Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Thesis (B.A.)--Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01

This paper uses theoretical frameworks from Critical Discourse Analysis to analyze articles from a South Korean English-print newspaper (the Korea Times), one humanitarian group's website (Liberty in North Korea), and an article in The Economist as examples of the two major discursive styles of representation(s) of North Korea and its people. In mapping the two major representations of North Korea and its people: 1) as "defectors" and 2) as "refugees," I examine the discursive themes employed in each of the three texts. I conclude by describing some of the implications of a discourse of defection and suggest that for future interactions with North Korea to be mutually fruitful, major English media sources must re-examine the terminology used and how it charges North Koreans with a political incentive that belies the underlying reasons for their displacement. Alternative representations and conceptions of North Korea should look to its people in order to see how they are representing themselves. In addition, international diplomacy and news media should learn about the history of relations between North and South Korea since the end of the Korean War in order to develop a culturally contextual representation of North Korea.

This paper examines the relation between internal migration and labour market outcomes among refugees in Sweden. Using longitudinal data, we find that refugees during their first nine years in Sweden migrate towards big cities and that migration within Sweden is: (i) more common among residents of smaller cities and especially rural areas; (ii) negatively related to marriage and children; (iii) positively related to unemployment and education; and (iv) most common in the first years after arrival. We can also conclude that internal migration alone does not improve the labour market situation for refugees in terms of income, whereas the chances for male refugees to obtain a job might increase. Integration signals, such as citizenship, seem to be of great importance for the refugee labour market integration.

No description available.

Changing national policies in recent years represent an unprecedented attack on refugee resettlement in the United States. In this period of political and social uncertainty, understanding the barriers to refugee economic integration is more critical than ever. Following a review of existing literature on refugee resettlement and economic integration, this research assesses experiences of refugee employment in Dallas, Texas—one of the cities that resettles the most new refugees nationwide—through investigating the experiences of four key populations: resettled individuals themselves (including refugees, asylees, and SIVs), resettlement caseworkers, third-party staffing agencies, and the management/HR staff of refugee employers. These diverse perspectives will assist in understanding the structural constraints that shape refugee employment services, as well as the interaction of these various individuals and organizations as parts of a dynamic system. The project also aims to explore employers' experiences of hiring refugees and working with resettlement programs, as the perspectives of entrepreneurs and the business community are those most likely to influence the attitudes of legislators and encourage renewed support of resettlement in Texas. The conclusion of this study offers recommendations for how resettlement organizations can navigate the ambiguities of a resettlement system driven by neoliberal economics and a push for rapid employment while supporting clients' successful economic integration and avoiding the exploitative work relationships that have come to characterize refugee employment in many areas.

No abstract available. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1933. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

Refugee camps are an example of ‘post crisis’ rehabilitative systems, which vainly attempt to restore stability in a state of disaster (Azmara, 2012). Uprooted from their homes and thrust into volatile and unfamiliar surroundings, civil conflict and natural disasters have left millions of refugees around the world destitute in their host countries, stripped of their identity and humanity and left with only the clothes on their backs. Unlike in rural settlements, the urban settlement patterns of refugees in Johannesburg have demonstrated a unique gravitational shift from reliance on local government assistance to a strong and long standing affiliation with various religious fraternities in the urban centres. This has then resulted in the inquisitorial search of how well have these urban churches served the needs of the urban displaced communities? By opening up their church buildings to refugees as a place sanctity and solace, how has this spiritual affiliation effected the reception, protection and rehabilitation of psychologically and physically traumatized refugees and asylum seekers? Subsequently has Johannesburg as a city, made provision for the sheltering and protecting of refugees, should there ever again be a crisis of violent xenophobic turmoil in the city’s townships? This thesis seeks to explore the underlying differences between designing a post crisis emergency shelter and specifically developing a transitory sanctuary tailored for urban refugees. By merging the dissimilar approaches assumed by secular refugee aiding organisations and the religious fraternities, the design starts to illustrate the symbolic connection between refuge and solace; spirituality and rehabilitation, as well as making note of the harmonies that exist within humanitarian architecture and sacred architecture. By understanding these fundamental parallels, a premise is formed for the development of a unique and prototypical urban refugee centre, located in Hillbrow, at the heart of Johannesburg’s eclectic foreign national communities. The centre is comprised of several emergency relief facilities, rehabilitative programmes as well as an adaptive form of transitional accommodation all encompasses within a spiritual, yet nondenominational Christian church establishment; a gesture which serves to highlight the ‘curative’ relationship between the spirituality, architecture and the user.

MSc (Med), Bioethics and Health Law, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand / During my interaction with various healthcare professionals while pursuing my post graduate degree, it was evident that a number of them were uninformed about refugees‘ rights.1 There was a predominant misconception that refugees are a burden to South Africa‘s already-constrained health care resources. Some of the healthcare professionals that I spoke to pointed out that they would care for all patients regardless of whether they were refugees or not, because they felt that they had a moral obligation to do so and because professional ethics required them to do so. This was the motivation behind my research.2 As observed by Bilchitz (2005: 5), the term „right to health‟ is a shorthand expression for two elements; the right to health care and the right to a healthy environment. This research report focuses on the right to health which includes access to healthcare services as one of the components of the right to health. It is not oblivious of other related and interdependent rights and it is not in any way intended to undermine the importance of other rights to health. For the most part, I centre my research report in the context of South Africa. In line with the above, the research report recognises the fact that the obligation of the states under international law extends to non-state actors. However, this 1 A refugee is defined by the Department of Home Affairs South Africa (2009) as ―Anyone fleeing from individual persecution, human rights violations or armed conflict in the land of their origin‖. 2 In my further studies, I hope to compliment this research report with empirical research. 7 research is limited to the state‘s obligations within the public healthcare sector. The research report takes an entitlement approach because entitlement empowers refugees by: 1. It gives them a base on which to stand up for themselves and for all persons past and present who, in the face of persecution, have become refugees; and 2. It allows refugees to draw attention to and demand the satisfaction of their rights (Liebenberg 2006: 20; Williams 2005: 446);and 3. It uses the legal process in order to obtain the fulfilment of their needs (ibid: 33-34);and 4. It aids in the pursuit of social justice as Pieterse (2006: 447) puts it: ... by demanding the acceleration of structural reforms that would put an end to prevailing hardship and by creating a space for collective mobilisation around such structural reforms. Although in some instances the research report refers to provisions and studies conducted on foreigners,3 this study is mainly focused on refugees and asylum seekers. However some of issues affecting foreigners in general inadvertently affect refugees as well. Overall, my research looks at the general rights of refugees. It acknowledges that there are specific rights that apply to specific classes of refugees.4 Lastly, the use of 3 A ‗foreigner means an individual who is neither a citizen nor a resident.‘ ( see Yacoob J.‘s ruling in Lawyers for Human Rights v Minister of Home Affairs & Another CCT 18/03 4 These include women and children amongst others. See Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW 1979); Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC, 1989), in article 24 and related regional treaties. Also see s 28 of the RSA Constitution. 8 the term refugee in the study is intended for convenience and includes asylum seekers. The main thesis of the study is that states, as promoters and protectors of refugees‘ right to health, have an obligation to put in place all necessary measures that will aid refugees to full realisation of their right to access healthcare services.

No description available.