kahneman (1981) Azijietiškos ligos problema. 2. Siekiant nustatyti skirtingo organizacinio statuso asmenų jautrumą formulavimo poveikiui buvo naudota Tversky, Kahneman (1981) lošimų problema. 3. Dominuojančiam sprendimų priėmimo stiliui nustatyti naudotas Scott, Bruce (1995) GDMS (General Decision – Making Style) klausimynas. 4. Veidrodinio atspindžio efektui įvertinti skirta Kahneman, Tversky (1979) lošimo problema. 5. Invariantiškumo principo pažeidimų dydžiui įvertinti buvo naudota Frisch (1993) „Važiavimo į kitą parduotuvės filialą dėl nuolaidos“ situacija, Tversky, Kahneman (1981) „Bilieto pirkimo antrą kartą“ situacija, Goldstein, Einhorn (1987)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Problem of work: given the ever-present necessity to process increasingly more information, when formulating and solving complicated problems the human mind often fails to meet all the requirements of rationality, and many decisions in the world are, therefore, made without observing the prerequisites of rationality. Maintaining or creating any kind of welfare requires objectiveness and impartiality. It is important to take into account what determines the violations of invariantability principle and other cognitive biases. The purpose of work is to assess the relationship of rationality principles’ violation, when making the decision, with the different group size (number of people specified in the problem), status in the organization and cognitive (decision-making) style. Research methodologies used: 1. For the assessment of framing effect in groups of different size, modified Asian disease problem of Tversky and Kahneman (1981) was used. 2. For the establishment of sensitivity of individuals of different organizational status to the framing effect, Tversky and Kahneman’s (1981) gamble problem was applied. 3. Scott and Bruce’s (1995) GDMS (General Decision – Making Style) questionnaire was used to determine the dominating decision-making style. 4. The reflection effect was assessed according to Kahneman and Tversky’s (1979) gamble problem. 5. Frisch’s (1993) “Going to another affiliate of the store to get the discount” situation and Tversky and... [to full text]

Over the past decades, decision making under risk has garnered a great amount of attention both in the field of economics and psychology. Although state-dependent variabilities of risk taking are well-documented, little is known about the effects of a person’s preferred time of day, or chronotype, in risky decision making. Under circumstances of circadian mismatch (e.g., when an “early bird” makes decisions in the evening), research suggests that decision making may reflect a greater reliance on heuristics, such as using stereotypes in social judgments. However, the effects of circadian mismatch on heuristics in risky decision making are relatively unexplored. This paper looks into the effects of circadian mismatch on the reflection effect: a behavioral bias in financial decision making, wherein individuals are risk averse when facing potential gains, and risk seeking when facing potential losses. Participants will be randomly assigned to their circadian matched or circadian mismatched conditions and will play a series of financial gambling tasks with real monetary incentives. This study predicts that the reflection effect will be exacerbated in circadian mismatched individuals as compared to matched participants. Exploring such an effect could have real-world implications on decision making under risk by providing critical knowledge about the effects of time of day on our susceptibility to behavioral biases. It could therefore point to the existence of a more optimal time of day to engage in such critical decision making.